Design Science (United States)

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo a investigação sobre a aplicabilidade da abordagem Design Science na estruturação dos trabalhos de conclusão do Mestrado Profissional em Administração. Embora nas pesquisas de Administração utilizem-se métodos diversos como estudo de caso, pesquisa Survey, pesquisa-ação, ou pesquisa bibliográfica, dentre outros, para estudo de um fenômeno, podem ser analisados sob a abordagem Design Science, conforme afirmaram Dresch, Lacerda e Miguel (2015). Assim, trabalhos que visam a fornecer à sociedade soluções pragmáticas e utilitárias por meio do conhecimento científico, cujo elo é a universidade, por um lado, contribuem para a consolidação do método Design Science, ainda pouco explorado na área da Administração, pelo outro, contribuem para fortalecer e consolidar a identidade do Mestrado Profissional em Administração.

Building energy efficiency degree depends upon early design decisions.Nevertheless, most of software used to evaluate buildings the energy efficiency requires information generally available at final stages of building design process.The BIM technology allows the designer to perform different types of simulation and design a parameterized model, allowing agile simulations of building performance, enabling the construction of more efficient buildings.The objective of this work is to describe the development of a support tool for design process in early stages called IDEEA -Integrating Energetic Performance in Architecture, for designers to estimate the energy efficiency of single family dwellings in the early stages of the development of the architectural object using BIM technology.The IDEEA tool has been conceived as a system based on the Design Science methodology, in an iterative process, and considers energy performance from the early phases of the design process, with support for decision making, and the results found, allows us to believe that the objective of the research was contemplated, contributing to the development of buildings with better energy performance.The validation of the tool occurred in a workshop carried on at the university, through trials, and pilot studies, comparing the results obtained with those existing in the literature.

The paper presents the scenario of the use of programming by architects who create their own design tools by programming and customizing plug-ins using BIM software. It seeks to identify in which ways the project technologies can collaborate with the qualification of the same, regarding the participation of Persons with Visual Disability (PcDV) throughout the process. Therefore, its objective is to identify parameters, measurable for digital language, equalizers between normative, PvDV and designers, that aim at the qualification and the insertion of floors directed to the PcDV. The research uses the codesign for the effective and practical participation of the PcDV. And from Design Science Research's strategy to propose a plug-in for the Autodesk Revit platform using Dynamo software that enables designers to access floor parameters directly on their design platform that interrelates the spatial needs of the PcDVs and the parameters of technical standards more assertively. The article will present the tool's programming. Therefore, theoretical, practical and academic contributions are presented because the research seeks to broaden the knowledge and advances in the use of methodological forms that seek to reduce the existing gaps of the problem in question.

IntroductionOpioid overdose rescue situations are time-critical, high-stress scenarios that frequently require nonmedical first responders or bystanders to intervene and administer naloxone to avoid opioid-induced fatalities. Training nonmedical personnel to respond during such mentally constraining situations presents the human factors challenge of how best to design a safe and effective lay delivery system. This paper comparatively evaluates the ease of use of two nasal naloxone administration products: NARCAN® Nasal Spray and a naloxone prefilled syringe with nasal atomizer (PFS-NA).MethodsWe evaluated the use requirements and usability of NARCAN® Nasal Spray versus a naloxone PFS-NA using a systems-oriented method. First, we determined the use requirements of different user groups. Next, we focused on constructing a human factors task analysis of both products. Finally, we conducted a comparative risk assessment of the tasks that were different between the two products.ResultsInexperienced users, such as nonmedical first responders and bystanders, are at the highest risk of incorrectly administering naloxone, particularly in high-stress emergency opioid overdose situations. The device Preparation and Medication Delivery tasks most differentiate the use of NARCAN® Nasal Spray and a PFS-NA. The level of task complexity and number of steps within those tasks is substantially greater for a PFS-NA than for the NARCAN® Nasal Spray.ConclusionsNARCAN® Nasal Spray requires fewer steps and is easier to administer than a naloxone PFS-NA. Thus, using NARCAN® Nasal Spray should increase the likelihood that nonmedical personnel correctly deliver naloxone in time-critical, high-stress opioid overdose rescue situations.FundingADAPT Pharma, Inc.

Although eye tracking has been used to analyze user interfaces, the technology poses numerous challenges when applied to environments in which people move, work, and interact. Aren’t eye trackers limited to studying two-dimensional planes? How might the device help to understand activities that are not exclusively visual? These questions are integral to ethnography, the observational study of peoples’ interactions with products, processes, and places. We offer answers by way of two bodies of research. The first was conducted to optimize Instructions for Use (IFUs) for medical devices. The second was an exploratory study conducted to adapt eye trackers to manual tasks. The objective was to cultivate interpretive methods for evaluating visual and non-visual perception in eye-tracking data (i.e., fixation duration, gaze plots, heat maps). We suggest that the latter body of research illuminates new opportunities for ethnographic fieldwork to examine how medical professionals move their bodies when simultaneously carrying out procedures and viewing visual systems.

Abstract This report describes the pilot conducted in the final phase of a project, Expanding Audio Access to Mathematics Expressions by Students With Visual Impairments via MathML, to provide easy‐to‐use tools for authoring and rendering secondary‐school algebra‐level math expressions in synthesized speech that is useful for students with blindness or low vision. The pilot evaluated the authoring and speech‐rendition tools, including interactive navigation. Teachers participated in the portion of the study that evaluated the authoring tools. Secondary school students with blindness or low vision participated in the portion that evaluated the speech‐rendition and navigation tools, comparing those tools to each student's usual method (braille or print) for working with math. The teachers received an interactive authoring tutorial and the students received an interactive navigation tutorial before using the tools studied. Prior to the pilot, feedback studies on authoring and navigation gathered information that was used to fine‐tune the tutorials and the functionalities being evaluated. In the pilot we attempted to simulate a likely use‐case for each group. In the students' case, the tools for reading and navigating spoken mathematics were compared directly with the methods each student typically used for reading math (braille or print in a size appropriate for the student). Teachers and content providers were instructed to author math expressions that matched those used in the pilot instruments given to the students. The studies showed that the authoring tools were easy for teachers to use as intended and that little observable difference existed between students' success in answering math and math‐parsing questions when using the spoken math tools and their success in answering parallel questions posed in braille or print of appropriate size. Please see Appendix E for information on obtaining a version of this report that is fully accessible using the tools described.

Abstract The work described in this report is the first phase of a project to provide easy‐to‐use tools for authoring and rendering secondary‐school algebra‐level math expressions in synthesized speech that is useful for students with blindness or low vision. This report describes the initial development, software implementation, and evaluation of the ClearSpeak speech style—implemented for initial testing purposes using prerecorded synthetic speech, and implemented later in the project as a collection of predefined rules and in some cases variations (called preferences in ClearSpeak)—for automatically generated synthetic speech. In addition to wording, speech styles can specify pausing (or other prosodic cues) within the speech. The ClearSpeak style focuses on speech for secondary school algebra. The evaluation compares a prototype of the ClearSpeak style to two pre‐existing speech styles: MathSpeak and SimpleSpeak. The primary parameters evaluated are students' success in drawing conclusions about the content and structure of math expressions and their perceptions regarding the familiarity, helpfulness, and understandability of the expressions as spoken. Please see Appendix E for information on obtaining a version of this report that is fully accessible using the tools described.

Introduction Home hemodialysis has not been widely adopted despite superior outcomes relative to conventional in-center hemodialysis. Patients receiving home hemodialysis experience high rates of technique failure owing to machine complexity, training burden, and the inability to master treatments independently. Methods We conducted human factors testing on 15 health care professionals (HCPs) and 15 patients upon release of the defined training program on the Tablo™ Hemodialysis System. Each participant completed one training and one testing session conducted in a simulated clinical environment. Training sessions lasted <3 hours for HCPs and <4 hours for patients, with an hour break between sessions for knowledge decay. During the testing session, we recorded participant behavior and data according to standard performance and safety-based criteria. Findings Of 15 HCPs, 10 were registered nurses and five patient care technicians, with a broad range of dialysis work experience and no limitations other than visual correction. Of 15 patients (average age 48 years), 13 reported no limitations and two reported modest limitations-partial deafness and blindness in one eye, respectively. The average error rate was 4.4 per session for HCPs and 2.9 per session for patients out of a total possible 1,710 opportunities for errors. Despite having received minimal training, neither HCPs nor patients committed safety-related errors that required mitigation; rather, we noted only minor errors and operational difficulties. Discussion The Tablo™ Hemodialysis System is easy to use, and may help to enable self-care and home hemodialysis in settings heretofore associated with high rates of technique failure.

写真画像に石垣の境界線を発生させたような石垣模様風画像を生成するノンフォトリアリスティックレンダリングの手法を提案する．提案法は，逆線集中度平均フィルタを用いた反復処理によって石垣模様風画像を生成する．提案法の有効性を検証するために，レナのカラー画像を用いた実験を行い，提案法で必要となるパラメータの値を変えた場合に生成される石垣模様風画像の見栄えを視覚的に評価する．また，石垣模様が発生しにくい領域にも石垣模様を発生できるように，カラー画像の画素値を変換する手法とその実験の結果も示す．