Cochrane

Learning interest is an important factor influencing the success of students’ learning process, but in learning Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam (SKI) at the elementary school level, students’ learning interest is still relatively low because the learning process tends to be conventional and has not yet utilized innovative learning models and media. This study aims to analyze the effect of implementing the OME-AKE learning model assisted by KAMIDO media on students’ learning interest in the subject of Islamic Cultural History (SKI). This study employed a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design in the form of a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study involved 30 fourth-grade students of MIS Kajai, West Pasaman Regency, selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation and a learning interest questionnaire administered before and after the treatment, and were then analyzed using inferential statistics through a paired sample t-test with the assistance of SPSS. The results showed that the implementation of the OME-AKE learning model assisted by KAMIDO media significantly increased students’ learning interest, as indicated by an increase in the mean score from 82.27 on the pretest to 101.37 on the posttest, with a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that the implementation of an active learning model combined with creative learning media is able to increase students’ engagement and learning interest. Thus, this study contributes to the development of innovative learning strategies in elementary education and provides practical implications for teachers in designing learning that is more interactive, engaging, and meaningful for students.

Protocol available via doi/10.1002/14651858.CD015221.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the benefits and harms of respiratory support during ETI in improving the rate of successful intubation in preterm and term neonates undergoing intubation in the NICU, delivery room, or emergency room compared to room air.

Regional anesthesia provides numerous benefits to patients throughout the perioperative period, including improved comfort and satisfaction with pain control, less nausea and vomiting, and expeditious recovery and discharge. Sedation during surgery undern regional anesthesia plays a central role in facilitating patient comfort and anxiolysis. In recent decades the commonest medications used for sedation are midazolam, propofol, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, remimazolam and each possesses well-known pros and cons. The phrase “while some sleep, others keep watch,” along with monitoring, plays an important role in patient safety regarding sedation in regional anesthesia or other procedures. There are two important monitors during sedation: pulse oximetry and capnography. However, most anesthesiologists only use the pulse oximeter, even though capnographs are attached to all modern anesthesia machines. This article demonstrates the importance of using both pulse oximetry and capnographs for patient safety during sedation in regional anesthesia and other procedures. The combination of the two monitoring systems certainly increases patient safety.

Purpose: To analyze vitreous base indentation achieved with absorbable vs permanent scleral imbrication sutures during retinal detachment repair. Methods: This retrospective, consecutive case series included patients who underwent scleral imbrication sutures with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair. Single-surgery anatomic success rate and visual acuity (VA) were assessed at 6 to 9 months postoperatively. Scleral indentation was measured by B-scan ultrasonography more than 6 weeks after surgery. Results: Sixteen patients were included. The single-surgery anatomic success rate was 88% (14 of 16) at 6 months. Vitreous base indentation greater than 2 mm, initially present in all quadrants, persisted beyond 6 weeks in 100% (13 of 13) of quadrants with polyester (Mersilene) scleral imbrication sutures and in 14% (2 of 14) with polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) scleral imbrication sutures. Median VA improved from baseline 0.36 logMAR (interquartile range [IQR], 0 to 1.15) to 0.18 logMAR (IQR, 0.01 to 0.51) postoperatively. Conclusions: Scleral imbrication sutures can produce either temporary or sustained vitreous base indentation. They may serve as a useful adjuvant to PPV for primary RRD repair when avoidance of a buckle element is desired.

<title>Abstract</title> Background Aminosalicylates (mesalazine, sulfasalazine) are used for mild Crohn’s disease, but real‑world comparative data are limited. Aim To compare the time to initiation of corticosteroids or immunosuppressants in Korean patients with Crohn’s disease treated with mesalazine versus sulfasalazine. Methods We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database from 2002 to 2022. Adults with Crohn’s disease who received mesalazine or sulfasalazine for more than 30 days were included. The primary outcome was the interval from aminosalicylate initiation to first corticosteroid or immunosuppressant prescription. Demographic and clinical variables were analysed, and multivariable Cox regression identified predictors of treatment escalation. Results Of 18,288 eligible patients, 17,217 (94.1%) received mesalazine and 1,071 (5.9%) received sulfasalazine. Mesalazine prescribing increased from 79.3% in 2002 to 98.9% in 2022, whereas sulfasalazine decreased from 20.7% to 1.1%. Median time to corticosteroid or immunosuppressant initiation was shorter with mesalazine (72.3 days) than with sulfasalazine (100.7 days; <italic>P</italic> = 0.0089). Earlier escalation was associated with male sex, younger age, metropolitan residence, and absence of hypertension or cerebrovascular disease. Conclusions In this nationwide cohort, mesalazine was the predominant aminosalicylate and was associated with earlier treatment escalation than sulfasalazine, alongside marked shifts in prescribing patterns over two decades. These findings describe real‑world associations from administrative data and may inform, but cannot determine, comparative effectiveness between aminosalicylate formulations.

The definition of disease is not a purely theoretical exercise but a choice with significant implications for clinical practice, public health, and resource management. The expansion of diagnostic criteria, aimed at reducing underdiagnosis, has led to an increase in overdiagnosis and overtreatment - critical issues still too little addressed in medical education and public communication.