Bryansk State Agrarian University

A specific feature of mature raspberry stems (MRS) is the low force required to break them under transverse loading. A machine or tool implementing the proposed force application method can therefore be used to crush MRS. They were subjected to transverse pressure from a vertical blade of a spherical disk fragment, simulating the technological function of a disc harrow, to determine the physical and mechanical properties of MRS. It was found that for MRS of the Sputnitsa variety, vertical pressure from the blade, when freely positioned on the surface of the row spacing, results in its penetration into loose soil by 80-100 mm and partial fracture of the cross-section. Guaranteed stem destruction under a force of 995.6 N on the blade of a spherical disk occurs when its ends are pressed to the soil surface with special weights weighing 45-47 H. The cut OSM, air-dried for two weeks, were placed in two sections of the row spacing in the second stage of the experiment, oriented transversely to the row direction. A tractor with a BDN-1.5 disc harrow laid out one section of the OSM in one pass at a speed of 6.9 km/h, and in the second section, made two passes in opposite directions. Measurement of the resulting stem fragments indicates that their average length across the experimental variants was 239 and 257 mm, respectively. The disc harrow ensures an acceptable degree of crushing of the OSM and the covering of a significant portion of their fragments with soil, which facilitates natural utilization. There is no need for the berry farm to purchase a special pick-up and chopper for fruiting stems.

Relevance. Solving food security issues in the Russian Federation requires improving the system of protective measures and thoroughly studying the species structure of harmful organisms that reduce the yield and quality of agricultural crops. Table beet ( Beta vulgaris L.), being a valuable vegetable root crop grown in the Russian Federation and the Bryansk region, is damaged by a variety of pests. The aim of the scientific research was to study the taxonomic composition, structure of polyphagous and specialized pests of table beet in the Bryansk region, compile phenological calendars of dominant species of phytophages, clarify the period of harmfulness of table beet plants by phytophages in order to draw up recommendations for insecticide treatments . Materials and Methods. In the conditions of the educational and experimental field of the Bryansk State Agrarian University in 2020-2023. conducted a study of the species structure of beetroot pests. The object of the study was the Bordeaux one-seeded beetroot plant variety. To clarify the species composition and account for the pests, the following observation methods were used: mowing with an entomological net, sticky traps, soil excavation, and yellow cups (Mörike vessels). Results. During the studies to establish the taxonomic composition of beetroot phytophages and to clarify the ecological characteristics of polyphagous and specialized pests, representatives of the main group of polyphagous and oligophagous pests of the Insecta class from the following orders and families were identified: Coleoptera: Elateridae, Scarabidae, Chrysomeliidae; Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Noctuidae; Homoptera; Aphididae; Diptera: Anthomyiida; Hemiptera: Miridae; and also polyphages from the class Gastropda: Boettgerillidae and the class Mammalia. The excess of the EPT was established for two species of broad oligophages: sugar beet flea beetle ( Chaetocnema concinna Marsham ) (EPT – 1 imago/plant in the seedling-fork phase, 3-10 imago/m 2 ) and sugar beet aphid ( Aphis fabae Scop. ) (EPT – 10% of inhabited plants on the site in the phase of 3-6 pairs of true leaves). Conclusion. Based on the obtained data, the taxonomic composition, structure of polyphagous and specialized pests of table beet in the conditions of the Bryansk region were studied, phenological calendars of dominant species of phytophages were compiled.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant, highly penetrant disorder caused by pathogenic variants (mutations) in the NF1 gene. Mosaic NF1 is a distinct form of this disorder. Somatic mosaicism in NF1 is a rare condition caused by postzygotic pathogenic variants in the NF1 gene. The article presents a clinical case of mosaic NF1 in a 13-year-old child.

The development of raspberry varieties with compact bushes and self-supporting stems, which require no support, is of importance for reducing the labor intensity of cultivation technology. In this connection, our research was aimed at evaluating the initial forms and their hybrid off spring in terms of bush habitus for identification of promising forms. The study included 10 varieties of remontant type, 10 selected forms, and the off spring of 12 combinations of crosses. Phenotypic evaluation of breeding material was carried out based on shoot height, internode length, bush habitus, and compactness. The Pingvin and Medvezhonok varieties, as well as selected forms No. 4-78-2, 9-155-1, 1-135-31, 44-154-2, and 1-16-11, formed low-height bushes (up to 130 cm). The remaining 65% of varieties produced plants of optimal height (132–159 cm). The internode length in the initial forms varied from 3.1 to 5.8 cm, with those having this parameter at the level of 3.1-4.0 cm being characterized by straight-growing or weakly-sprawling bushes. The group with an internode length more than 4.0 cm included seven varieties: Atlant, Komsomol’skaya Pravda, Podarok Kashinu, Zhar-Ptica, Yubilejnaya Kulikova, and selections No. 9-155-1 and 1-60-1. Among the studied varieties, Pingvin and No. 44-154-2, 1-135-31, and 4-1-30 formed compact bushes. When using parental forms with internode lengths of 3.1–4.0 cm in crosses, genotypes with shortened internodes (less than 3.0 cm) were extremely rarely bred. Among the families studied, combinations with both the absence of drooping seedlings and their significant number (20.0–48.5 %) were observed. Hybrids with a drooping bush habitus were absent in four combinations out of 12: Zhar-Ptica×44-154-2, Atlant×Salyut, 9-113-1×Salyut, and Atlant×11-165-10. These families, as well as Medvezhonok×Poklon Kazakovu and 9-155-1×Atlant, were characterized by a high yield (18.9–34.6 %) of straight-grown genotypes. Among the studied hybrid progeny of remontant raspberry, six selected forms (No. 5-112-1, 5-171-2, 5-171-3, 1-97-1, 5-108-1, and 18-163-1) with a combination of upright bush habitus and other economically valuable indicators were identified.

Background. Acidic soils account for about 50% of all cultivated lands in the world. The yield of wheat grain can increase up to 50% with a decrease in acidity from 4.9 to 6.2. In this regard it is relevant to assess the varietal reaction of winter wheat seed germs to changes in the acidity level of the growing environment. Purpose. The study was aimed to evaluate the acidity (рН=5, рН=7, рН=9) effect of the aqueous medium on changes in germinative energy, germinating ability and biometrics of wheat germs of varieties and promising lines of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Materials and methods. The researches were carried out in the conditions of a laboratory experiment (n=6). The object of the research was seed grain of varieties and promising lines of soft winter wheat. The wheat seeds were germinated according to All-Union State Standard 12038-84. The effect of three acidity levels of the aqueous medium was studied: pH=7 (neutral) – control, pH=5 (acidic), pH=9 (alkaline). The change in the water acidity was carried out by electrolysis using an ionizer "IVA-II". Results. In the early stages of organogenesis the varietal reaction of Triticum aestivum to the acidity affected seed germination insignificant (V˂5.5%). The mean reaction of the varieties to changes in the acidity was recorded on the length of germs and central roots on the 7th day. The highest germ length of the varieties on average (11.39±0.66 cm) and the central root length (9.48±0.99 cm) were observed in the variants with a neutral medium. Primordial roots reduced crude biomass in an aqueous medium by 42.3-48.6%. Such varieties as Angelina, Rubezhnaya, Mera, STRG 806015, EN Cepheus, EN Photon and the promising line Erythrosperum 69/21 showed the highest acid resistance (V=2.6-8.6%) by germ weight. Conclusion. It has been found that varieties and promising lines of the Triticum aestivum species prefer a neutral and alkaline reaction of the growing medium (pH= 7 and 9), and an acidic medium (pH=5) causes slowing down growth intensity and decreasing the mass of germs and embryo roots. EDN: WBRGIR

The work studied the nutritional value of five samples of fresh and dried pollen from various species of plants: Rosales, Brassicaceae, Legumes, Asteraceae, Apiaceae. The results of the studies showed that all the studied pollen samples, collected at different periods of pollen-bearing plants flowering, contain a high amount of protein (19.63-21.09%) and practically correspond to the formula of ideal protein. It is more advisable to use pollen mixtures collected in the spring and summer and processed in a certain way, as an alternative source of food protein.

The influence of meteorological conditions of the region on the duration of the vegetation period and production process of domestic and foreign soybean breeding was determined. The research was conducted in the period 2021–2023 in the Bryansk region. 18 soybean varieties included in the Register of breeding achievements admitted to use were taken as an object of research. According to the duration of the vegetation period varieties are divided into three groups of ripeness: fast-ripening – Vita, Lira, Leader 10, Amadea, Lisbon, Vera, early-maturing – Protina, Volma, Kora, Zusha, Mezenka, Osmon, Sultana, medium-maturing – Sculptor, Pripyat, Puma, Sirelia, Ros. It was revealed that, on average, plant height increased with the increasing vegetation period: fast-ripening – 75.8 cm, early-maturing – 77.3, medium-maturing – 83.0 cm. It was revealed that, on average, with an increase in the growing season, the height of plants increased: precocious – 75.8 cm, early-maturing – 77.3 cm, middle-maturing – 83.0 cm. 4 genotypes (22 %) with low attachment of the lower beans were identified: Vera, Kora, Pripyat, Sirelia, 11 varieties (61 %) with medium attachment of the lower beans: Vita, Lira, Leader 10, Amadea, Lisbon, Volma, Zusha, Osmon, Sultana, Sculptor, Puma, 3 varieties (17 %) with a high attachment: Protina, Mezenka, Ros. The weight of 1000 seeds was calculated – varieties with larger filled seeds: Sultana (176), Ros (177), Lisbon (162), Vita (158), Vera (158), Sirelia (158). Varieties with the highest seed yield were identified: Ros (25.3 c/ha), Zusha (22.8), Sculptor (22.2), Pripyat (22.2), Lisbon (22.1 c/ha). Crude protein was determined by the Kjeldahl method, crude fat by the Soxhlet. The high content of crude protein was formed by the varieties of domestic breeding: Puma (36.66%), Mezenka (35.95%), Osmon (35.75%), Vera (35.34%); foreign varieties: Sirelia (39.05%), Sultana (38.27%), Pripyat (36.17%). The crude fat content in the seeds varied both by year and by variety. The maximum fat value was noted in the genotypes: Ros (23.78%), Mezenka (23.72%), Sculptor (23.18%), Zusha (22.45 %), Sultana (22.36%).

Biographical information about Peter Zakharovich Bosek (1909–1993), a famous Bryansk botanist and florist, is presented. His book "Plants of the Bryansk region: A reference guide" (Tula, 1975, 463 p.) remains the only regional summary so far.

The results of improving potato cultivation technology by increasing the efficiency of plant protection system in the conditions of production experience are presented. The study was conducted in 2021–2023 on the lands of the OOO "Druzhba-2" (Bryansk region, Zhiryatinsky district). Two potato varieties of the first reproduction, Red Scarlett (Netherlands) and Gala (Germany), were the object of the study. The experiment scheme included two variants: 1) traditional potato protection system adopted in the farm (control); 2) improved protection system. Both protection systems are aimed at the prevention of pests (Colorado potato beetle, snap beetle larvae), weeds (cleavers, black nightshade, purple deadnettle, lamb's quarters, wild camomile, annual bluegrass, wind bent grass) and diseases (early blight, late blight, silver scurf, rhizoctoniose, various types of rots, pythium). Soils of the sites are sod-podzolic. The forecrop is winter rapeseed. The total area of the production experiment was 120 ha (60 ha under each variety). Potatoes were grown under intensive technology with conventional tillage system on a 75 × 28 cm pattern. Planting rate is 50 thousand tubers per 1 ha. The technology is designed to obtain tuber yields of 40–60 t/ha. Experimentally it has been established that the application of the improved technology with the use of a new plant protection system for the farm contributes to an increase in plant stand density and their safety at the time of harvesting by 2.5–3.0%, increase in the number of tubers from one plant by 7.5–10.0%, average weight of one tuber – by 7–11%, weight of tubers from one plant – by 14.5–23.0%, yield – by 17–26%, marketability – by 12.5–14.5%, marketable yield – by 32–45%, conditional net income – by 16.2–24.5%.

In the period from 2014 to 2021, in the context of radioactive contamination of the flood meadow of the central floodplain of the Iput river, Novozybkovsky district, Bryansk region, studies were carried out on the role of nutrients in the accumulation of radioactively contaminated flood meadows 137Cs the green mass of herbs and the forecast of 137Cs migration in the "soil-plant-animal-human" system with a radioactive contamination density 137Cs the territory above 555 kBq/m2. As a result of the studies, it was found that without the use of special measures, the flood meadow cannot be used as a pasture, the content of 137Cs in the feed production exceeds the standard by 16 times. Despite the fact that in 2016 the first half-life of the 137Cs occurred, a significant decrease in the accumulation of water meadow 137Cs by vegetation was not revealed. It was found that with an increase in potassium to nitrogen in mineral fertilizer, the accumulation of natural grass 137Cs by the green mass is significantly reduced. The correlation coefficient is 0.53-0.65 between nitrogen fertilization and accumulation 137Cs vegetation of flood meadow. The inverse strong relationship between potash fertilization and accumulation 137Cs vegetation of the flood meadow was revealed, the correlation coefficient is 0.89-0.97. Nitrogen fertilizers increase the productivity of flood meadows, but are a factor in increasing the accumulation of natural grass with 137Cs green mass. Potash fertilizers reliably reduce accumulations 137Cs vegetative mass of natural grass stand and level negative effect of nitrogen fertilizer. The return of radioactively contaminated forage to agricultural circulation is possible only with the use of increased doses of potash fertilizer, which serve as a barrier to migration of 137Cs in the "soil-plant-animal-human" system.