Building Bridges

In the central districts of Vienna, many foundation pits reach the watertable by the time they excavate the second storey below surface. Deep pits therefore need dewatering, which is usually and necessarily limited to the excavation area. Underneath the waterbearing stratum, cohesive layers of sufficient thickness follow, which improve watertightness of the excavation walls. The nearly impermeable tertiary silt & clay layers at the bottom are, however, frequently interspersed by waterbearing finesands which are subject to artesian pressure and therefore prone to hydraulic uplift. The flow pressure induced by the hydraulic gradient may reduce cohesion even in over-consolidated silt & clay formations to an extent sufficient to cause an inflow of water which erodes and suffuses fine soil from the watering layer. The phenomena of hydraulic uplift are described and explained in a proposed soil-mechanic model. Im Innenstadtbereich von Wien reichen viele Baugruben ab dem zweiten Kellergeschoß ins Grundwasser. Die tiefen Baugruben benötigen eine Wasserhaltung, die in der Regel auf das Gebeit innerhalb der Baugrube beschrankt bleiben muß. An der Basis des Grundwasserleiters stehen oftmals bindige Formationen ausreichender Mächtigkeit an, die eine Dichtfunktion der Baugrubenwände begünstigen. Die zumeist schluffig/tonigen Sedimente werden aber immer wieder von feinsandigen, wasserführenden Horizonten durchzogen, die einer hydraulische Grundbruchsgefahr für die Baugrubensohle bedeuten. Strömungsdruck infolge des hydraulischen Gefälles kann in verschiedenen Formen die auch stark überkonsolidierten steifen Schluff/Tone in ihrer Kohäsion derart schwächen, daß ein Wasserdurchtritt mit nachfolgendem Feinteiltransport beginnt. Die Arten des hydraulischen Grundbruches werden phänomenologisch dargelegt und bodenphysikalisch zu erklären versucht.

An older adult affordable housing community and a Federally Qualified Health Center partnered to improve the health of low-income older adults. The Unite Care Model included establishing onsite primary care, wellness support, and social needs assistance. The RE-AIM framework guided our mixed-methods evaluation. We sought to determine whether the model was associated with change in blood pressure, social or physical environment and understand model reach and implementation. Of the 251 residents, 13.1% had a clinic visit, and of respondents 70% attended at least one wellness event, and 35% received social needs assistance (reach). Clinic utilization was not associated with improved blood pressure or environment change (effectiveness). Residents reported barriers to clinic utilization including an established provider, uncertainty in transferring care, lack of urgent visits, and insurance barriers. Administrators echoed policy, staffing, and patient barriers to utilization (implementation). Expanding appointment options, increasing staffing, and overcoming insurance barriers may increase effectiveness.

We aim to characterize the nearby (23.78 pc), low-mass planetary system GJ,7 (TOI-198), which consists of an M0-type star and a terrestrial planet. Using photometric data from three sectors of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite TESS ) and a follow-up on the planetary transit observed by the Characterizing ExOPlanets Satellite ( CHEOPS ), along with 87 precise radial velocities obtained with the Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanets and Stable Spectroscopic Observations (ESPRESSO) spectrograph, we confidently confirm the planet and infer its properties. Planet GJ,7,b has a mass of M_p = 3.17 ^ +0.64 _ -0.65 M_⊕ and a radius of R_p = 1.36 ± 0.13 R_⊕. It orbits at a distance of a = 0.0675 ^ +0.0067 _ -0.0082 au from its host star with an orbital period of P = 10.215213 ^ +0.000011 _ -0.000010 d. We impose a 3σ upper limit on the planetary eccentricity of e łe 0.15. These parameters imply that GJ,7,b has a high density, ̊ho_p = 6.89 ^ +4.27 _ -2.78 g,cm -3 $, positioning it within the region of the rocky, Earth-like planets on the mass--radius diagram and interior to the inner edge of the habitable zone around its parent star. Additionally, we find that the host star is a slow rotator and is slightly metal-depleted ( Fe/H = -0.66 ± 0.10 dex), making GJ,7 one of the few planetary systems accurately characterized in the domain of subsolar iron abundances. TESS photometry does not show additional transit-like features attributable to planets with radii greater than ≈90,% that of Earth. The high number of radial velocity measurements enables us to determine that possible transiting and non-transiting planet candidates with masses lower than half the mass of GJ,7,b would have eluded detection in our in-depth study. The stellar activity, although moderate, shows a significant radial velocity amplitude of about 4 m,s$^ -1 and poses a challenge for detecting planets with masses lower than Earth around GJ,7.

M dwarfs are the most abundant stars in the Galaxy, and their low masses make them natural favourites for exoplanet radial-velocity (RV) searches. Nevertheless, these stars often demonstrate strong stellar activity that is yet to be fully understood. We used high-precision ESPRESSO, HIRES, and HARPS spectroscopy to perform a stellar-activity analysis on the nearby early M dwarf GJ 526 ( d = 5.4 pc). We carried out a joint modelling of (i) the stellar rotation in RV, full width at half maximum (FWHM), and Mount Wilson S-index through Gaussian processes; (ii) long-term trends in these three physical quantities; and (iii) RV planetary signals. We constrained the stellar-rotation period to P rot = 48.7 ± 0.3 d, and discovered a weak sinusoidal signature in RV, FWHM, and S-index of period P cyc = 1680 −40 +50 d. We propose phase-space trajectories between RV and activity indicators as a novel means to visualise and interpret stellar activity. Current evidence does not support planetary companions of GJ 526.

Project acceleration has been growing as a common demand construction projects. This creates challenges to project management in managing project budgets to ensure work quality and eliminate work accidents throughout the project. To address this issue, this study aims to offer a conceptual framework in integrating the cost of quality (COQ) with the cost of safety (COS) estimation method as a model that can be used by project management to optimize resource allocation by providing accident prevention measures and evaluating quality failures. This study conducts a qualitative method through systematic literature review about COQ and COS to formulate a conceptual framework for integrating COQ and COS using risk management framework. This paper found three major reason that integrating COS and COQ are feasible. (1) Quality failures and safety incidents have common precursor issues, (2) Quality and safety could be analyse using risk management perspective, and (3) Quality and safety cost are using similar estimation methods. This integrated COQ and COS model using risk management perspective would provide a conceptual framework for future research in integrating quality and safety management.

While 5G networks have revolutionized daily life and industrial applications, their signal propagation mechanisms face persistent challenges that limit performance. This paper systematically investigates the application of complex function theory to address these challenges and enhance 5G signal propagation. With cases, it analyzes the theory, demonstrating its benefits in enhancing signal processing precision, optimizing network coverage, and ensuring system stability. However, practical implementation challenges are identified, including: ideal models dont match real hardware, analytical methods are too complex for real-time tasks, and theres a gap between math and algorithms. To solve these, solutions like model correction (to address hardware non-idealities), the adoption of high-precision hardware and robust algorithms (to reduce computational complexity), and machine learning techniques (to bridge the math-algorithm gap) are proposed. This research provides a comprehensive framework for leveraging complex function theory to optimize 5G signal propagation, while also highlighting the necessity for future studies to validate these findings with real-world data and testing under extreme conditions.

Given the evidence pointing to the psychological and developmental benefits of educational approaches that allow for student autonomy, consent, and self-direction, schooling approaches identified as self-directed education (SDE) are poised to contribute meaningfully to contemporary discourse relative to school reform. Yet parents and teachers know little about how schooling approaches that center student autonomy are able to foster learning, student wellness, and career and college readiness. Thus, the authors conducted a document analysis of SDE practitioner-expert publications that contained rich, contextual narratives of student experiences, asking, “How do SDE practitioner-experts describe student learning, well-being, and future readiness?” Findings indicated that students had the flexibility to pursue a wide range of unique pathways for both academic and nonacademic learning, that the settings provided positive support for physical and mental wellness, and that students were adequately prepared for postsecondary success.