Conference Board

The global integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into veterinary medicine is advancing, yet its adoption in major markets like China remains uncharacterized. This study aimed to provide the first exploratory analysis of AI perception and adoption among veterinary professionals in China. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 455 veterinary professionals in China from May to July 2025. Data on AI familiarity, adoption rates, application priorities, and perceived drivers and barriers were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. We identified a distinct adoption paradox: 71.0% of respondents incorporated AI into their workflow, yet 44.6% of these active users reported low familiarity with the technology. Adoption was primarily practitioner-driven and focused on core clinical tasks, including AI-assisted disease diagnosis (50.1%) and prescription calculation (44.8%). The primary barrier to use was concern about AI reliability and accuracy (54.3%). A strong consensus (93.8%) emerged supporting regulatory oversight of AI by veterinary authorities. The adoption paradox is driven by a practitioner-led, "inside-out" integration model where AI is used to augment clinical capabilities, countered by an "interpretability gap" that limits trust and familiarity. This contrasts with the more administrative, "outside-in" pattern seen in North America. The findings underscore a need for specialized veterinary AI tools, enhanced training focused on critical appraisal, and robust regulatory frameworks to safely harness AI's potential in one of the world's largest veterinary markets.

This paper is part of the IICAH2026 Conference Proceedings (View) Full Paper View / Download the full paper in a new tab/window

This paper is part of the PCAH2025 Conference Proceedings (View) Full Paper View / Download the full paper in a new tab/window

Calcium phosphate compounds form the inorganic phases of our mineralised tissues such as bone and teeth, playing an important role in hard tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.In dentistry and oral care products, biomimetic hydroxyapatite (HA) is a stable and biocompatible calcium phosphate with low solubility being used for various applications such as tooth remineralisation, reduction of tooth sensitivity, oral biofilm control, and tooth whitening.Clinical data on these products is limited with varied results; additionally, the effectiveness of these apatite compounds versus fluoride, which has conventionally been used in toothpaste, has not been established.It's therefore possible evaluates current research on Biomimetic HA oral care, and discusses the role and mechanism of hydroxyapatite and biomimetic HA in remineralisation of both enamel and dentine and for suppressing dentine sensitivity.Furthermore, we position HA's role in biofilm management and highlight the role of HA in dental applications by summarising the recent achievement and providing an overview of commercialised Biomimetic HA in different dental products.The review also indicates the existing limitations and provides direction for future research and commercialisation of apatite-based oral care products.

Modern theories of aggregate supply are built on the foundation that firms set prices and commit to producing whatever the market demands.We remove this strategic restriction and allow firms to choose supply functions, mappings that describe the prices charged at each quantity of production.Theoretically, we characterize firms' optimal supply function choices in general equilibrium and study the resulting implications for aggregate supply.Aggregate supply flattens under lower inflation uncertainty, higher idiosyncratic demand uncertainty, and less elastic demand.Quantitatively, our theory can rationalize the flattening of aggregate supply during the Great Moderation and steepening during the 1970s and 2020s.

As staffing shortages and ongoing cost-containment measures continue to challenge organizations, the use of assistive personnel (AP) for patient care activities increases. Emphasis on safe and effective care delivery remains crucial when RNs delegate certain tasks and aspects of patient care. The principles of delegation according to American Nurses Association and the National Council of State Boards of Nursing include the responsibility and accountability of the registered nurse (RN) for patient care outcomes. Authority for delegation of clinical tasks in the chronic hemodialysis setting and home dialysis therapies varies greatly by state. The responsibility remains with the RN to oversee complex tasks despite the staff skill mix. While specific information from several states, although limited, was interpreted by this team as delegation, it remains the responsibility of each RN to know their individual state Nurse Practice Acts. This article provides an updated review of the states' current available positions on delegation of clinical tasks in hemodialysis with the addition of information on dialysis technicians or licensed practical nurses/licensed vocational nurses in home therapy when available.