Careers Europe

BackgroundBangladesh faces significant challenges in accurately documenting causes of death (COD), largely due to incomplete vital registration systems, which lack COD reporting. A substantial number of deaths occur outside health facilities, often without medical certification, leading to further gaps in mortality data. Verbal autopsy (VA) has emerged as a viable method in low-resource settings to bridge this gap. We aimed to explore the feasibility and appropriateness of using VA by tracking burial records’ contact information to enhance mortality documentation and inform health policies in the graveyards of urban Bangladesh.MethodsWe employed an exploratory design using both quantitative and qualitative methods. We conducted VAs using the contact details from six graveyards’ burial records of Dhaka North City Corporation in Bangladesh, identifying participants through random sampling. In-depth interviews with data collectors, graveyard managers, and study participants provided insights into the feasibility and challenges of this process. We collected the data using the World Health Organization VA tool and assigned CODs using the InSilicoVA algorithm, applying thematic analysis to qualitative findings. We compared mortality trends with national data sets.ResultsWe conducted 531 VAs using the contact information from burial site records in Dhaka North City Corporation graveyards, with sub-optimal consent rates varying by location. The leading CODs were acute respiratory infections (21%) and cardiac disease (19%), demonstrating the practicality of obtaining COD from the VA, and the feasibility of collecting burial records and contact details, if consent rates could be improved. Qualitative findings indicated that using burial records for such data collection faces obstacles, including low response rates, socioeconomic disparities in participation, difficulty finding contacts, and sampling inconsistencies.ConclusionsWe are the first to explore VA using contact information from burial records in urban Bangladesh. While the approach shows promise, the current feasibility results are of limited value without substantially improving consent coverage, representativeness, and standardisation. Only with these improvements can this method meaningfully strengthen COD documentation and provide reliable insights into population-level mortality trends.

This study assesses the adoption and satisfaction of 333 National Helpline, a government initiative enhancing public service and citizen engagement, among marginalized communities in Bangladesh. The suggested paradigm extended the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Data were gathered from 352 respondents, and Structural Equation Modeling was employed to analyze the data. The study finds that while performance expectancy has a minimal impact, effort expectancy, service quality, perceived trust, and data security significantly influence the adoption of 333 National Helpline. Trust and data security are critical for engaging marginalized populations, supporting the government's goals of digital inclusivity and smart governance. This study enriches the literature on technology adoption and public service delivery by analyzing non-emergency helpline dynamics in a developing country, emphasizing the importance of user satisfaction and service quality for successful adoption.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are an innovative technology that can be used in critical situations such as battlefields as well as commercial applications including buildings, traffic monitoring, smart homes, habitat monitoring, and more. A wireless sensor network (WSN) comprises small nodes capable of wireless sensing, processing, and communication. One of the most pressing concerns plaguing WSNs today is security. This paper suggests and investigates an energy-efficient cluster head (CH) selection approach using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) (called WOA-Clustering (WOA-C)) and the Geographic and Energy Aware Routing Algorithm (GEAR). As a result, the suggested method simplifies the decision-making process of energy-aware CHs by utilizing the fitness function that assesses node residual energy and the total energy of neighbouring nodes. Compared to the GWO-C, GABEEC, and PSOMSB protocols, the proposed WOA-GEAR protocol consumes 28%, 22%, and 7.5% less power. The suggested algorithm's network lifetime, power efficiency, buffer occupancy, throughput, and end-to-end latency were evaluated.

Downlink transmission techniques for multiuser (MU) multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems have been comprehensively studied during the last two decades. The well‐known low complexity linear precoding schemes are currently deployed in long‐term evolution (LTE) networks. However, these schemes exhibit serious shortcomings in scenarios when users’ channels are strongly correlated. The nonlinear precoding schemes show better performance, but their complexity is prohibitively high for a real‐time implementation. Two‐stage precoding schemes, proposed in the standardization process for 5G new radio (5G NR), combine these two approaches and present a reasonable trade‐off between computational complexity and performance degradation. Before applying the precoding procedure, users should be properly allocated into beamforming subgroups. Yet, the optimal solution for user selection problem requires an exhaustive search which is infeasible in practical scenarios. Suboptimal user grouping approaches have been mostly focused on capacity maximization through greedy user selection. Recently, overlapping user grouping concept was introduced. It ensures that each user is scheduled in at least one beamforming subgroup. To the best of our knowledge, the existing two‐stage precoding schemes proposed in literature have not considered overlapping user grouping strategy that solves user selection, ordering, and coverage problem simultaneously. In this paper, we present a two‐stage precoding technique for MU‐MIMO based on the overlapping user grouping approach and assess its computational complexity and performance in IoT‐oriented 5G environment. The proposed solution deploys two‐stage precoding in which linear zero forcing (ZF) precoding suppresses interference between the beamforming subgroups and nonlinear Tomlinson‐Harashima precoding (THP) mitigates interuser interference within subgroups. The overlapping user grouping approach enables additional capacity improvement, while ZF‐THP precoding attains balance between the capacity gains and suffered computational complexity. The proposed algorithm achieves up to 45% higher MU‐MIMO system capacity with lower complexity order in comparison with two‐stage precoding schemes based on legacy user grouping strategies.

This practitioner-based article examines the ways in which educatorparent identity has been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Taking the findings from Shifting Identities: A Mixed Methods Study of the Experiences of Teachers Who Are Also Parents (2016), and viewing them from the perspective of 'lockdown', the article aims to provide responses to the following questions: 1) What are the features of role enrichment and role conflict experienced by UK educators and parents between March and May 2020? 2) What opportunities and fresh perspectives arise from these experiences which could inform future practice and developments for educators and researchers? The article lays out the unique nature of the current context before going on to outline the research methodology and philosophical assumptions underlying the work. It then goes on to establish some key principles before examining the elements of role conflict and role enrichment experienced by educator parents. The article concludes that may of the core values and principles, as well as the practical ways forward, are more vital than ever and provides some practical suggestions for how educator-parents might feel better equipped to manage their merging roles.

Objective: To assess the reach and effectiveness of mobile dental vans as a delivery method for providing oral healthcare access to people of low socioeconomic status.Methods: A literature review was conducted to identify mobile delivery methods of oral healthcare, the basic aim of which was to address the increasing oral health disparity concern. Forty one articles met the inclusion criteria. Out of the 41 articles, only 7 analysed the coverage and reach of the mobile dental clinics. Data was compiled from the literature in order to assess, evaluate and compare the different mobile dental care delivery methods in dentistry.Results: There is an association between transportation barrier and lack of access to oral healthcare. Thus, mobile dentistry helps deliver dental care to vulnerable populations.Conclusion: Mobile dental clinics are effective methods in improving access to oral healthcare among people of low socioeconomic status, which can be taken as an example for Pakistan in order to increase overall oral healthcare access.

This paper considers Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) downlink scheduling procedure in Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular networks. In particular, the relationship between Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) and MIMO utilization in LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems was examined using the statistical analysis. Data was collected from mature mobile network deployed in typical frequency bands for LTE FDD used in Europe - Band 3, Band 7 and Band 20. Obtained numerical results showed the significant correlation between reported CQI value and MIMO utilization.

Leichsenring, Falk DSc; Liliengren, Peter PhD; Lindqvist, Karin MSc; Mechler, Jakob MSc; Falkenstöm, Fredrik PhD; Philips, Björn PhD; Steinert, Christiane PhD; Abbass, Allan MD Author Information

“I was really excited to be able to start fresh and establish my identity right away,” Elise Wantling says about starting college. “Instead of people seeing me as who I used to be—this very religious and quiet girl who from one day to the next turned into a really loud queer person—people

Given the assumption that all methods of exercise, e.g., endurance (ET), resistance (RT), or combination of both (E+R), can induce a beneficial effect size (ES) for changes in body composition and health status of individuals who are overfat. Thus the aim and purpose of this study is to evaluate the current body of knowledge to address the question as to the impact that the duration of exercise has on its relative effectiveness for inducing health and body compositional changes in individuals who are overfat to assist with developing periodized exercise protocols and establishing short and long term goals. A tiered meta-analysis of 92-studies and 200-exercise groupings were used for establishing pooled ES within and between groupings based on the increments of 4-week of duration and study designs of ≤8, 9-16, 17-23, 24-36, and ≥36 weeks. Analysis based on random-effect of response indicates a continuum of effectiveness within and between ET, RT and E+R based on duration. Where beneficial effectiveness is not indicated for any measures until after 8-weeks of continuous training with progressive effectiveness being noted in changes to cardiorespiratory fitness, inflammatory cytokines, and alteration of metabolic status from 12-weeks through 32-weeks of continuous training. Results indicate a greater ES for RT and E+R versus ET early in intervention that equalizes with longer durations. Supporting the use of RT and E+R within a periodized program. And secondarily, goals should be established first on performance gains and second body composition or health status modifications for the individual who is overfat.