Clinique Valmont

I was 39 years old when Professor Heinz Kaeser, then chair of neurology in Basel and about to retire, called me to ask if I would take over the editorship of European Neurology after him. Interestingly enough, it had been one of my favorite neurological journals since 1978, when I started my training with 1 year of clinical psychiatry in Geneva. At the time, the journal had already been around for nearly 100 years, being the third oldest active neurological journal, founded as Monatsschrift für Neurologie und Psychiatrie by Carl Wernicke and Theodor Ziehen in 1897. To me, Wernicke has always been one of the most fascinating historical figures in the field, even with some form of genius (which allowed him, for example, to predict the existence of conduction aphasia and its lesion localization without having seen a single case!). Thus, the appointment as editor-in-chief was for me both prestigious and committing. Here, I am very grateful to the late Professor Henry J.M. Barnett, from London, Canada, who was at the time the world leader of clinical cerebrovascular research, and with whom I had the privilege to spend 1 year. Indeed, as chief editor of Stroke, he taught me much on the editorship work. “The war against biases” was his line, along with scientific rigor and attention to details.I am also grateful to the late Dr. Thomas Karger and his collaborators, who have been unwaveringly supportive, sometimes in uneasy situations. In fact, my first contact with the Karger company was earlier, in 1989–1990, when, along with my friend Professor Michael Hennerici, from Düsseldorf and then Mannheim, we founded the journal Cerebrovascular Diseases, in parallel with launching the European Stroke Conference.Over 3 decades later, I am particularly happy to be succeeded by Professor Laurent Tatu, a major leader in neuromuscular disease from the University of Franche-Comté, and Professor Cristina Granziera, from the University of Basel, now a rising star in neuro-immunology and imaging. Both spent significant time working with me, so that I am totally aware and confident of their competence and thrive to handle the editorship of the journal in a very balanced and complementary way.Under my guidance, European Neurology has remained a very clinical journal. In an increasingly technical medical world, where patient care – in fact the only real goal of medicine – is too often overlooked, maintaining a clinical focus is more vital than ever. Our focus has been general neurology from neuromuscular disease to cognitive dysfunction. The help of my associate editors (most recently, M. Paciaroni, H.P. Hartung, A. Bernasconi, and F. Assal), each an expert in a specific field, was here critical. We published two special issues, one for the century of the journal and one for its 125th anniversary, which were mainly devoted to progress in neurological therapies. In this field, the advances in therapy have indeed been gigantic during these years, with acute stroke management, the revolution of immunological treatment of multiple sclerosis, the introduction of new molecules for migraine, or transcranial pulse-ultrasound therapy for certain tremors and parkinsonian symptoms, to quote only a few. In 1984, with the help of Professor Franco Regli, my chief at the time, I authored a book on therapy of neurological diseases, encompassing all conditions and known treatments at the time… Nowadays, such a task would require a team of dozens of specialists.Proper assessment and subsequent help to patients with targeted management has always been my motto, including in my research activity. My academic years are over, but my commitment to patient care remains undiminished in my ongoing activity as head of the Swiss Medical Network Neurocenter. I heartedly wish that European Neurology, under its new guidance and along with its own evolution and changes, will nevertheless continue in that direction.Julien Bogousslavsky, MD, DM, PhD, FANA, FAHAEditor-in-Chief, European Neurology, 1994–2025The author has no conflicts of interest to declare.This study had no funding.

ABSTRACT In his teaching, Charcot often used artistic representations from previous centuries to illustrate the historical developments of various conditions, particularly hysteria, mainly with the help of his pupil Paul Richer. Charcot liked to draw portraits and sketches of colleagues during boring faculty meetings and students’ examinations, including caricatures of himself and others, church sculptures, landscapes, soldiers, and so on. He also used this skill in his clinical and scientific work. He drew histological or anatomic specimens, as well as patients’ features and demeanor. His most daring artistic experiments were drawing under the influence of hashish. Charcot’s tastes in art were conservative; he displayed little interest for the avant-gardes of his time, including impressionism, or for contemporary musicians, such as César Franck or Hector Berlioz. The pamphleteer Léon Daudet described Charcot’s home as a pseudo-gothic kitsch accumulation of heteroclite pieces of furniture and materials. However, he taught medicine not only as a science but also as an art, a style that has now been almost universally forgotten.

Nutrition has powerful impacts on our health and longevity. One of the mechanisms by which nutrition might influence our health is by inducing epigenetic modifications, modulating the molecular mechanisms that regulate aging. Observational studies have provided evidence of a relationship between nutrition and differences in DNA methylation. However, these studies are limited in that they might not provide an accurate control of the interactions between different nutrients, or between nutrition and other lifestyle behaviors. Here we systematically reviewed clinical studies examining the impact of nutrition strategies on DNA methylation. We examined clinical studies in community-dwelling adults testing the effects of nutrition interventions on i) global DNA methylation and its proxies, and ii) epigenetic clocks. We included 21 intervention studies that focused on the effects of healthy nutrition patterns, specific foods or nutrients, as well as the effect of multivitamin or multimineral supplements. In four studies on the methylation effects of healthy dietary patterns, as defined by being rich in vegetables, fruits, whole-grains, and nuts and reduced in the intake of added sugars, saturated fat, and alcohol, two of them suggested that a healthy diet, is associated with lower epigenetic age acceleration, one of them reported increases in global DNA methylation, while another one found no diet effects. Studies examining epigenetic effects of specific foods, nutrients, or mixtures of nutrients were scarce. For both folic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids, the available independent studies produced conflicting findings. Although more evidence is still needed to draw firm conclusions, results begin to suggest that healthy dietary patterns have positive effects on DNA methylation. Additional evidence from large randomized-controlled clinical trials is needed to support the effects of healthy nutrition on the DNA methylome.

is rather the perception of Foucault's writings than his writings themselves (like "My encounter and path with Michel Foucault"). 2. The naive reader who does not know who is MF needs some short biographical data, The author starts his pamphlet as if everybody knew MF, like Einstein or Shakespeare. 3. Specific misleading paths of MF thinking according to current philosophers (like Luc Ferry) should be mentioned (for example MF inaccurate desciption of the role of madness in middle age).

Background: For many years, neurology was seen as a purely observational discipline, focused on pathology and with little interest in treatments. Summary: From the creation in 1897 of Monatsschrift für Psychiatrie und Neurologie, the forebear of European Neurology, to nowadays, there have been great changes in the paradigms and concepts of treatments in neurology. We present an overview of the evolution of neurological treatments from 1897 to 2022. Key Messages: However, the last 125 years have not consisted of constant progress. The exceptional advances made in some diseases (multiple sclerosis or surgical treatment of Parkinson’s disease) cannot hide the stagnation in others (certain brain tumors or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis).

Conjugate deviation of the eyes toward side of lesion was recognized over a century ago as a manifestation accompanying hemiplegia, usually of apoplectic origin. While working on the services of Alfred Vulpian and Jean-Martin Charcot, Jean-Louis Prévost sparked international interest in the neurologic sign later named after him. His 1868 thesis represents the first systematic case series of patients with this ocular sign, observed in conjunction with head rotation toward the nonparalyzed side, which he called conjugate deviation (CD) of the eyes. Within a decade, it was uniformly reported in both French and English medical literature. Ipsilesional deviation was the rule for cortical or subcortical paralytic lesions. Contralesional deviation, more rarely seen, signaled lesions of lower brain regions, particularly pontine, or indicated irritative, excitatory effects (as in Jacksonian epilepsy). The sign was recognized to be a valuable diagnostic aid in unilateral cerebral lesions. Centralized control of CD by specific cerebral sites, such as frontal, or occipital, or oculomotor centers, was explored, along with the complex relationship with hemineglect, which interestingly was reported only several decades later. The discovery of intricate oculomotor interconnections and self-space relationships, which play an essential role in CD, owes much to Prévost and his followers.