Candid

The substantial damage to homes and infrastructure in Australia rekindles the push for improved governance frameworks and adaptive policy measures. Coordinating efforts across federal, state, and local governments has proven challenging due to policy fragmentation, delayed responses, overlapping roles, and disparities in resource allocation. This study examines the strengths and weaknesses of Australia’s flood risk management (FRM) policies through a qualitative document analysis approach, comparing governance structures with international best practices from countries such as Japan, the Netherlands, and the United States. The findings highlight Australia’s strengths in collaborative governance, targeted funding mechanisms, and advanced technical resources such as flood mapping and real-time monitoring systems. However, key weaknesses include governance fragmentation, inconsistent policy implementation, and insufficient support for rural and regional councils. The study proposes a more integrated and adaptive governance framework incorporating cross-jurisdictional coordination, enhanced stakeholder engagement, and sustainable investment strategies. The results contribute to policy discussions on flood risk governance by offering recommendations for strengthening institutional resilience and improving disaster preparedness. By addressing governance inefficiencies and adopting international best practices, Australia can develop a more cohesive and adaptive FRM system to mitigate future flood risks.

This pilot test was conducted to assess the reliability of measurement instruments used to analyze the interrelationships of Employee CSR Awareness (ECSRA), Individual Spiritual Quotient (ISQ), Individual Resilience (IR), and Employee CSR Engagement (ECSRE) in Malaysia's water utility sector. A preliminary psychometric assessment of the adapted scales was conducted using data obtained from 30 employees. Cronbach's alpha was used to test internal consistency reliability with SPSS Version 30. All constructs had alpha coefficients more than the suggested value of 0.70, indicating excellent internal reliability. These findings confirm that the instruments are statistically sound and suitable for use in the full-scale investigation, which will investigate the structural links among the variables.

With a rapid change in the market environmental factors of the developing economies, uncertainty raises on the outcomes of the strategies employed by business organizations. The thrust of this paper therefore, was to examine how environmental dynamism interacts the link between Customer Relationship Management strategic practices namely CRM organisation, customer orientation, technology-based CRM, customer knowledge management; and performance of commercial banks in Tanzania. The study employed a cross sectional explanatory design, utilizing deductive approach and quantitative method. Yamane’s rule was used to establish the sample size for commercial banks. Data were collected using a survey technique from 272 employees across various departments including customer relationship, customer service, operations, marketing and sales, information and communication technology (ICT), credit, and management of commercial banks in Tanzania. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) through Smart PLS version 4.0.9.5. The study revealed that environmental dynamism positively moderates the influence of CRM organization and customer knowledge management on commercial banks’ performance, while negatively moderating the effect of technology-based CRM and customer orientation variables. Results also indicate that three constructs namely customer knowledge management, CRM organization, and technology-based CRM have a positive significant influence on performance of commercial banks. In contrast, customer orientation demonstrated a positive but non-significant effect. This implies that to enhance performance in the settings of environmental dynamism, commercial banks’ management should continue investing in customer knowledge management, CRM organization and technology-based CRM strategies. Conversely, they should reconsider investment in customer orientation, as it was found to have non-significant contribution to performance.

The article is devoted to clarifying the socio-legal significance of social protection of military personnel through the prism of the modern concept of ensuring social security of the state. It is established that social protection of military personnel is an objectification of the social function of the state and society through their activities, which are aimed at implementing a system of guarantees (social, legal, economic, etc.) that ensure the protection of the constitutional rights and freedoms of military personnel in peacetime and in special periods, as well as meeting their material, spiritual and professional needs, taking into account the special nature of their duties, which involve increased risk to life and health, special psychophysiological loads, and at the same time - restrictions on their rights and freedoms, which must be compensated by social protection measures, contributing to a decent life of military personnel during service (to the extent that this can be practically achieved), as well as after the completion of military service. In view of this, the author emphasizes that the social protection of military personnel is characterized by a set of characteristic features, including the following: the presence of a special regulatory and legal basis for the mechanism of social protection of military personnel; institutional support and legal certainty of the conditions (also sufficient grounds) of social protection of military personnel guaranteed by the state; integrity and systematicity of social protection measures for military personnel, consistent with the goals and objectives of ensuring the social security of the state; accessibility, adaptability and flexibility of social protection measures for military personnel; coverage of social protection of military personnel of a special category of social risks, characterized by a preventive approach; preventive focus of social protection of military personnel; provision of social support to military personnel in the period after the completion of their military service. It is established that the socio-legal significance of social protection of military personnel in Ukraine in the context of ensuring the social security of the state is manifested in the following: firstly, social protection of military personnel plays an extremely important role in preventing and minimizing social risks that may arise as a result of military service and after its completion; secondly, social protection of military personnel prevents and counteracts the social exclusion of military personnel; thirdly, social protection of military personnel contributes to ensuring equal opportunities in society. It is also emphasized that social protection of military personnel is characterized by an indirect socio-legal impact on a number of other circumstances of reality that affect the social security of the modern state: firstly, support for the family and motherhood (fatherhood), which also contributes to demographic growth, supporting the birth rate in Ukraine; secondly, increasing the effectiveness of the functioning of the system of protection of socially vulnerable categories of the population, to which a military serviceman may be attributed (for example, persons of pre-retirement age, persons with special family responsibilities, persons with disabilities, etc.); thirdly, developing the socio-legal regime of social security of the state in general and the social security infrastructure in the state, in particular; fourthly, reducing the level of social tension.

Анотація. У статті висвітлено процеси становлення і розвитку шкільної освіти в Гуцульському етнографічному регіоні Українських Карпат упродовж XVIII–XX ст., тобто від часів Речі Посполитої та Австро-Угорщини до проголошення незалежності України в 1991 році. Підкреслюється, що шкільна освіта на Гуцульщині у досліджуваний період, як і у всій Західній Україні, перебувала під особливим контролем колонізаторської влади. Це пояснювалось важливим значенням шкільництва у збереженні мовної ідентичності та національному самоутвердженні українців цього краю, боротьбі за національну і політичну свободу. Схарактеризовано періодизацію розвитку шкільної справи на Гуцульщині з точки зору сучасних наукових досліджень історії освітянського руху Західної України. Розкрито внесок науковців закладів вищої освіти та науково-дослідних установ Карпатського регіону у розвиток педагогічного гуцульщинознавства. У статті розглядаються в історичній ретроспективі особливості розвитку освіти, становлення мережі загальноосвітніх і професійних шкіл, гімназій на території усіх трьох частин Гуцульщини – Галицької, Буковинської і Закарпатської. Висвітлюється поява перших парафіяльних та державних шкіл на Гуцульщині наприкінці XVIII ст., відкриття перших фахових шкіл наприкінці ХІХ ст. Звертається увага на важливість започаткування системи національної освіти у період Західноукраїнської Народної Республіки, труднощі у здобутті освіти для гуцульських дітей у міжвоєнний період та часи Другої світової війни, становище освіти на Гуцульщині у період радянського режиму. Підкреслюється, що останні два століття характеризувались боротьбою за розвиток національної освіти на Гуцульщині, зародженням гуцульщинознавства як напряму наукових досліджень, появою яскравої когорти педагогів-подвижників, які у важких умовах відстоювали права гуцулів на рідну школу. Зроблено висновки про те, що активна громадянська позиція освітян Гуцульщини напередодні проголошення незалежності України помітно сприяла формуванню у мешканців краю усвідомлення необхідності боротьби за незалежну соборну державу.

Annotation: The article examines the analysis of the competitiveness of the banking sector of the Kyrgyz Republic as a factor of sustainability in a crisis. It should be noted that the indicators of competitiveness of banking activities provided by the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic and the National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic have certain discrepancies, which, in our opinion, is due to different calculation methodology. In this regard, we will rely on the complexity of the study of statistical information.

Global shifts in the geopolitical, environmental, demographic, and technological landscape are introducing unprecedented levels of uncertainty into labor markets and employment relations. With the world waiting for answers, the onus is on management scholars to offer new theoretical approaches and evidence-based insights that might allow managers, policymakers, and labor leaders to more effectively and collaboratively meet the challenges presented (AOM, 2022). This global shift also demands that organizations and organizational scholars pay greater attention to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) practices. Research on DEI practices has been conducted primarily on mono-cultural Western-oriented or “WEIRD” (i.e., Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, & Democratic; Henrich, 2021) countries (Nishi & ?zbilgin, 2007; Rad et al., 2018). However, legislative frameworks, political, societal, religious, and governance factors result in DEI practices that vary from country to country and differ considerably from the West (?zbilgin & Syed, 2010; Klarsfeld et al., 2022). Countries in the South Asian region—Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka—are multicultural developing economies that vary widely along various factors, including education, democracy, and degree of industrialization, among others. The South Asian region is also home to three (i.e., India, Pakistan, & Bangladesh) of the world's most- populated countries (Neufeld, 2021; Worldometer, 2023), and has become increasingly critical to the global economy (IMF, 2019). Yet, there is a dearth of research on DEI in South Asia (Saifuddin et al., 2022; Syed & Pio, 2013), which not only restricts our knowledge, but also hampers our field’s ability to provide guidance to organizations, governments, and other stakeholders on how to structure and implement effective DEI policies and programs. Decolonizing the Mind: Reclaiming the Past to Reframe the Future Author: Samina M. Saifuddin; Morgan State U. Striving for Inclusive Organizations–The Importance of Context: Evidence from MNC Subsidiaries Author: Sana Ahmed; Henley Business School, U. of Reading, United Kingdom Contextualizing the Wheel of Privilege in the Case of Nepal Author: Alina Spanuth; U. Autónoma de Barcelona Symbolic Women's Leadership in Bangladesh: Combating the Patriarchal Culture and Mindset Author: Faria Rashid; George Mason U. Author: Samina M. Saifuddin; Morgan State U. Comparing Women’s Workforce Diversity, Equality, and Inclusion in South and East Asia Author: Hyunji Yi; - Embracing Diversity: South Asian Organizational Traditions and Lessons for Global DEI Practices Author: Salma Akther; Louisiana State U. Author: MUHAMMAD RUHUL AMIN; PhD in Management Candidate

The paper considers the problem of effective use of educational resources in conditions of a limited budget, with an emphasis on the experience of economic planning in education. In modern conditions, many educational institutions face financial difficulties, which requires the development of strategies for the optimal allocation and use of available resources. The article analyzes the key principles and methods of economic planning aimed at improving the effectiveness of the educational process without increasing costs. Special attention is paid to practical examples and successful cases from various educational systems demonstrating the possibilities of improving the quality of education through rational resource management. Recommendations are also offered on the implementation of these methods at the school and university levels, as well as considering the potential of digital technologies and innovative approaches to achieve these goals.