Botanical Society of America

Context Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is widely used as a spice and in dietary/food supplements and herbal medicines. Reports assessing the authenticity of commercial products have shown that the ingredient is subject to adulteration with, among others, artificial dyes, undeclared diluents, and synthetic curcumin. Objective This scoping review summarizes published data on adulteration of turmeric products sold as spice and dietary or food supplements to estimate the prevalence of non-authentic turmeric on the market. Methods This scoping review was based on a literature analysis from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, covering publications from 2000 to 2025. Article selection was performed according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. After the initial search, specific countries were added to refine the search. Of the 375 publications retrieved, 347 were eliminated as duplicates or because they lacked information on turmeric adulteration, adulteration of commercial products, or did not provide the number of adulterated samples. An additional 19 papers were found searching the citations, or by using Google Search with the keywords “Curcuma longa”, “turmeric”, “government report”, and “adulteration”. One more report from the CVUA Stuttgart was found using the keywords “Kurkuma”, “Verfälschung”, and “Report”. In total, 48 papers were included in the review. Results A total of 48 publications representing 2235 commercial turmeric samples were included in the study. The overall adulteration rate was 20.0%, with spice samples having a slightly lower percentage of adulterated samples (20.4%) than dietary and food supplements (22.0%). Conclusion Adulteration of turmeric remains a concern on markets worldwide.

SummaryGnetum gnemon L., a tree native to a region spanning from southern China through Assam, across most of Malesia, Papuasia, and southwards to Queensland, is described and illustrated. This enigmatic species displays characteristics from both gymnosperms and angiosperms and is also grown as an economic crop in Southeast Asia.

SummaryPapilionanthe Miss Joaquim ‘Agnes’, an artificial hybrid between Papilionanthe teres (Lindl.) Schltr. and Papilionanthe hookeriana (Rchb.f.) Schltr., is described and illustrated. This hybrid, still commonly known as Vanda Miss Joaquim, originated in Singapore and was selected as the country's national flower in 1981. It is notable for its vibrant pink‐purple flowers borne on inflorescences, its ability to bloom year‐round in tropical climates, and its historical importance to Singapore's horticultural and cultural heritage.

SummaryKopsia singapurensis Ridl. forms large shrubs to small trees most commonly found in lowland swampy forests or riverbanks. In cultivation, the plants freely flower throughout the year but records indicate a twice annual flowering previously occurred in the wild. The leaves have stout, short petioles and are arranged in pairs along the stem (opposite). The plant produces a thin white latex when the tissue is broken, like all members of the Apocynaceae. The flowers are arranged in a lax inflorescence and characterized by an elongate tubular white corolla bearing anthers near the throat which is marked by a red “eye”. The paired ovaries (again characteristic of the family) form ellipsoid follicles with a small spur on one side. Due to its ability to survive in poor and acidic soils and its attractive constantly present flowers has become popular for ornamental planting to mark entrances and gates.

Two hereto elusive and misunderstood species of Passiflora sect. Simplicifoliae (Passifloraceae), Passiflora guentheri and P. mapiriensis, have been studied and evaluated. This study has shown maintainable differences between the species confirming their taxonomic separation, but questions are raised regarding their origin information and their type localities. From the manuscripts, both species were described as being collected from the exact same locality, which seem unlikely given their close taxonomic alliance. An expedition to Bolivia revisited this location, but also surveyed a wider area to better understand their actual distribution and evaluate the botanical differences between either species. This has shown some consistent botanical traits that warrant their speciation, and examples are given in this paper. Following an extensive planimetric study of the species from this taxonomic group, a third species, here proposed as Passiflora chaskajina sp.nov. is added to the Bolivian flora. The ecology, history, conservation and distribution of the Bolivian members of P. sect. Simplicifoliae has been commented on in this paper.

Este estudio examina el método NaturalSlim (NS) como un enfoque innovador de Atención Primaria de Salud Avanzada (APSA) para el manejo de la obesidad y trastornos metabólicos en México y Latinoamérica. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa y descriptiva, combinando una revisión documental exhaustiva con un análisis de campo en siete clínicas NS en la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México. Este método cuenta con tres componentes interrelacionados: una estrategia educativa extensiva, un modelo de atención clínica interdisciplinario y un conjunto de estrategias de intervención nutricional y suplementaria personalizadas. Los resultados permiten demostrar que el método NS ofrece un abordaje integral y centrado en el paciente, alineado con los principios de APSA. El estudio destaca la capacidad del método NS para mejorar la experiencia a la enfermedad, integrar tecnología en la atención clínica y a distancia, así como para abordar de manera más amplia los factores que contribuyen a la obesidad y los trastornos metabólicos. Se identifican desafíos potenciales para su implementación a una mayor escala, incluyendo aspectos como accesibilidad a estos recursos, por ser provenientes de servicios privados, financiamiento público para desarrollar proyectos piloto en colaboración con el sector público, vinculación con el resto de los niveles de atención para el cuidado de las comorbilidades y falta de conocimiento de estas experiencias en foros académicos para su análisis y retroalimentación. El método NS representa una oportunidad prometedora para transformar la atención de las personas adultas con sobrepeso, obesidad y enfermedades metabólicas en México y Latinoamérica, aunque se requiere investigación adicional para evaluar su efectividad a largo plazo y su adaptabilidad a diversos contextos socioeconómicos y culturales.

pinnate; leaflets sessile, broad, lanceolate to ovate, serrate or lobed.Umbels leaf-opposed; rays usually 2-12; bracts absent to several; bracteoles ovate or lanceolate, often white-margined.Fruit 1-3.5 mm long, ovoid to elliptic-oblong; mericarps with lignified tissue extending into ribs and above vittae; ribs prominent with air chambers at maturity; vittae 6 per mericarp.

0(-1).Bracteoles present.Sepals present,