Burman University

Purpose: This paper’s research question is: How does artificial intelligence impact the main elements of public relations strategies: communication objectives, target audiences, brand positioning, and creative concepts (art and message)? Methodology: To answer this question, we conducted a literature review about how this technology impacts the marketing industry, branding campaigns, and public relations strategies. Then, we resorted to Brand Finance’s “Middle East 150” report and defined 20 indicators to quantitively analyze how the Middle East’s 10 most valuable brands used artificial intelligence to enhance their public relations strategies. Findings: Our results revealed that the three most respected indicators were the use of several target audiences simultaneously (78), impactful images (74), and storytelling (73). The brands respecting the most criteria were Sabic and Stc. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Companies must use this technology to revisit the public relations profession and implement more credible branding models based on sharing meaningful content that improves stakeholders’ lives. We recommend brands to integrate artificial intelligence professionally into their public relations departments, recruit experts in this area, update their communication plans, and implement new internal practices and indicators guiding public relations campaigns.

Abstract Peromyscus sonoriensis is a widespread species ranging from southern Texas to the Yukon, from the Mississippi to the Pacific. Because of this extensive range, there are substantial differences in morphology due to variation in temperature, precipitation, and habitat. We used 2 data sets (n = 4,840 and n = 20,175) to study morphological differences of their crania and appendages. Consistent with Allen’s rule (shorter appendages with colder temperature), both data sets show a strong, positive, correlation between tail length and the average January temperature. However, there was an equally strong, but negative, correlation between tail length and average July temperature. We observed similar results for feet and crania. Ear length had a significant negative correlation with July average temperature but no correlation with January average temperature. When we controlled for temperature, cranial and appendage length increased with latitude, which was opposite of what we expected. Furthermore, longitude had a strong impact as mice trapped further west had longer appendages. When divided into habitats, forest deer mice are more likely than prairie or desert deer mice to demonstrate morphological responses to differences in climate, location, and year trapped. Our results show that P. sonoriensis exhibit notable morphological variation linked to location, habitat, and climate.

This essay surveys C. S. Lewis’s statement and critique of British education as found in “Screwtape Proposes a Toast” (Lewis, 1961) and other works within his oeuvre. In this short story, Lewis elaborates on the state of education in postwar English society through the eyes of his protagonist: a demon. In distilling Lewis’s Christian philosophy of education, the essay explores individuality, differentiation, and various correlated themes in juxtaposition to extant literature on twentieth-century educational reform. Having the educational impact of Christian tenets as the common denominator, the essay concludes with individuality and differentiation standing at the core of Christian education.

Despite extensive musicological writings on J. S. Bach’s sacred cantatas, little space is dedicated to the musical portrayal of the Christian doctrine of parousia (παρουσία)—Christ’s return, or second advent. This study considers the parousia concept within eighteenth-century German Lutheranism, contemplating its dichotomous fearful and hopeful interpretations. It also explores its implications for the doctrinal notions of death, judgement, and salvation, among other correlated themes as they appear in Bach’s cantatas BWV 70, 90, and 140. This essay analyzes various renditions of these themes in the cantatas along with their rhetorical and musical rendering, with the intent of distilling Bach’s perspectives of Christ’s second coming.

Alberta’s Teaching Quality Standard requires that all teachers possess and apply a foundational knowledge of Indigenous Peoples to their teaching. In 2020, representatives from ten Alberta teacher education programs came together to examine how they were braiding and weaving Indigenous ways of knowing, being, and doing into their programs. They also considered the challenges and successes encountered and the ways programs might work together to improve and combat anti-Indigenous racism. Drawing upon a collective case study methodology, representatives responsible for the design and delivery of Indigenous education within each of the programs completed an 18-question survey. Results demonstrate the Teaching Quality Standard (Alberta Education, 2018) served as a catalyst for deepening Indigenous ways of knowing, being and doing in preservice teacher training. The levels of integration are examined through the concept of differentiation (Tomlinson & Imbeau, 2010) and Kanu’s (2011) five levels of integration. Keywords: Indigenous ways of knowing, being and doing, teacher education programs, Teaching Quality Standard La norme de qualité pour l'enseignement de l'Alberta exige que tous les enseignants possèdent et appliquent une connaissance fondamentale des peuples autochtones dans leur enseignement. En 2020, des représentants de dix programmes de formation des enseignants de l'Alberta se sont réunis pour examiner la façon dont ils intègrent à leurs programmes les façons autochtones de savoir, d'être et de faire. Ils se sont également penchés sur les défis et les réussites rencontrés et sur les façons dont les programmes pourraient collaborer pour améliorer et combattre le racisme anti-autochtone. En s'appuyant sur une méthodologie d'étude de cas collective, les représentants responsables de la conception et de la prestation de l'éducation portant sur les autochtones dans chacun des programmes ont répondu à un sondage de 18 questions. Les résultats démontrent que la norme de qualité de l'enseignement (Alberta Education, 2018) a servi de catalyseur pour approfondir les façons autochtones de savoir, d'être et de faire dans la formation initiale des enseignants. Les niveaux d'intégration sont examinés à travers le concept de différenciation (Tomlinson et Imbeau, 2010) et les cinq niveaux d'intégration de Kanu (2011). Mots clés : Façons autochtones de savoir, d'être et de faire; programmes de formation des enseignants; norme de qualité pour l'enseignement