Cleveland State University

Colpodella spp. are phylogenetically related to apicomplexans such as Plasmodium spp., Babesia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. Colpodella spp. are free-living protists that prey on bodonids, ciliates and algae using myzocytosis. Colpodella spp. cause human and animal infections known as colpodellosis, with transmission predominantly through ticks in different geographic areas across different continents. Colpodella spp. have been detected in six genera of ticks and the biting fly Stomoxys indicus. Ticks transmit zoonotic pathogens and the identification of Colpodella spp. coinfected with Babesia spp. poses a major public health risk due to human and animal encounters exposing humans to tick bites. Human cases of colpodellosis have involved three cases of blood infection, a fourth case of tickborne infection and a fifth case of urinary tract infection. In this narrative review, the predominant occurrence of Colpodella spp. in ticks that transmit zoonotic pathogens will be reviewed. Differences in the disease presentations and symptoms of colpodellosis in tickborne infections will be discussed. The pattern of Colpodella spp. coinfections with piroplasms and Cryptosporidium spp. will be evaluated. The pressing need for morphological identification of Colpodella spp. to assist proper characterization of the different species and strains identified in arthropods and vertebrate hosts will be highlighted.

Drought stress constrains the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems and distribution of plant species. To withstand drought stress, plants have evolved a wide range of water-use strategies. Despite the critical function of roots in whole-plant water regulations, drought strategies have been primarily studied from an aboveground perspective. Our knowledge of how fine-root traits are related to aboveground hydraulic traits remains limited. Here, we compiled a global dataset comprising five aboveground plant hydraulic traits (the xylem water potential at 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity [P50], the water potential at turgor loss point [πtlp], maximum xylem conductivity per unit sapwood area [Ks], the leaf-to-sapwood area ratio [Al:As], and wood density [WD]) associated with water-use strategies and the four fine-root traits from the root economics space (mean root diameter [MRD], specific root length [SRL], root tissue density [SRL], and root nitrogen concentration [RN]). We then investigated how and to what extent the global diversity in ecological strategies of four root economics space traits relate to aboveground hydraulic traits contributing to drought resistance. We found a slight trend towards acquisitive woody species with higher RNC and lower RTD having lower drought resistance in aboveground tissues (less negative P50 and πtlp and higher Ks and Al:As). Outsourcing woody species with thicker roots displayed a tendency towards slightly higher drought resistance (more negative P50 and πtlp and higher Ks and Al:As) than thin-rooted woody species. The weakness of these relationships highlights that aboveground plant adaptations to drought might be largely independent from classical axes of fine root ecological strategies. This could indicate a decoupling between above- and belowground strategies of drought adaptations, or that other root traits could provide more efficient adaptations to drought stress and be more strongly coordinated with aboveground hydraulics.

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently emerged as a leading approach for multivariate time series forecasting. However, their effectiveness is hampered by a fundamental architectural mismatch: the permutation-invariant self-attention of Transformers lacks inductive biases for the strict temporal order and complex cross-variable dependencies inherent in time series. Existing methods often sidestep this issue with input-level alignment techniques rather than endowing the model itself with structural awareness. To address this gap, we introduce GraFT (Graph-infused Forecasting Transformer), a framework that systematically embeds relational priors into a pre-trained backbone by constructing a heterogeneous patch relation graph, which represents both universal temporal principles with static edges and instance-specific patterns with dynamic adaptive edges. To process this multi-relational structure, a relational graph convolutional network generates structure-aware representations, which are infused into the patch embeddings to provide explicit structural guidance to the Transformer's attention mechanism. Extensive experiments show that GraFT achieves state-of-the-art performance on long-term forecasting and zero-shot learning, outperforming leading LLM-based methods on eight standard benchmarks with an average Mean Squared Error (MSE) reduction of 14.4%.

Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) are a subset of chronic active multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions marked by iron-laden microglia and macrophages. Ocrelizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20+ B cells, suppresses acute MS activity, but its effect on PRLs remains unclear. In a longitudinal study of 29 ocrelizumab-treated patients with at least one PRL on quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), 97 PRLs were identified. Before treatment, PRLs showed higher QSM values than non-PRLs (p = 0.001), indicating iron enrichment. After treatment, PRLs demonstrated a greater QSM reduction (p < 0.001), with an accelerated decline in susceptibility. These findings suggest ocrelizumab may attenuate iron-related inflammation in PRLs.

Introduction In a globalizing world, countries continuously strive to enhance quality of life (QoL). This study focusses on the well-being of residents in gated communities in the UAE, focusing on satisfaction with residential units and their communities. QoL, often seen as subjective, is quantified here by transforming qualitative perceptions into measurable data. Methods An online survey assesses satisfaction based on indicators like residential unit features and community amenities. Using linear regression analysis with SAS 9.4, two models are developed: one for residential unit satisfaction and another for community satisfaction. The study also considers demographics such as gender, income, and unit size. Results Results reveal kitchen and bedroom sizes significantly impact residential unit satisfaction, with p-values of 0.03 and 0.05, respectively. For community satisfaction, facility availability is the most influential factor, with a p-value of 0.03. Comparative analysis shows residents of communities like Motor City Green and Arabian Ranches report higher satisfaction due to larger built-up areas and abundant community facilities. Discussion These findings provide practical guidance for developers and urban planners by identifying priority design and community attributes that can enhance residents’ quality of life while supporting evidence-based decision-making in development-led residential projects aligned with Dubai’s 2040 vision.

This study focuses on developing an efficient large-area graphene transfer method that combines high-throughput and precise laser engraving, simple polymer casting, and water immersion to fabricate conductive graphene and biodegradable polymer-based implantable flexible electronic devices. The low-temperature treatment of graphene sheets on a glass substrate reduced graphene sheet roughness and increased hydrophobicity, enabling facile and high-efficiency (∼100%) large-area graphene transfer to a flexible polymer substrate. This method also benefited from differences in the work of adhesion at the graphene sheet/glass substrate and the graphene sheet/flexible polymer substrate interfaces. The transferred graphene sheets showed stability, structural integrity, and high conductivity (∼40 Ω/sq sheet resistance) under in vitro and in vivo mimicking conditions. The low-temperature-treated and laser-engraved conductive graphene patterns, transferred on a flexible and biodegradable polymer substrate, demonstrated in vitro cytocompatibility on different cells. Two flexible electronic devices (1─a graphene coil-integrated electrode cuff and 2─an interdigitated graphene cuff-integrated piezoelectric device) were fabricated using the developed method, and both demonstrated functionality and proof of concept by generating output voltages that can enhance cell/tissue regeneration. In addition, the ease of handling, ex vivo implantation, and feasibility of suturing were demonstrated by performing implantation surgeries on the pudendal nerve in cadaveric rats. Overall, this promising large-area graphene transfer method can be used to fabricate biodegradable, implantable devices that can serve as interfaces to stimulate cells and tissues for regeneration and repair.

Coronary stent implantation is an invasive procedure performed to correct atherosclerosis. The aftermath of this procedure is identified with neointimal hyperplasia, which contributes to in‐stent restenosis (ISR), and thus remains a significant clinical challenge. This study introduces a novel, noninvasive conceptual approach for addressing ISR through the thermal activation of shape memory alloy (SMA) stent using focused ultrasound (FU) in a controlled manner to restore luminal patency. COMSOL Multiphysics and ABAQUS finite element software were employed to perform the numerical modeling to simulate the thermal and mechanical responses of the SMA stent integrated into the arterial wall. After 15 s of insonation, the temperature within the tissue layers rises from 37°C to 42.63°C. Surface temperature rise plot confirms that heat is directed at the target region (focal zone) with minimal heating effect to the surrounding tissues. Minor increases in stress development in both the stent and artery observed were within acceptable limits, which indicates mechanical integrity and a low chance of increasing mechanical damage via stretching to the tissue. This development offers a viable alternative to reintervention, providing precise, patient‐specific, and ultrasonically guided therapy for ISR.

Complex social and socio-technical systems have numerous interacting components, nonlinear feedback, and emergent collective behaviors [...].

Despite robust literature that student voice positively impacts youth development and equitable school climates, school psychology has yet to integrate student voice in research and practice. Guided by a critical school psychology (CSP) framework, this study examines how high school students seek to be change agents. We present findings from a qualitative study of 23 high school students’ experiences with student advisory councils at 4 schools in a Midwestern city. Findings illustrate how all youth seek to have their voices heard through themes of Youth-Driven Knowledge Creation, Collaboration and Transformation, Awareness and Advocacy, and Being Heard. Students also need authentic adult collaboration, autonomy in issue selection, and transparent pathways to participation. Guided by CSP’s dimensions of new knowledge and new spaces, results demonstrate how partnering with youth can transform school psychology into a site of social justice with implications for practice and research. Impact Statement Integrating student voice into school psychology practice and research can lead to more equitable, student-centered decision-making in schools. Using a critical school psychology framework, we demonstrate how practitioners, researchers, and school leaders can cocreate knowledge with youth—rather than for youth—to address challenges. This approach empowers students as change agents, fostering more just school environments and improved student wellbeing and outcomes.