Chelyabinsk State University

Meaningful reading and analysis of absurdist literary works to foster intellectual maturity, philosophical reflection, and aesthetic sensitivity – qualities essential for humanities education in the 21st century. However, the study of absurdist literature in universities is often limited to a small set of texts, with virtually no works written by contemporary Russian authors that are temporally closer to modern readers. The aim of this paper is to highlight the originality of absurdist texts in contemporary literature by analyzing the poetry of Russian bards from the late 20th to early 21st centuries. Using the example of Venya D’rkin's poem "The Cat" and a chronotopic analysis from the perspective of mythopoetics, the author identifies key genre characteristics of absurdist literary: the merging of sacred and everyday temporality, the fragmentary nature of artistic space, and the development of mythological and folkloric motifs.

Nonlinear optical materials designed for mid‐infrared applications gain increasing interest in photonics and quantum‐optical research. However, many of these materials remain unexplored in the broad mid‐infrared range due to the limited availability of suitable equipment. Silver thiogallate (AgGaS 2 ) is one of the widely known nonlinear crystals used in mid‐infrared frequency‐conversion applications. While its transmission and refractive indices are well characterized up to 10.6 μm, dispersion properties beyond this wavelength remain unreported. In this work, a quantum‐optical approach is employed to determine the refractive indices of AgGaS 2 across an extended mid‐infrared wavelength range. Correlated photon pairs are generated in the crystal, where one photon in a pair is generated at a near‐infrared wavelength and the other in the mid‐infrared. Due to the correlations, detecting the spectrum of the near‐infrared photons allows inferring the crystal's dispersion properties in the mid‐infrared region up to 21 μm, without the need for infrared light sources or detectors. Sellmeier equations are further proposed that accurately describe both ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices across the entire transparency range of the crystal. The results are consistent with previously reported data below 10 μm and demonstrate the suitability of AgGaS 2 for frequency‐conversion processes over an extended wavelength range.

The article is devoted to the problem of migration in the Russia-Kazakhstan border-zone in 2003-2016. Historiography on this topic is still in its infancy, published works are often interdisciplinary and rely almost on archival funds. Currently, the development of historical research in the field of migration and frontier studies is hampered by an insufficiently studied source base, primarily specialized archival funds and document collections reflecting migration processes in the border-zone, and assessments by regional authorities of the risks associated with border status. To further enhance scientific knowledge on the issue, it is important for the historical community to understand what materials on this issue are available in archives, their potential, and the range of topics that can be studied based on these documents. Thus, the repository of the United State Archive of the Chelyabinsk Region (OGACHO) has a fund of the Main Directorate for Interaction with Law Enforcement and Military Agencies, which revealed valuable documents for the period when cooperation between the Russian and Kazakh sides on the preventing illegal migration and smuggling was intensifying. This occurred against the background of strengthening cooperation between the authorities and security agencies of the Russian and Kazakh regions after the 2003 Forum of Border Regions in Omsk. The materials of the archive fund are limited to 2016, when large-scale reforms of the Ministry of Internal Affairs took place and the accumulated documents were transferred to the archive for safekeeping. The materials of the extended meetings of the FSB Board and the Security Council of the Chelyabinsk region can provide a systematic understanding of cross-border security issues to the historians. During these meetings, the annual work of government and law enforcement agencies was summarized, including various statistical indicators, challenges to cross-border security were outlined and so on. The introduction of these documents into scholarly will help better understand the migration situation on the border with Kazakhstan over the past two decades. Taking into account the limited volume of the manuscript, the author focused primarily on the interactions of enforcement agencies in the Chelyabinsk and Kostanay regions, as well as on the the characteristics of illegal migration and smuggling routes across the border. Such documents are just beginning to be introduced into scholarly, so it is crucial to expand the source base and incorporate data from the archives of other Russian and Kazakh regions to continue the research.

This article discusses the problem of correlating the concept of “moral harm” with the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th revision (ICD-10). The legal definition of harm to health is analyzed, including the effects of psychogenic factors and its medical criteria. The phenomenon is being investigated as the consequences of moral harm, expressed in mental disorders and unsatisfactory physical condition of a person.

Graphynes are a family of two-dimensional carbon materials combining atoms in the sp²- and sp-hybridized state with an ordered arrangement in their structure. One of the promising methods for their synthesis is the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction, which provides the formation of carbon-carbon bonds between an aryl halide and a terminal alkyne. Traditionally, this process is catalyzed by palladium compounds, but in this work, the possibility of synthesizing γ-graphyne using a nickel catalyst is demonstrated for the first time. The synthesis was carried out at a temperature of 60°C for 24 hours, using hexaiodobenzene as an aryl halide component and calcium carbide as a source of acetylene fragments. The use of IR and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of triple carbon-carbon bonds in the obtained material. According to elemental analysis, the carbon content in the sample was 87.51 at.%. The morphology study by scanning electron microscopy revealed a characteristic flaky structure formed by γ-graphyne layers. X-ray phase analysis recorded a shift of the main diffraction maximum to 24.5° 2θ, which differs significantly from the position of the graphite reflection (26.5° 2θ) and indicates a modification of the crystal structure due to the introduction of acetylene bridges.

Background/Objectives: The therapeutic potential of selective trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonists has been established in multiple animal models of depression and anxiety. PTSD is a debilitating psychiatric disorder frequently characterized by anxiety and often comorbid with major depressive disorder. Complex PTSD represents an even more severe clinical presentation, emerging from prolonged or repeated exposure to traumatic events. Recent studies indicate that TAAR1 agonists can attenuate anxiety-like behaviors in experimental models of PTSD; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect remain poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated whether TAAR1 agonism modulates PTSD-related neurochemical and molecular changes within the hippocampus and striatum. Methods: Post-traumatic stress was modeled using predator stress, a validated experimental paradigm relevant to complex PTSD. Treatment consisted of intraperitoneal administration of the TAAR1 agonist LK00764. Monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites were quantified, and the expression of genes implicated in noradrenergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic signaling pathways was assessed. In addition, gene network reconstruction was performed using artificial intelligence to identify TAAR1-dependent regulatory interactions. Results: Treatment with a TAAR1 agonist fully prevented behavioral abnormalities in the experimental model of complex PTSD. Neurochemical analyses revealed decreased 5-HT levels in the hippocampus and reduced dopamine and metabolite concentrations in the striatum following TAAR1 agonism. Moreover, TAAR1 activation was associated with increased expression of the neurotrophic factor BDNF in the striatum. Gene network reconstruction identified a distinct molecular hub within the PTSD network, comprising TAAR1-coexpressed genes, their encoded proteins, and interconnected signaling pathways, suggesting a tightly regulated feedback loop. Conclusions: These findings provide novel evidence that TAAR1 agonists exert protective effects against complex PTSD-related behavioral and neurochemical abnormalities. The reconstructed TAAR1-centered gene network offers mechanistic insight into receptor-dependent regulation of monoaminergic signaling and neuroplasticity, supporting further exploration of TAAR1 agonists as promising therapeutic candidates for PTSD.

The article investigates the linguistic creativity and pragmatic potential of headlines in modern media texts, examining how language means (such as idioms, metaphors, wordplay, and precedent phenomena) are used to attract audience attention and shape a specific perception of the content, thereby fulfilling a media-influencing function. Using examples from headlines in regional media outlets, the study analyzes the techniques employed to capture attention, their verbal representation, and their pragmatic effects. The findings indicate that the use of linguistically creative devices makes headlines more engaging and emotionally appealing, effectively stimulating reader interest. As a result, the headline becomes a powerful tool for conveying the author’s value stance on one hand, and for shaping the reader’s evaluative perspective on the text on the other. The communicative potential of the headline as a mediator between authorial intention and reader interest is realized most effectively when its pragmatic and linguocreative features are taken into account.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which develops in susceptible individuals after life-threatening or traumatizing events, manifests as a heightened anxiety and startle reflex, disordered sleep, nightmares, flashbacks, and avoidance of triggers. Moreover, PTSD is a predictor and independent risk factor of numerous cardiovascular comorbidities, including stroke, myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerosis, and atrial fibrillation. Compounding the direct detrimental effects of PTSD on the cardiovascular system, this condition provokes classical cardiovascular risk factors, including high cholesterol and triglycerides, platelet hyperaggregation, endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and sympathetic hyperactivation. Although most people who have experienced traumatic events do not develop PTSD and are considered PTSD resilient, a substantial minority experience persistent cardiovascular comorbidities. Experimental and clinical studies have revealed a myriad of biomarkers and/or mediators of PTSD susceptibility and resilience, including pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, oxidized proteins and lipids, antioxidants, troponin, catecholamines and their metabolites, glucocorticoids, and pro-coagulation factors. The use of biomarkers to predict cardiovascular susceptibility or resilience to PTSD may stratify the risk of a patient developing cardiovascular complications following severe stress. Indeed, since many PTSD biomarkers either inflict or attenuate cardiovascular damage, these biomarkers can be applied to monitor the efficacy of exercise, dietary modifications, and other interventions to enhance cardiovascular resilience and, thereby, restrict the detrimental effects of PTSD on the cardiovascular system. Biomarker-informed therapy is a promising strategy to minimize the risk and impact of cardiovascular diseases in individuals with PTSD.