Daghestan State Pedagogical University

Relevance. A systematic historical and legal analysis of the development of the legal status of autonomous republics during the Soviet period is of significant scientific and practical interest for modern Russia. Its implementation contributes to deepening the theoretical foundations of Russian federalism and developing specific recommendations for optimizing state governance.Studying the processes of formation of republics, their status starting from the Soviet period allows identifying continuity in constitutional and legal models and tracing their impact on current regional law-making.The purpose of this study is a historical and legal analysis of the development of the legal status of the Daghestan ASSR in 1936–1937.Objectives: to study the development of the legal status of the Daghestan ASSR within the Soviet federal system during the specified period, characterization of fundamental differences in the constitutional and legal position of union and autonomous republics, determination of the scope of legislative and administrative powers of autonomous republics.Methodology. The article employs a set of general scientific and special legal research methods. The historical and legal nature of the article necessitated the use of methods of historical-comparative and comparative legal analysis.The study of the problem in question was carried out on the basis of a systematic approach and the principle of historicism.The results of the study has practical significance, aimed at optimizing legislative regulation, strengthening the foundations of constitutional security and ensuring harmonization of interests of multiethnic population in the Russian Federation. The study of this problem creates prerequisites for sustainable and steady development of federalism in Russia.Conclusions. Referring to the historical and legal experience of constitutional regulation of the status of autonomous republics in the Soviet period provides a valuable analytical toolkit for understanding modern challenges and trends in the development of Russian federalism. It is noted that the political and legal status of the Daghestan ASSR, despite its apparent formal clarity, was in practice integrated into a unified all-state system with unconditional supremacy of the union center.

Background. A Russian phase IV observational study was initiated to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib with pembrolizumab (Len-Pembro) in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) receiving therapy in real-world practice. This article is based on the results of the third analysis conducted with a median follow-up of 23.1 months and reflects data on the efficacy and safety of Len-Pembro in Russian patients. Aim. To evaluate the real-world efficacy and safety of Len-Pembro in patients with advanced RCC with a median follow-up increased to 23.1 months. The primary outcome of the study was progression-free survival (PFS), the secondary outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival on next-line therapy (PFS2), objective response rate (ORR), duration of response, as well as safety. Materials and methods. The study included data from 165 patients with verified advanced RCC who received Len-Pembro at 36 centers in the Russian Federation from February 05, 2018 to July 30, 2025. The median age was 60 (20–76) years, and 70.3% of the participants were male. Most patients (74.6%) presented with Karnofsky performance score of ≥80%, metachronous metastases (50.9%) of clear cell RCC (93.3%) in 1 organ (75.2%), and had not received any anticancer treatment (91.0%). The IMDC favorable prognosis group included 40 (24.2%), intermediate – 92 (55.8%), and unfavorable prognosis – 33 (20.0%) patients. The median follow-up reached 23.1 (0.5–72.9) months. A total of 110 (66.7%) patients completed Len-Pembro therapy, and 51 (30.9%) patients received next-line treatment. Results. Median PFS reached 25.8 (95% confidence interval – CI 17.0–34.5) months, 23-month PFS – 52.6%; median OS was 39.9 (95% CI 26.9–52.8) months, 23-month OS – 73.1%; median PFS2 was 33.2 (95% CI 23.4–41.1) months, 23-month PFS2 – 66.9%. The ORR was 49.1%, including 3.0% of complete responses, and the disease control rate was 89.1%. The median duration of response reached 29.7 (95% CI 24.9–34.6) months. The incidence of any adverse events (AEs) was 78.8%, severe AEs occurred in 29.1%, fatal AES – in 1.2%, immune-related AEs – 17.0%, severe immune-related AEs – 6.7%. Conclusion. In real-world practice, with increased follow-up duration, the values of PFS, OS, and PFS2 were comparable to those obtained in the registrational study, with a lower ORR and a satisfactory safety profile of the combination of Len-Pembro in advanced RCC.

Đặt vấn đề: Người cao tuổi có bệnh đái tháo đường thường được điều trị với nhiều nhóm thuốc khác nhau làm tăng nguy cơ gặp tương tác thuốc. Nghiên cứu khảo sát thực trạng kê đơn thuốc hợp lý theo hướng dẫn kê đơn của Bộ Y tế là cần thiết nhằm xem xét thực trạng kê đơn thuốc trong điều trị đái tháo đường tuýp 2 tại Bệnh viện Thống Nhất. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Khảo sát thực trạng kê đơn thuốc điều trị đái tháo đường tuýp 2 tại Bệnh viện Thống Nhất từ tháng 03/2023 đến tháng 08/2023. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Thực hiện nghiên cứu cắt ngang hồi cứu dựa trên đơn thuốc trong hồ sơ bệnh án điều trị người bệnh cao tuổi. Kết quả: Khảo sát mẫu nghiên cứu gồm 400 người cho thấy độ tuổi trung bình là 73.9 ± 8.5, tỷ lệ nữ : nam là 1.31:1, 96.8% bệnh nhân đái tháo đường tuýp 2 mắc ít nhất một bệnh kèm theo. Trong số các bệnh mắc kèm, tăng huyết áp và rối loạn lipid máu chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất với 87.3% và 72.5% người bệnh. Trong phác đồ điều trị, đơn trị chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất (54.0%) với insulin và biguanid là 2 nhóm thuốc được kê đơn nhiều nhất (31.5 và 9.2%). Tỷ lệ đơn thuốc kê đơn hợp lý đạt mức 95.8%. Kết luận: Người bệnh cao tuổi đái tháo đường có tỷ lệ mắc bệnh kèm cao và chủ yếu sử dụng phác đồ đơn trị insulin trong điều trị. Một tỷ lệ nhỏ các đơn thuốc không hợp lý với nguyên nhân chính do tương tác thuốc. Vì thế, kiểm soát và giám sát chặt chẽ hơn các tương tác thuốc và theo dõi kỹ tình trạng của bệnh nhân để tránh các biến cố bất lợi trong sử dụng thuốc rất cần được thống kê và báo cáo.

Đặt vấn đề: Ung thư đại tràng là bệnh lý phổ biến và nguy hiểm trên thế giới. Trong quá trình điều trị cắt đại tràng do ung thư, việc sử dụng kháng sinh là rất quan trọng. Vì vậy, khảo sát sử dụng kháng sinh trong phẫu thuật đại tràng là cần thiết. Mục tiêu: Khảo sát thực trạng sử dụng kháng sinh trong phẫu thuật cắt đại tràng tại Khoa Ngoại Tiêu hóa (Bệnh viện Chợ Rẫy). Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả cắt ngang, hồi cứu hồ sơ bệnh án thỏa tiêu chí chọn mẫu trong giai đoạn 01/2023 đến 06/2023. Kết quả: Khảo sát 172 hồ sơ bệnh án với đặc điểm mẫu nghiên cứu tỷ lệ nam:nữ là 1.42:1 với 58.14% trên 60 tuổi, 72.46% BMI bình thường, 85.96% mổ chương trình, 87.14% phẫu thuật nội soi, 88.27% phẫu thuật sạch nhiễm, 90.12% người bệnh ổn định ra viện, 98.69% sử dụng kháng sinh dự phòng và 67.86% sử dụng kháng sinh điều trị. Đường dùng là tiêm tĩnh mạch và tiêm truyền. Đa số liều dùng và đường dùng phù hợp với các khuyến cáo. Kết luận: Tỷ lệ nhiễm khuẩn vùng mổ là không có, đa số người bệnh đều ổn xuất viện. Các yếu tố liên quan đến tăng tỷ lệ nhiễm trùng vùng mổ chưa được ghi nhận nghiêm túc. Phác đồ đơn trị được ưu tiên lựa chọn trong dự phòng và điều trị. Kháng sinh cefazolin và ertapenem được ưu tiên lựa chọn trong dự phòng và điều trị. Tỷ lệ sử dụng kháng sinh dự phòng và điều trị chưa phù hợp theo hướng dẫn của Bộ Y tế (BYT), Bệnh viện Chợ Rẫy còn cao. Tỷ lệ chuyển đổi kháng sinh trong quá trình điều trị ghi nhận chưa hoàn toàn phù hợp với các khuyến cáo.

This study explores the role of imagination, a personal capability of tourists, in their participation in the service value co-creation process. Using the data collected from 275 domestic tourists, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis results indicate the direct and indirect effects of imagination on the experience value through the mediation of three co-creation behaviors, including information sharing, responsible behavior, and personal interaction. Theoretical and managerial implications are then discussed accordingly.

Рассматривается краевая задача для одного нелинейного функционально-дифференциального уравнения второго порядка на отрезке $[0,1]$ с интегральными граничными условиями. С использованием специальных топологических средств установлены достаточные условия существования по крайней мере одного положительного решения рассматриваемой задачи. Приведен нетривиальный пример, иллюстрирующий выполнение достаточных условий однозначной разрешимости поставленной задачи. Библиография: 12 названий.

The article analyzes the assistance provided by central and regional party-state and public organizations to the disabled of the Great Patriotic War and their family members in Dagestan on the basis of diverse materials. During the war period, the number of disabled people increased significantly, the transformation of the social security and rehabilitation system of Soviet soldiers and officers who temporarily or completely lost their ability to work due to severe injury, contusion or injury. The article analyzes the actions undertaken by the authorities and society to improve the material and living conditions of disabled veterans, as well as measures of social support and employment for them. The employment of disabled people solved two tasks at the same time – it allowed creating a personnel reserve for various sectors of the national economy, and ensuring their social protection after returning to peaceful life. According to the author, assistance to war invalids and their family members during the Great Patriotic War was a demonstration of concern on the part of the state and society for this socially unprotected group of the population.

The article is aimed at researching new strategies for management decisions focused on the development of human resources in the context of crisis challenges. It has been established that management decisions in the field of educational management are currently being implemented under conditions of financial constraints, and, accordingly, the further high-quality functioning of the education system and its strategic development, in the face of crisis challenges, requires modeling a new paradigm of the realized importance of human resources in the national higher education space, which in turn stimulates the search for new approaches to the implementation of management strategies in the field of higher education and the creation of new non-standard concepts of HR management in war conditions. It is proved that in the current conditions of increased risks, the strategy of HR policy of a higher education institution is aimed at maintaining the effectiveness of educational and scientific activities of participants in the educational process through modernization of the HR management system, ensuring a safe educational space, changing models of incentives and motivation for the professional development of research and teaching staff, creating internal financial resources by expanding the practices of providing additional educational services by a higher education institution, directing such revenues to the professional development of research and teaching staff and the creation of safe conditions for professional activity. It is determined that the main measures to manage the development of the scientific and pedagogical potential of a modern Ukrainian higher education institution in today's conditions should be concentrated in four key areas: creating safe labour conditions; forming a system of incentives and motives for high-quality professional activities, including material incentives; creating conditions for continuous staff development to ensure their psychological comfort; focusing on additional educational services, focusing on additional educational services, project activities and interdisciplinary programs as a strategic direction to compensate the financial constraints of educational institutions. These measures will help to increase the competitiveness of educational institutions and the quality of educational programs.

The collective monograph presents the latest results of the study of the Caspian-Persian vector of the foreign policy of Peter the Great and his successors in the first third of the 18th century. A wide range of historical sources are provided in the book, most of which were collected from the regional and federal archives of Russia, and are introduced into scientific circulation by the authors for the first time. The issues of source study and historiography of the subject are discussed, the features of international relations in the region in connection with the Persian campaign of Peter I are considered, complex issues of the formation and implementation of Russian administrative practice and the integration of the Caspian regions into the imperial system are analyzed, the image of Peter I is reconstructed in the historical memory of the population of Dagestan.

Russian Orientalism is distinguished by its territorial proximity to Asian countries and the shaping of Russia-Asia frontier in bordering areas where peoples blended and cultures synthesized to form a multicultural environment. Goals. The study aims to identify the specifics of Orientalist motifs in works of the Soviet Russian poet Pavel Nikolaevich Vasiliev. Materials and methods. The paper analyzes works of P. Vasiliev with the aid of the historical/literary and comparative methods. The methodology is based on theses of Orientalism and transcultural literature. Results. The literary mainstream of that time was implementing the trend toward a class orientation with the dichotomy of US — the proletariat, the poor, and THEM — kulaks, merchants, aristocrats, beys, biys, begs, coupled with the proclaimed civilizing role of Russians in the life of indigenous peoples, which was dictated by the early Soviet ideology. Pavel Vasiliev also depicted the civilizing mission of Russian engineers, builders, railroad men; industrialization in Kazakh steppes; the images of ‘civilized’ Kazakh savages — fighters for Soviet power, builders of a new life. He draws typical negative images of mullahs, which was prompted by the Bolshevik struggle against religion and its influence on the masses. At the same time, he is aware of his spiritual kinship with the Kazakhs and does not portray the latter as THEM, for him they are US, relatives. In early Soviet literature, the image of ‘sleeping’ Asia was widespread enough, and the region was thus to be awakened with bayonets and machine guns — to turn into the ‘red’ East as part of an ideologically unified Soviet state. In this regard, Vasiliev was standing away from the mainstream, since he never viewed Asia as a backward or dormant territory. That was rather an ancient, millennia-old, mysterious country, his homeland. Orientalist poems by Pavel Vasiliev (Hunting with Golden Eagles, Jut, Melon Field near Semipalatinsk, Camel, etc.) also deviate from the mainstream, since they emphasize ethnic and cultural specificities of the Kazakhs — an indigenous people of the Asian frontier — and this somewhat contradicted the Soviet policy of depreciating indigenous cultures of Asia. Conclusions. The insight into Orientalist motifs of Vasiliev’s poetry attests to the latter were influenced by transcultural nature of the poet’s artistic worldview, since his creative mind was shaped within the Kazakh-Russian frontier.