Crown Research Institutes

Background:The long-term clinical success of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) all-ceramic crowns on prefabricated implant abutments largely depends on the selection of an appropriate luting agent. The choice of luting material influences the crown’s retention, marginal adaptation, and overall performance.Materials and Methods:This in vivo comparative study was conducted on 30 patients requiring single-unit posterior implant-supported crowns. Patients were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 each) based on the luting agent used: Group A: Self-adhesive resin cement, Group B: Glass ionomer cement, Group C: Resin-modified glass ionomer cement Standardized CAD/CAM lithium disilicate crowns were fabricated and cemented onto titanium prefabricated abutments. All crowns were evaluated at baseline and after 3, 6, and 12 months for retention, marginal integrity, and debonding events. The primary outcome was the retention force measured using a customized pull-out device calibrated in Newtons (N). Clinical performance and any technical complications were also noted.Results:At the 12-month follow-up, Group A (self-adhesive resin cement) showed the highest mean retention value (450 ± 25 N), followed by Group C (380 ± 30 N) and Group B (320 ± 28 N). Debonding was observed in 1 case in Group B and 1 case in Group C, while no debonding occurred in Group A. Statistical analysis using ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference in retention among the groups (P < 0.05). Marginal adaptation was satisfactory across all groups, with no biological complications recorded.Conclusion:Within the limitations of this in vivo study, self-adhesive resin cement demonstrated superior retention of CAD/CAM all-ceramic crowns on prefabricated implant abutments compared to glass ionomer and resin-modified glass ionomer cements.

Line censuses have been undertaken at the Imperial Palace, Tokyo, to reveal the avifauna, since 1965. Here we report results of the line census from April 1976 to March 1996. The line census was conducted on a route of 4.1 km between 9:00 – 12:00, in the same way as the census conducted continuously before and after this study. We divided the study period into the early one from April 1976 to March 1986 and the late one from April 1986 to March 1996, and compared the two study periods. We observed 23,190 individuals of 76 species in the early study period (68 censuses) and 29,887 individuals of 72 species in the late study period (95 censuses; 89 species through the whole study period). Comparing 14 species with the higher relative frequency in 10-year-period before the early study period, and the 4-year-period after the late study period as well as the two study periods, Aix galericulata, Anas zonorhyncha, Streptopelia orientalis, Nycticorax nycticorax, and Spodiopsar cineraceus seemed to decrease, while Yungipicus kizuki, Sittiparus varius, Parus cinereus, Hypsipetes amaurotis, Zosterops japonicus, and Emberiza personata seemed to increase. Among these species, Aix galericulata, Anas zonorhyncha, Streptopelia orientalis, Nycticorax nycticorax, Yungipicus kizuki, Parus cinereus, Zosterops japonicus, Spodiopsar cineraceus, and Emberiza personata fluctuated significantly between the early and late study periods. Five and six species without the higher relative frequency also significantly decreased and increased, respectively. For Nycticorax nycticorax, Cyanopica cyanus, Zosterops japonicus, and Spodiopsar cineraceus, in which the numbers observed changed significantly between the two study periods, the changes seemed related to seasonal change. Conversely, the other species in which the observed number changed significantly, did not seem to change seasonally but to increase or decrease through a year. From December to March, ca. 25 species were observed. Twenty seven and twenty five species were observed in April in the early and late study periods, respectively; thereafter the number of species declined and reached a minimum of 17 and 15 species in August, the early and late study periods, respectively, and then switched to an increase during September and November. In November, the number of species reached 23 and 26, respectively. However, the number of species did not differ significantly in any month between the two periods.

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> Addressing the complex challenges of soil and food security at international and local scales requires moving beyond the boundaries of individual disciplines and knowledge systems. The value of transdisciplinary research approaches is increasingly recognised, including those that value and incorporate Indigenous knowledge systems and holders. Using a case study at Pōhatu, Aotearoa New Zealand, this paper demonstrates the value of a transdisciplinary approach to explore past Māori food landscapes and contribute to contemporary Māori soil health and food sovereignty aspirations. Engaging at the interface between soil science and Indigenous knowledge (<em>mātauraka Māori</em>) in an Aotearoa New Zealand context, we provide an example and guide for weaving knowledges in a transdisciplinary context. Here, <em>mātauraka</em> <em>Māori</em>, including <em>waiata</em> (songs) and <em>ingoa wāhi</em> (place names), provided the map of where to look and why, and soil analysis yielded insight into past cultivation, soil modification and fertilisation practices. Both knowledges were needed to interpret the findings and support Māori to re-establish traditional horticultural practices. Furthermore, the paper extends the current literature on the numerous conceptual frameworks developed to support and guide transdisciplinary research by providing an example of how to do this type of research in an on-the-ground application.

Autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) is a sensory phenomenon characterized by tingling sensations triggered by specific auditory or visual stimuli, offering a novel approach to anxiety reduction and relaxation. This review explores the therapeutic potential of ASMR in orthodontics by examining its physiological and psychological benefits, neuroscientific basis, and its potential to enhance patient comfort, manage dental anxiety, and improve communication within orthodontic practice. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to evaluate studies on ASMR's physiological, psychological, and clinical effects, focusing on ASMR-induced relaxation, patient-specific triggers, and its integration into orthodontic settings. ASMR has been shown to lower heart rates, improve mood, and reduce stress across clinical and non-clinical populations. Functional MRI (fMRI) studies reveal brain activation in regions associated with reward and emotional processing during ASMR experiences. ASMR's impact on dental anxiety is promising, with studies suggesting its potential to distract patients and foster a sense of calm during procedures. Patient-specific triggers, such as whispering and tapping, can be tailored to individual preferences, offering a non-invasive, cost-effective method for anxiety reduction in orthodontic patients. Incorporating ASMR content during procedures and adopting ASMR-inspired communication techniques may further enhance patient comfort and compliance. By inducing a meditative state, ASMR distinguishes itself from traditional distraction methods like music or television. ASMR holds significant promise as a therapeutic tool in orthodontics, potentially improving patient experiences by reducing anxiety and discomfort. Further research is warranted to investigate its long-term effects, optimize trigger selection for specific populations, and explore its combination with other relaxation techniques.

Over the past years the awareness of the importance and usefulness of Globally Unique Persistent Resolvable identifiers (GUPRIs), appropriate licenses, further standardisation of metadata, and general adherence to the FAIR principles has increased significantly in the international seismological community. One important milestone was the introduction of seismological network identifiers as an FDSN recommendation in 2014 and recently updated at the end of 2023. Further advances were made, or are in development, in connection with the establishment of more formalised research infrastructures like EPOS in Europe, Auscope in Australia, and the reorganisation of IRIS and UNAVCO to Earthscope in the U.S, as well as national and international initiatives such as for example COPDESS, and RDA. In Europe the developments in seismology have taken place within or with close links to projects such as&amp;#160; Geo-INQUIRE, ChEESE, Digital Twin of GEOphysical extremes (DT&amp;#8211;GEO), and building on achievements and tools from projects (e.g. FAIRsFAIR), and in general as part of the European Research Infrastructure environment.In this contribution we reflect on the current state of the use of identifiers, application of licenses and other improvements in the FAIRness of seismological data, products and services, focusing on FDSN and ORFEUS/EIDA, Earthscope, Auscope, and the GFZ/Geofon and RESIF data centers.Experience gained with DOIs as seismological network identifiers is conclusive in terms of acceptability of associating a DOI at network level: more than 70% of FDSN registered networks now have a DOI. On the contrary, the correct citation based on the DOI is only gradually gaining traction in scientific publications, due to a combination of slow uptake by researchers and the difficulty of the scientific journals to set up automatic or semi-automatic checking procedures.&amp;#160; Additional challenges remain e.g. when trying to implement identifiers for data collections and/or downstream products that properly support reproducibility of scientific workflows. A simple collection of DOIs would not be enough to describe a user defined dataset, that is characterized by a much finer granularity. Therefore, the evaluation of other alternatives, like the inclusion of time-stamped query related to a new DOI describing such a dataset could be needed. This could be used for small datasets with data from different sources, or even for ML/AI training sets, defined as a collection of networks.Some standardisation and best practices have emerged with regard to licensing of seismological data and products, in particular the use of by attribution licenses like CC-BY. A common and harmonised understanding of legal implications, intellectual property, and consequences of specific licenses, however, seems still quite a bit away.Implementing FAIRness, and then measuring it or even reporting the level of FAIRness to funding agencies has met with some success at least in specific initiatives or through specific projects. One noteworthy development is the introduction of FAIR Implementation Profiles (FIPS) that allow a quantitative assessment of the achieved FAIRness.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;

Bufferbloat, or excessive queuing delay under load, is a noticeable quality of service degradation that occurs when latency-sensitive traffic experiences the effects of increased packet buffering delays in network devices. This phenomenon leads to increased latency and reduced network performance, particularly affecting real-time voice and video traffic, online gaming, and other interactive applications that demand low-latency at all times. Bufferbloat also poses serious risks to future ambitions of latency-critical applications such as telesurgery, autonomous vehicles, and virtual reality, as it undermines network consistency and creates significant operational issues for service providers to manage. Bufferbloat is especially detrimental to Wireless Internet Service Providers (WISPs), due to their often ad-hoc and dynamic nature. To better characterise the prevalence of bufferbloat, we analyse a real-world WISP network and propose "Polus", a framework for detecting and characterising adverse network conditions caused by the phenomenon.

Machine Learning (ML) has been widely applied to cybersecurity and is considered state-of-the-art for solving many of the open issues in that field. However, it is very difficult to evaluate how good the produced solutions are, since the challenges faced in security may not appear in other areas. One of these challenges is the concept drift, which increases the existing arms race between attackers and defenders: malicious actors can always create novel threats to overcome the defense solutions, which may not consider them in some approaches. Due to this, it is essential to know how to properly build and evaluate an ML-based security solution. In this article, we identify, detail, and discuss the main challenges in the correct application of ML techniques to cybersecurity data. We evaluate how concept drift, evolution, delayed labels, and adversarial ML impact the existing solutions. Moreover, we address how issues related to data collection affect the quality of the results presented in the security literature, showing that new strategies are needed to improve current solutions. Finally, we present how existing solutions may fail under certain circumstances and propose mitigations to them, presenting a novel checklist to help the development of future ML solutions for cybersecurity.

Treating healthy but unaesthetic teeth has been a major challenge for a dental practitioner. Maxillary midline diastemas are one such aberration in the smile zone. Although a diastema can be transient in the developing dentition, the management of the diastema in adulthood requires a detailed examination and appropriate care for a successful outcome. Majority of specialty dentists prefer conservative or minimally invasive treatments, such as porcelain laminate veneer (PLV) restorations over full-ceramic crowns for anterior teeth, where esthetics can be extremely concerning. Minimal-thickness laminate veneers provide a satisfactory outcome while preserving the dental structure as a whole. Thus, this clinical report describes a conservative approach of minimal preparation utilizing a restoration to accomplish both esthetic and functional rehabilitation.

This Memoir is the first dedicated to the Antarctic mantle. It is a cross-disciplinary reference work combining geochemistry and geophysics to characterize Antarctic mantle properties. Through observations and modelling the mantle structures, compositions and dynamics are characterized at regional and continental scales by subject experts. The Memoir reviews all known occurrences of sub-continental mantle xenoliths in igneous rocks. These studies are presented by region as southern or northern Victoria Land, Marie Byrd Land, the Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic Islands. Sub-oceanic mantle in tectonically emplaced and abyssal settings is also considered where known. This is complemented by a continental-scale mantle xenolith overview, mantle characteristics from igneous rocks and a quantitative mantle fabric study. State-of-the-art, continental-scale geophysical overviews of the Antarctic mantle are presented by discipline as seismology, gravity and magnetics, magnetotellurics, rheology, glacial isostatic adjustment, mantle convection and palaeotopography. This Memoir will be the reference for all researchers interested in the Antarctic mantle and its role in dynamics that shape the Antarctic surface and ice sheets.