Dibrugarh University

Assam, Northeast India, is a part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. This rich floristic repository provides an abundant resource for ethnomedicinal practices among indigenous Assamese communities and frequently utilizes locally available medicinal plants for the treatment of various disorders. This study focuses on documenting the traditionally used plant-based formulations used by local practitioners in Assam, Northeast India, for the treatment of liver diseases. We searched various databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, to find ethnomedicinal surveys conducted in Assam. The search was performed using different terms, including ethnomedicinal survey, folk medicine, and indigenous knowledge. A total of 151 medicinal plant species belonging to 62 families were identified as being employed in the management of liver disorders. Leaves are the most commonly utilized plant part because of their accessibility and ease of harvesting. Among families, Asteraceae and Fabaceae are most dominant in local hepatoprotective practices. Folk medicine is the result of decades of accumulated knowledge and practices by people who live in rural communities, based on their needs, and provides an important source of information to assist the search for new pharmaceuticals, which are safe, effective, and inexpensive. These findings emphasize the importance of traditional ethnomedicinal knowledge in managing liver diseases and highlight species with strong therapeutic potential. Further pharmacological and phytochemical validation is required to confirm their efficacy. This study also underscores the socioeconomic relevance of preserving indigenous medicinal practices and supports the integration of validated traditional remedies into broader healthcare frameworks.

Abstract: Automotive radiators are essential components of vehicle thermal management systems, and the integration of nanofluids has significantly enhanced their performance. Considerable advancements have been achieved through the application of advanced nanomaterials such as aluminum oxide, copper oxide, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, graphene oxide, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Al₂O₃ nanofluids exhibit heat transfer rate improvements of up to 43%, while CuO nanofluids demonstrate thermal conductivity enhancements of 40% and an increase in heat transfer coefficient exceeding 116%. TiO₂ nanofluids enhance radiator effectiveness by up to 47%, and ecofriendly SiO₂ nanofluids derived from rice husks achieve heat transfer coefficient improvements of 36.92%. GO nanofluids showcase exceptional thermal conductivity improvements of 83.7%, and MWCNT nanofluids increase convective heat transfer rates by up to 40%. Further advancements have been achieved with hybrid nanofluids that combine the properties of multiple nanomaterials for superior performance. Al₂O₃-CuO and Al₂O₃-TiO₂ hybrids boost heat transfer by up to 46%, while GO-SiO₂ blends combine high conductivity and stability for better thermal dissipation and lower pressure drops. CNC-CuO achieves over 92% heat transfer improvement, and ternary fluids such as CuO-MgO-TiO₂ offer efficient and energy-saving performance. GnP-MWCNT hybrids enhance thermal conductivity and convective transfer, supporting compact radiator designs and improved fuel efficiency. These results highlight the vital role of nanofluids in advancing automotive radiator technology.

Citrobacter spp., a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming rods, belong to the Enterobacteriaceae family. They are widely distributed in natural environments, including soil, water, and sewage, and are also part of the intestinal flora of humans and animals. These bacteria often act as opportunistic pathogens, posing a severe threat to immunocompromised and the intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Therefore, the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR)Citrobacterstrains represents a rapidly escalating clinical concern. This review discusses the emergence of MDRCitrobacter spp. and explores the bacterial strategies and mechanisms that contribute to the development and persistence of antimicrobial resistance. A narrative review of the published literature was conducted, focusing on clinical, experimental and surveillance studies that describe antibiotic resistance patterns and mechanisms in Citrobacter spp. Citrobacter spp. are associated with a range of infections, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), gastrointestinal diseases, neonatal meningitis, and sepsis. Recent reports indicate a growing prevalence of MDR Citrobacter, resistant to multiple antibiotic classes, including some last-resort agents. They utilize β-lactamases production, efflux pump overexpression, target-site modifications, and mobile genetic elements to acquire and spread resistance. Citrobacter has evolved as a significant opportunistic pathogen. Extensive investigation into its resistance genes, regulatory pathways and horizontal gene transfer mechanisms is essential for drug development, drug repurposing and generation of alternative therapeutic options to mitigate antibiotic overuse.

This study investigates the often overlooked reintegration challenges of short-term ex-prisoners in India who served brief sentences for non-violent offenses such as substance use and minor theft. Despite their limited incarceration, participants reported enduring post-release disruptions in family relationships, employment, and social identity. Using qualitative interviews with 17 ex-prisoners (10 men and 7 women) in Assam and Delhi, thematic analysis revealed four major barriers: stigma, emotional isolation, financial instability, and strained familial ties. Gender differences were evident, with men emphasizing external judgment and paternal disappointment, while women described emotional withdrawal, psychological confinement, and reluctance to seek support. These findings demonstrate that even short periods of incarceration can have lasting social and psychological consequences, yet this population remains largely neglected by policy and rehabilitation programs. The absence of targeted services heightens vulnerability to recidivism and prolonged marginalization. The study discuss the urgent need for culturally sensitive interventions such as counseling, vocational training, and community-based support networks to address stigma, rebuild trust, and promote successful reintegration. By focusing on this under-researched group, the study contributes to rethinking correctional practices in India and advancing more humane and inclusive reintegration policies.

Government scholarship schemes play a crucial role in promoting access to higher education by removing financial barriers. This study aims at analyzing the effectiveness of different government scholarship schemes granted by all the tiers of government in India- central, state and local levels. The study is confined to various colleges in Dibrugarh District of Assam using random sampling. Primary data were collected from 163 undergraduate and postgraduate students through a structured Google Form questionnaire. Information on various government scholarship programs like Ishan Uday, NSP Post-Matric Scholarship, MLA scholarship, Nijut Moina scheme, DHE Combined merit scholarship, and other relevant scholarships was collected from the official websites. Descriptive statistics, percentage analysis, mean and standard deviation were employed to assess the effectiveness of these scholarships on academic performance, financial burden, educational continuity and overall satisfaction. The findings indicate that there is a positive influence of scholarships on students’ ability to continue higher education and manage academic expenses. However, challenges like complex and lengthy procedure, delayed disbursement, limited awareness among the students were reported. The study highlights the need for improvement in implementation process along with simplified application procedure and timely disbursement of the fund for achieving the intended goal of these scholarship programs in educational institutions.

In this paper, we present a brief analysis of the evolution of theories of dynamical systems applied in various mathematical Models. In this study, the contributions of some notable mathematicians have been extensively discussed in the context of multiple applications of mathematical theories to dynamical systems. The investigation of the stability of periodic solutions, the stability of equilibrium, and Poincaré‟s periodicity has also been discussed in this paper. Moreover, an extensive study has been carried out on a brief application of the Poincaré Maps, the Last Geometric Theorem, the Restricted Three-Body Problem, the Generalized Hopf bifurcation, and the Van der Pol and Lienard equation for various mathematical models applied in dynamical systems.