Central Party School of the Communist Party of China

In the Middle Jurassic, whether the Bangong-Nujiang Tethys Ocean extended eastward from the central Tibetan Plateau into western Yunnan, China, thereby separating the Tengchong and Baoshan blocks, remains unresolved. Middle Jurassic carbonate rocks of the Liuwan Formation of the Baoshan Block provide essential insights. This study examines the petrography, rare earth element and yttrium (REE+Y) geochemistry, and strontium isotopic composition of the Liuwan Formation limestones to determine their depositional environment and tectonic setting. Results indicate that these carbonate rocks show no significant recrystallization or dissolution. REE+Y patterns show light-REE enrichment, slightly positive La and Ce anomalies, a minimal Eu anomaly, and a Y anomaly, all indicating open marine conditions. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios range from 0.707287 to 0.707554 (averaging 0.707365) and are slightly higher than those of coeval seawater. These geochemical signatures suggest a depositional environment between open marine and restricted settings, influenced by freshwater influx and volcanic activity, indicating an ocean separating the Baoshan and Tengchong blocks. Tectonic proxies suggest a stable passive margin for the Baoshan Block and a subduction-related tectonic/depositional setting for the Tengchong Block. Subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean beneath the Tengchong Block explains these distinct tectonic settings. Correlations among 87Sr/86Sr values and REE+Y geochemistry of the Liuwan Formation reveal paleoceanographic characteristics of the ancient subducted ocean and the contributions from multiple sources. These findings support the existence of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean between the Tengchong and Baoshan blocks during the Middle Jurassic, enhancing our understanding of eastern Tethys paleogeography and evolution.

Carbon information disclosure (CID), as a key dimension of sustainability reporting, remains underexplored regarding its value relevance versus its role in impression management. Using text-based content analysis of A-share listed firms on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2007 to 2021, this study constructs a multidimensional CID quality index. The results show that CID significantly inhibits asset mispricing through strengthening corporate reputation and enhancing information transparency. In terms of economic significance, a one-standard-deviation increase in CID reduces the degree of mispricing by approximately 8.36%. This effect is more pronounced among firms with greater media exposure, higher digital transformation, and stronger investor attention. This study extends the literature on the economic consequences of CID by moving beyond firm-level outcomes to examine capital market dynamics and enriches the determinants of asset mispricing by introducing a sustainability reporting. It provides new insights for policymakers promoting high-quality CID in support of sustainable development.

People’s Multiparty Democracy (PMPD), propounded by People’s Leader Madan Bhandari, has had a profound influence on Nepal’s political trajectory since its conceptual articulation in the late 1980s and its formal adoption by the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) at its Fifth General Convention in 1993. As a distinct ideological innovation, this doctrine has revitalized the communist movement in Nepal providing a democratic framework capable of accommodating democratic aspirations. This study critically examines PMPD as a unique, Nepali version of Marxism. Employing a mixed methodology that combines qualitative analysis, historical inquiry, and autobiographical reflection, the research draws on both primary and secondary sources, as well as the author’s lived experience as a participant-ideologue in the development of PMPD under Bhandari’s leadership. The findings underscore PMPD not merely as a Nepali version of Marxism but as a democratically grounded and ideologically inclusive framework. Moreover, PMPD is presented as an outmatched alternative to both one-party communist authoritarianism and neoliberal capitalist imperialism— offering a model in which state power remains subject to periodic democratic validation, protection of human rights, and the pursuit of socio-economic justice. As PMPD continues to evolve as a progressive ideological paradigm, it holds significant potential to reinvigorate the global communist movement through its synthesis of Marxist-Leninist principles, democratic pluralism, and key elements of New Democracy.

IntroductionDans ses mémoires intitulés Au fil de ma vie, parus à Tunis en 1972, Mohamed-Salah Mzali ne consacre à son mandat de « chef du gouvernement » (chapitre 9) que 19 pages sur un total de 3802. La brièveté du récit a surpris beaucoup de lecteurs qui s’attendaient à des développements plus longs et plus détaillés sur cette phase cruciale de la vie de

Abstract Prior literature highlights democracies' struggle to cope with today's rapid socio‐economic changes, contrasting with more adept responses in authoritarian systems. This study makes a first attempt to explain the perceived speediness in an authoritarian setting. By focusing on Beijing's digital service request system, Jiesu Jiban , we argue that in creating request categories, standardizing cadres' reactions to requests, and designing decision pathways, Jiesu Jiban is not only an instrument to deal with increasing complexity and acceleration of socio‐economic development, but the system itself also creates acceleration. It does so by categorizing, specifying, and standardizing service requests and response procedures and by channeling these through a digital infrastructure. We show that the datafication of governing citizens' request increases pressure for frontline administrators co‐producing a system of responsibility without accountability for the central government.

In the new period, the construction of the rural grass-roots party organization has always been an important aspect of the party work. The rural grass-roots party organization is an important link for the party to contact the broad masses of farmers and is an important force in promoting rural economic and social development. In recent years, the party organization in the rural grass-roots construction of continuous practice and exploration has achieved remarkable results. In the practice and exploration of the construction of rural grass-roots party organizations in the new period, we should constantly sum up the experience, further improve the system and mechanism, improve the cohesion and organizational force of the party organizations, and make greater contributions to the rural development and rural revitalization.

Background: Vaccination is one of the most effective public health interventions for preventing infectious diseases. In regions like Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, where access to healthcare is limited, immunization coverage often remains below optimal levels. Targeted outreach activities can play a pivotal role in improving vaccine uptake, particularly in underserved populations. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of immunization outreach activities in increasing vaccine coverage in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa over a defined period. Methods: A comprehensive methodological approach was utilized involving predefined Excel sheets for daily data collection by trained personnel. Data validation procedures were implemented to ensure accuracy, with regular feedback sessions to improve data collection processes. Monthly reports were compiled and analyzed using SPSS version 25 to summarize immunization activities and coverage rates. The outreach strategy included community announcements and door-to-door campaigns by Local Health Workers (LHWs), designed to identify and vaccinate zero-dose and defaulting children. Results: The outreach campaign significantly improved immunization coverage, with zero-dose vaccinations achieving 100% coverage. Penta I, II, and III vaccines saw coverage rates of 78.99%, 72.48%, and 78.02%, respectively. Measles vaccines MCV-I and MCV-II achieved coverage rates of 83.01% and 86.11%. The overall strategy effectively reduced gaps in vaccine coverage across various districts. Conclusion: The study confirms that structured and well-coordinated outreach activities can effectively increase immunization coverage in areas with limited healthcare access. Continuous effort and strategic planning are essential to sustain and build upon these gains to ensure comprehensive vaccine coverage.