Chilean Air Force

Abstract Background Sedentarism is prevalent and associated with poorer mental and physical health. Whether everyday physical activity (PA) maps onto computational decision strategies and brain structure/function in non-elderly adults remains unclear. Methods Seventy-one healthy adults (39 women; 18–45 years) completed the Multi-Source Interference Task (MSIT) during fMRI. PA was quantified with the short IPAQ and participants were classified as Active or Sedentary. Behavior (RT, accuracy) was analyzed with frequentist models and a hierarchical Bayesian drift–diffusion model (DDM) estimating drift rate ( v ), boundary separation ( α ), and non-decision time (τ). First-level fMRI modeled congruent/incongruent trials; group-level analyses used FLAME1 with cluster-wise FWE correction (z>3.1, p <.05). Structural MRI was processed with FreeSurfer 7.4.1 (cortical thickness, hippocampal subfields); surface-based GLMs tested group and DDM effects. Results Active participants responded faster overall; incongruent accuracy showed a speed– accuracy trade-off (accuracy increased with slower RTs), with a significant RT × group interaction. In the DDM, boundary separation ( α ) was higher in sedentary individuals (greater caution), whereas drift rate ( v ) differed by sex (males > females). Structurally, the active group showed larger left hippocampal subfields and thicker cortex in posterior temporal & anterior cingulate regions that are negatively related to α . Functionally, boundary-related BOLD modulation encompassed fusiform, posterior cingulate, superior temporal cortex, and SMA; Active > Sedentary contrasts highlighted left occipital and inferior parietal lobe. Conclusions Everyday PA aligns with lower decision thresholds, select structural advantages, and more efficient task-engaged networks, suggesting PA fosters adaptive, resource-efficient cognitive control. These mechanistic links support PA-based strategies to mitigate risks of sedentarism.

Abstract Introduction: Hallux valgus affects approximately one-third of the population and is characterized by a three-dimensional deformity. This condition can impact performance in sport-related activities. The most suitable surgical option for athletes with hallux valgus remains unclear. The current lack of evidence and studies covering various registration systems and sports makes them non comparable. Objective: This study aims to present evidence regarding the different surgical techniques for hallux valgus and their impact on return to sports. Methods: Two authors conducted a search using PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were articles involving case series published in the English language from 1995 through January 2025. Exclusion criteria were hallux rigidus, traumatic deformity, sesamoid pathology, and review articles. Studies that did not describe the athlete's level of play and the type of sport were also excluded. Results: This review identified eight studies on the surgical correction of hallux valgus in “athletes” published to date. Currently, the evidence supports Chevron osteotomy for mild to moderate deformities and Scarf osteotomy for moderate to severe deformities, both resulting in low recovery time. At best, metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis provides 96% satisfaction in sport-related activities. Conclusion: Chevron and scarf osteotomies are effective surgeries for athletes with minor deformities. For severe hallux valgus, there is no clear consensus, but metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis appears to demonstrate a good result. Future studies need to document activity levels and return to sport to help guide treatment

Structural lumber is designed to meet the technical standards that ensure safety, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. However, some tree species face limitations in their growth, which restricts their widespread use. An example of this is Nothofagus alpina, which has excellent mechanical properties but is not utilized much due to the challenges in extracting its timber and poor utilization, mainly because of the length of the wood. There is little information concerned with the uses and better management of small pieces using Nothofagus species, but it is still insufficient. This study investigates the adhesion performance of green-glued finger joints with varying wood ring orientations and moisture contents ranging from 21% to 25% using Nothofagus alpina. The primary aim is to assess how ring orientation and wet timber affect the green gluing process for creating larger wood pieces than sawn wood. The resulting products could meet the standards for wood serviceability number three for native Chilean wood. The findings indicate that finger joint performance improves with higher timber moisture levels. However, the orientation of the wood fibers did not significantly affect the performance under the tested conditions. It is important to note that this effect may become more significant near the fiber saturation point. These findings emphasize the need for a detailed protocol on the green gluing technique for Nothofagus alpina and the associated drying and surface processes in finger joint construction.

Adenomyosis (ADM) is a multifaceted uterine pathology characterized by the ectopic infiltration of endometrial tissue into the myometrium, affecting approximately 20% of women in the reproductive age group seeking gynecological care. This condition manifests as a range of debilitating symptoms, including dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, impaired fertility, and heightened susceptibility to miscarriage and obstetric complications. Substantial research has been dedicated to exploring its underlying molecular mechanisms and developing non-invasive precision medical therapies. ADM is primarily characterized by a dysregulation in sex steroid hormone homeostasis, particularly estrogen and progesterone. However, emerging evidence suggests that additional endocrine mediators and disruptors may play contributory roles in the etiology of ADM. Genetic and epigenetic alterations of endocrine signaling pathways have been implicated as prevailing mechanisms underlying the development and progression of the disease. The present review aims to provide an updated and comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the pathophysiology of ADM, with a particular emphasis on the dysregulated hormonal milieu and the potential involvement of endocrine disruptors. By elucidating these intricate molecular mechanisms, this review seeks to pave the way for novel research directions in the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for ADM management.

Work-related traumatic brain injury is a frequent cause of chronic morbidity, mortality, and high treatment costs. Its causes are highly environmentally determined and were affected by COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns. We aimed to describe traumatic brain injury (TBI) epidemiology in working population and evaluate its modifications during the COVID-19 pandemic. We performed a 2-year retrospective epidemiological analysis of TBI patients hospitalized in a tertiary work-related hospital before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the prepandemic period, TBI patients were predominantly men, with a bimodal age distribution. Crash accidents were the leading work-related traumatic brain injury cause. During COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, there was a positive correlation between street traffic and TBI rate, presenting increased motor crash accidents as a cause of TBI. These results are relevant for planning and focalization of resources for TBI prevention.