Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Abteilung Rom

One of the apostolic fields in which the Society of Jesus was involved since its foundation in 1540 was the missiones ad gentes [missions among non-Christians], which produced a constant flow of European missionaries to other continents. Specifically, the Jesuit provinces of Spain sent many missionaries beyond their borders, creating administrative units that were initially dependent on the metropolis and later became autonomous Jesuit territories. There are many partial studies of many of the realities related to the Jesuit missions; We now intend to take a brief historical overview to illustrate this centrifugal trend in Spain within the Jesuit sphere, both in the old Society (before its suppression by Pope Clement XIV in 1773) and in the contemporary one (since its restoration by Pope Pius VII in 1814). To this end, we will briefly review demographic and geographical data, which provide overall figures and territorial configurations throughout the history of the Society of Jesus.

In 2018, an interdisciplinary German-Greek collaborative project was launched in the central Kephissos Valley in ancient Phokis, under the direction of Petros Kounouklas from the Ephorate of Phthiotida and Evrytania and Katja Sporn, Director of the German Archaeological Institute at Athens (DAI Athens). The aim of the Kephissos Valley Project (KEP) is to reconstruct the settlementdevelopment and respective sanctuaries, necropoleis, and infrastructure throughout Antiquity within its natural environmental context. In addition to researching the impact of specific historical events (e.g., destructions, re-settlements, etc.), particularly the question of how natural and/or human-induced phenomena (i.e., possible changes in the river course and water ways,ramifications of floods and earthquakes, etc.) affected the use of the fertile fields on both sides of the Kephissos river and the re-location of settlements, is of great importance. The chronological range of the project spans from the Bronze Age to Late Antiquity but mainly focuses on the periods from the foundation of the Greek city-states to Late Antiquity.

The complete dechlorination of C60Cl6 or C60Cl12 to C60 was achieved smoothly and at ambient temperature in a compressed pellet of cesium iodide (CsI). The progress of the dechlorination reaction was followed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The pseudofirst order kinetic rate constants of dechlorination of both compounds were determined from the νC-Cl bands leading to the following values: k = 7.26 × 10−5 s−1 for C60Cl12 and k’ = 6.61 × 10−5 s−1 for C60Cl6. Furthermore, both C60Cl6 and C60Cl12 were studied with thermogravimetric and derivative analysis (TGA-DTG) to confirm their composition and their thermal stability. Only for C60Cl12, the activation energy for the thermal decomposition was determined at 163 kJ/mol with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the decomposition enthalpy was determined at 381.5 ± 55 kJ/mol. From the latter value, the enthalpy of formation of C60Cl12 was estimated at 1498 ± 136 kJ/mol.

Introduction: This case highlights the unique challenge of difficult-to-treat depression (DTD), a complex condition that distinguishes itself from treatment-resistant depression (TRD) due to its multifaceted nature. DTD is characterized by comorbidities, childhood trauma, symptomatic variability, personal history, substance use, and adherence issues, presenting a significant clinical challenge. Unlike TRD, typically defined by the failure of at least two adequate pharmacological treatments, DTD requires a more comprehensive approach. Recent literature supports a multidisciplinary treatment strategy as the most effective in managing DTD. The patient's main concerns and important clinical findings: We present the case of a 63-year-old female patient with a long-standing history of unresolved depressive disorder despite multiple pharmacological treatments. Her primary concerns included severe anhedonia, persistent suicidal ideation, and impaired personal and familial functioning. The patient's history included prior failed treatments, highlighting the complexity of her case. Primary diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes: The patient was diagnosed with DTD. A personalized treatment plan was implemented, integrating a clearly defined multidisciplinary approach: pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy (with a focus on grief and trauma processing), and psychosocial support, including active family involvement through psychoeducation sessions. Neurostimulation techniques were discussed as a potential alternative but were not applied in this case. Over time, the patient demonstrated significant improvement, with a reduction in depressive symptoms, resolution of suicidal ideation, and enhanced personal and familial functioning. Conclusion: This case underscores the need for a personalized treatment approach for DTD that goes beyond pharmacotherapy to include psychotherapy, psychosocial support, and alternative options, such as neurostimulation when indicated. Active involvement of patients and their families is crucial, as evidenced by improvements in clinical and functional scores. Continuous monitoring and treatment adjustments based on objective measures (e.g., HRS-D, GAF, DTDQ) further optimize outcomes. The case exemplifies how an integrated treatment strategy can address the complexities of DTD, leading to long-term recovery and improved quality of life. The key takeaway is that managing DTD requires a comprehensive and individualized approach.

The ancient Turkic script, which became the foundation for the writing systems of the Turkic-speaking peoples of the Eurasian steppes and Transcaucasia, was developed in the 6th-7th centuries. Written documents from the ancient Turks have been preserved in the form of stone stelae, brief inscriptions, and personal notification. The analysis of these texts provides insights into the political, economic, and social history of the ancient Turkic era. This article examines aspects of the state structure of the Turkic peoples from the 6th to the 15th centuries as indicated by written monuments displayed at the National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The sources for this article include copies of the stelae of Kul Tigin, Tonyukuk, El Etmish Bilge Khagan, as well as monuments from the ancient Uighur period, specifically the Doloodoyn monuments. Additionally, translations of Mahmud alKashgari’s “Diwan-i Lughat al-turk” and Yusuf Balasaguni’s “Kutadgu Bilig” are considered to discuss the political structure of the Turkic states. These sources are available in the Ancient Turkic Civilization exhibition halls and the Hall of the History of Kazakhstan from the 13th to the 20th centuries at the National Museum of Kazakhstan.

Introdução: Os casos de dengue no Brasil recrudescem a cada dia. A dengue é uma arbovirose transmitida principalmente pelo mosquito Aedes Aegypti, podendo apresentarse de forma assintomática, clássica ou com evolução grave que resulte em óbito. A patologia não tem tratamento específico e após o diagnóstico, através de investigação clínica e exame laboratorial, as orientações médicas dizem respeito a hidratação, repouso, e administração de paracetamol ou dipirona, conforme a necessidade. Os profissionais da saúde alertam ainda para que se evite o uso, dentre outros medicamentos, de ácido acetilsalicílico. A plaquetopenia é um achado frequente no hemograma de pessoa acometida por dengue, e a população há muito faz uso de diversas terapêuticas, como a fitoterapia que utiliza plantas com fins medicinais, a exemplo da utilização da folha do mamoeiro. Objetivo: Analisar a literatura científica sobre o efeito farmacológico da folha do mamoeiro na plaquetopenia por dengue. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizada revisão sobre a temática em artigos científicos, cujos descritores referiram-se a dengue, plaquetopenia, folha do mamoeiro e a relação entre eles. Utilizados os filtros idioma língua portuguesa e inglesa, e intervalo temporal de 2013 a 2023, em periódicos nacionais e repositórios bibliográficos Google Acadêmico e PubMed. Resultado: Estudos revelam propriedades significativas de agentes fitoquímicos encontrados na folha do mamão no manejo da dengue, que podem agir como antivirais, anti-inflamatórios, e especificamente na contagem de plaquetas, seja no aumento da trombopoiese, seja diminuindo a destruição plaquetária, como ainda realizando a ativação das plaquetas, contribuindo sobremaneira para evitar sangramento e/ou necessidade de transfusão sanguínea. Conclusão: Embora o tema seja pouco investigado, a literatura aponta para efeitos farmacológicos positivos de substratos oriundos do chá, suco e/ou extrato da folha do mamão no tratamento da plaquetopenia por dengue, o que pode contribuir como alternativa terapêutica para melhoria do prognóstico da doença.

BackgroundFew data are available about the durability of the response, the induction of neutralizing antibodies, and the cellular response upon the third dose of the anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine in hemato-oncological patients.ObjectiveTo investigate the antibody and cellular response to the BNT162b2 vaccine in patients with hematological malignancy.MethodsWe measured SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibodies, anti-Omicron neutralizing antibodies, and T-cell responses 1 month after the third dose of vaccine in 93 fragile patients with hematological malignancy (FHM), 51 fragile not oncological subjects (FNO) aged 80–92, and 47 employees of the hospital (healthcare workers, (HW), aged 23-66 years. Blood samples were collected at day 0 (T0), 21 (T1), 35 (T2), 84 (T3), 168 (T4), 351 (T pre-3D), and 381 (T post-3D) after the first dose of vaccine. Serum IgG antibodies against S1/S2 antigens of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were measured at every time point. Neutralizing antibodies were measured at T2, T3 (anti-Alpha), T4 (anti-Delta), and T post-3D (anti-Omicron). T cell response was assessed at T post-3D.ResultsAn increase in anti-S1/S2 antigen antibodies compared to T0 was observed in the three groups at T post-3D. After the third vaccine dose, the median antibody level of FHM subjects was higher than after the second dose and above the putative protection threshold, although lower than in the other groups. The neutralizing activity of antibodies against the Omicron variant of the virus was tested at T2 and T post-3D. 42.3% of FHM, 80,0% of FNO, and 90,0% of HW had anti-Omicron neutralizing antibodies at T post-3D. To get more insight into the breadth of antibody responses, we analyzed neutralizing capacity against BA.4/BA.5, BF.7, BQ.1, XBB.1.5 since also for the Omicron variants, different mutations have been reported especially for the spike protein. The memory T-cell response was lower in FHM than in FNO and HW cohorts. Data on breakthrough infections and deaths suggested that the positivity threshold of the test is protective after the third dose of the vaccine in all cohorts.ConclusionFHM have a relevant response to the BNT162b2 vaccine, with increasing antibody levels after the third dose coupled with, although low, a T-cell response. FHM need repeated vaccine doses to attain a protective immunological response.