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 El culto del cuerpo se ha convertido en nuestros días en un fenómeno social de gran significación. La presentación del yo físico adquiere una especial relevancia en los nuevos estilos de vida. Diversos grupos sociales (médicos, psicologos, sociólogos, modistos, publicistas, estilistas, esteticistas, periodistas...) centran su interés en la definición social del "cuerpo". el objetivo es contribuir a la creación de un modelo ideal único y generalizable, legitimando determinadas prácticas sociales dirigidas hacia este fín. La definición de este modelo esta en manos de un grupo de "diseñadores de cuerpos" que asumen el papel de especificar los límites de la normalidad corporal en nuestra sociedad. La expresión corporal se ha convertido en un lenguaje que, en último extremo, manifiesta el status y la posición social. Por otra parte, en las últimas décadas se plantea la cuestión de conocer como las diferencias biológicas entre los individuos se transforman en factores de discriminación social. En este sentido, diversos problemas de salud actuales chocan con la definición de "cuerpo" ideal. La gordura es un buen ejemplo para comprender como las modas sociales utilizan la categorización de enfermedad "etiquetando" lo "normal" en un momento dado como "patológico" en otro. La exclusión social de las personas obesas, el rechazo a la obesidad y la construcción social de su figura marginal correspondiente, adquieren una relevancia merecedora de un análisis sociológico mas exhaustivo. Por este motivo, es necesario comprender como se han impuesto criterios sociales para estigmatizar a personas cuyo peso no es un riesgo para la salud ni un obstaculo para su vida social...
 

Urban agriculture (UA) is a widespread practice often considered low-profit, taking place on marginal lands. This is supported by the lack of quantitative data on UA’s contributions to food security and employment, yet contradicted by prevalence and high participation rates. This case study of six UA sites in Kisumu, Kenya and Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso explores the relationship between prior land use and current management and soil quality. A soil survey is performed determining the soil macronutrient and soil mineral composition. Agricultural management, ownership, and prior land use are investigated through interviews, satellite imagery, and historic publications. Results show three UA sites predating surrounding urban development, and data on soil nutrient content show that sites likely were chosen for their soil. The three younger sites are smaller and less embedded in the local economy, but soil analysis shows medium-rich to rich agricultural soils. We conclude that one cannot assume that UA is practiced on marginalized soils. Consequently, both value attribution to and the sustainable agricultural management of UA soils must be based on their characteristics, such as mineralogy and nutrient status, to prevent valuable soil resources from being lost. Through this, the more accurate value attribution of UA can be achieved, lending weight to the value attributed to UA by local communities.

Resumen en español e inglés

One of the most challenging issues in Mediterranean ecosystems to date has been to understand the emergence of discontinuous changes or catastrophic shifts. In the era of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, which encompass ideas around Land Degradation Neutrality, advancing this understanding has become even more critical and urgent. The aim of this paper is to synthesize insights into the drivers, processes and management of catastrophic shifts to highlight ways forward for the management of Mediterranean ecosystems. We use a multidisciplinary approach that extends beyond the typical single site, single scale, single approach studies in the current literature. We link applied and theoretical ecology at multiple scales with analyses and modeling of human–environment–climate relations and stakeholder engagement in six field sites in Mediterranean ecosystems to address three key questions: How do major degradation drivers affect ecosystem functioning and services in Mediterranean ecosystems? What processes happen in the soil and vegetation during a catastrophic shift? How can management of vulnerable ecosystems be optimized using these findings? Drawing together the findings from the use of different approaches allows us to address the whole pipeline of changes from drivers through to action. We highlight ways to assess ecosystem vulnerability that can help to prevent ecosystem shifts to undesirable states; identify cost-effective management measures that align with the vision and plans of land users; and evaluate the timing of these measures to enable optimization of their application before thresholds are reached. Such a multidisciplinary approach enables improved identification of early warning signals for discontinuous changes informing more timely and cost-effective management, allowing anticipation of, adaptation to, or even prevention of, undesirable catastrophic ecosystem shifts.

Vandaag verzoekt de heer Van Dam me telefonisch om een verwijskaart voor een gnatoloog. ‘Een gnatoloog?’, zeg ik. ‘Ja, een gnatoloog, daar heeft de fysiotherapeut me naartoe verwezen. Ik heb al een afspraak gemaakt en ik word over drie dagen in het academisch ziekenhuis verwacht.’ Dat verzoek schiet me in het verkeerde keelgat. Wie is de heer Van Dam? En wat is hier nou eigenlijk aan de hand?

Omdat dit boek zich richt op de praktijk van de zorg, dus op het beslissen en handelen van zorgverleners en zorgvragers, bestuderen we de zorgpraktijk zowel van bovenaf, vanuit de theorie, als van onderaf, vanuit de praktijk. De casuïstiek in dit boek is een selectie van praktijkvoorbeelden die zijn aangeleverd door verschillende zorgverleners: artsen, verpleegkundigen, geestelijk verzorgers. Omdat dit boek gaat over zorg aan het einde van het leven, is het moeilijk praktijkvoorbeelden te laten aanleveren door zorgvragers, maar we hebben ook casuïstiek ontvangen van een aantal naasten van zorgvragers. Aan de hand van deze praktijkvoorbeelden proberen wij de volgende vragen te beantwoorden: wat maakt zorg aan het einde van het leven tot geslaagde zorg? En wat kunnen wij daarvan leren als artsen, verpleegkundigen, andere zorgverleners, zorgvragers, en directe naasten van zorgvragers?

End-of-life recycling is promoted by OECD countries as a promising strategy in the current global supply crisis surrounding rare earth elements (REEs) so that dependence on China, the dominant supplier, can be decreased. So far the feasibility and potential yield of REE recycling has not been systematically evaluated. This paper estimates the annual waste flows of neodymium and dysprosium from permanent magnets, the main deployment of these critical REEs, during the 2011-2030 period. The estimates focus on three key permanent magnet waste flows: wind turbines, hybrid and electric vehicles, and hard disk drives (HDDs) in personal computers (PCs). This is a good indication of the end-of-life recycling of neodymium and dysprosium maximum potential yield. Results show that for some time to come, waste flows from permanent magnets will remain small relative to the rapidly growing global REE demand. Policymakers therefore need to be aware that during the next decade recycling is unlikely to substantially contribute to global REE supply security. In the long term, waste flows will increase sharply and will meet a substantial part of the total demand for these metals. Future REE recycling efforts should, therefore, focus on the development of recycling technology and infrastructure.