DuPont (Denmark)

El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar los resultados y complicaciones del drenaje percutáneo de colecciones abdominales, realizados por cirujanos en la Unidad de Emergencia. Se diseño un protocolo prospectivo a ser aplicado a todos los pacientes con colecciones intra-abdominales que fueron evaluados en la Unidad de Emergencia del hospital Guayaquil “Abel Gilbert Pontón” o que habiéndose diagnosticado en otra unidad fueron derivados para evaluación.
 Entre Enero del 2009 a Diciembre 2010 se evaluó 30 pacientes; nuestro resultados demuestran que el drenaje percutáneo de colecciones intraabdominales realizado por cirujanos es un método seguro y eficiente con un bajo índice de complicaciones y un éxito superior al 93% al ser utilizado como único tratamiento asociado a antibióticos. Los resultados fueron, curativo 70% de los casos, paliativo en el 23% de los casos y fracaso 7%.
 En muchos casos debería ser considerado el tratamiento de elección, pero hay circunstancias especiales que requieren otros tratamientos específicos. Los abscesos típicos localizados en órganos de parénquimas sólidos y en el seno del peritoneo son fácilmente diagnosticados por los diferentes medios de imágenes y se pueden drenar de manera eficiente.
 El tratamiento percutáneo, supone una alternativa válida al tratamiento quirúrgico tradicional, bien como tratamiento definitivo, bien como tratamiento paliativo que nos permite mejorar el estado clínico del paciente de forma previa a la cirugía.

La incidencia del Hepatocarcinoma se incremento en los últimos años especialmente en los pacientes cirróticos por alcohol y por virus de hepatitis C, por esta razón que hoy en día el tratamiento de estos pacientes está a cargo de un equipo multidisciplinario conformado por cirujanos de trasplante, hepatólogos, oncólogos, radiólogos. La incidencia de los pacientes con cirrosis que desarrollaron HCC es del 2 al 8%, en cambio en los estados Unidos la hospitalización de los pacientes con HCC y que cirrosis por alcohol fue de 8 a 9 por cada 100.000 habitantes esto no determina la incidencia de HCC en pacientes cirrótico por alcohol, pero si confirma el alcohol como importante factor de riesgo para desarrollar Hepatocarcinoma

La emergencia del hospital Dr. Abel gilbert Pontón fue considerado como un espacio analógico a la cuidad Gótica de New Jersey durante la pandemia. Este lugar era custodiado por un superhéroe anónimo de gran ingenio que elaboraba sus propias armas en respuesta a eventos negativos sobre la sociedad. Contexto que fue reconocido en los médicos que hicieron frente a la pandemia por COVID 19, en cumplimiento al juramento hipocrático de “<em>No llevar otro propósito que el bien y la salud de los enfermos</em>”. El 29 de febrero del 2020 se dio a conocer el primer caso de COVID-19 confirmado en el Ecuador de forma oficial. Esto alerto al Ministerio de Salud Pública (MSP) exigiendo la ejecución de las tácticas de contención como una barrera epidemiológica para evitar la propagación del virus en el país, sin éxito. Consecuentemente el 11 de marzo y de forma inesperada se declaró estado de emergencia a nivel nacional según acuerdo ministerial No 00126-2020, debido al incremento intempestivo de casos COVID-19. Según los análisis clínico-epidemiológicos aproximadamente el 80% de afectados por COVID-19 tienen la capacidad de no presentar sintomatología. Situación que ayudo a su distribución a nivel nacional en contra tiempo y sin distinción de edades, razas y sexo; resultando en una emergencia epidemiológica de carácter mundial.(Dr. C. Luis Eugenio Valdés García, 2020)

Introducción: Más de medio millón de mujeres murieron en el 2009 durante el embarazo o en el momento del parto; sin embargo, la mortalidad materna ha bajado menos del uno por ciento por año a nivel mundial. Objetivo: Estudiar los factores predisponentes de la Preeclampsia en pacientes de 20 a 30 años. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio documental, descriptivo, de corte transversal, tipo revisión sistemática, donde se incluyeron estudios con datos específicos de pacientes con preeclampsia en bases de datos electrónicas cuyas fuentes son Scielo, Mediplus y documentos en línea específicos. Resultados: En cuanto a las edades, en el rango de 20 a 22 años de edad hubo una incidencia del 17%; en el rango de 22 a 23 años un 35%; de 24 a 25 años un 48%. Analizando los antecedentes obstétricos, de los cuales el 73% tuvieron cesáreas previas y solo un 27% partos eutócicos previos. Por otro lado, un 96% eran multíparas y solo un 4% primigestas. Conclusión: Mantener una política de conducta expectante generalmente incluye la atención intrahospitalaria con corticoides para la maduración pulmonar fetal, sulfato de magnesio (según sea necesario), antihipertensivos (según sea necesario) y monitoreo fetal y materno cuidadoso para identificar las indicaciones para el parto (por ejemplo, hipertensión no controlada, deterioro del estado de la madre y del feto, incluidos disfunción orgánica y sufrimiento fetal).

Two commercial proteases (subtilisin-typed FNA from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and chymotrypsin-like NPP from Nocardiopsis prasina), porcine pepsin, porcine pancreatin having protease activity and their combinations were studied in vitro by LC-MS for their ability to digest soy protein isolate (SPI) under conditions close to those found in the stomach (pH 3.7) and small intestine (pH 6.5). The total number of peptides generated, and their size distribution were obtained under each set of the digestion conditions. These peptides were grouped according to their C-terminal amino acid (AA) residue (P1) and mass, based on which two concepts were proposed, i.e., Normalized Peptide Bond Cleavage Frequency (NPBCF) and Protease Substrate Broadness Index (PSBI). At pH 3.7, FNA+pepsin increased PSBI vs. pepsin alone by 2.7 and 4.9 percentage points (p.p.) at a SPI:protease ratio of 20:1 and 100:1, respectively. At pH 6.5, FNA+pancreatin improved PSBI by 9.1 and 10.2 p.p. at SPI:protease 20:1 and 100:1, respectively, vs. pancreatin alone. NPP generated 38% more peptides than FNA when administered with pancreatin at SPI:protease 200:1:1 and pH 6.5, but FNA alone (28.9) or FNA+pancreatin (29.1) gave a higher PSBI than pancreatin (22.2), NPP (20.3) and NPP+pancreatin (22.0). At pH 3.7 FNA generated 59% and 39% of peptides of pepsin at SPI:protease of 20:1 and 100:1, respectively, and both groups of peptides had similar size distribution. At pH 6.5 more small sized peptides were generated by FNA or FNA+pancreatin than pancreatin and NPP alone or pancreatin+NPP. In conclusion, FNA showed complementary effects with pepsin and pancreatin in terms of PSBI and generated more small sized peptides compared to NPP.

Two commercial proteases (subtilisin-typed FNA from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and chymotrypsin-like NPP from Nocardiopsis prasina), porcine pepsin, porcine pancreatin having protease activity and their combinations were studied in vitro by LC-MS for their ability to digest soy protein isolate (SPI) under conditions close to those found in the stomach (pH 3.7) and small intestine (pH 6.5). The total number of peptides generated, and their size distribution were obtained under each set of the digestion conditions. These peptides were grouped according to their C-terminal amino acid (AA) residue (P1) and mass, based on which two concepts were proposed, i.e., Normalized Peptide Bond Cleavage Frequency (NPBCF) and Protease Substrate Broadness Index (PSBI). At pH 3.7, FNA+pepsin increased PSBI vs. pepsin alone by 2.7 and 4.9 percentage points (p.p.) at a SPI:protease ratio of 20:1 and 100:1, respectively. At pH 6.5, FNA+pancreatin improved PSBI by 9.1 and 10.2 p.p. at SPI:protease 20:1 and 100:1, respectively, vs. pancreatin alone. NPP generated 38% more peptides than FNA when administered with pancreatin at SPI:protease 200:1:1 and pH 6.5, but FNA alone (28.9) or FNA+pancreatin (29.1) gave a higher PSBI than pancreatin (22.2), NPP (20.3) and NPP+pancreatin (22.0). At pH 3.7 FNA generated 59% and 39% of peptides of pepsin at SPI:protease of 20:1 and 100:1, respectively, and both groups of peptides had similar size distribution. At pH 6.5 more small sized peptides were generated by FNA or FNA+pancreatin than pancreatin and NPP alone or pancreatin+NPP. In conclusion, FNA showed complementary effects with pepsin and pancreatin in terms of PSBI and generated more small sized peptides compared to NPP.

The utility of a next generation biosynthetic bacterial 6-phytase (PhyG) in restoring bone ash, bone phosphorus (P) content and performance in piglets depleted in P was evaluated. A total of 9 treatments were tested as follows. Treatment 1, a negative control (NC) diet; treatments 2, 3, 4, NC supplemented with 250, 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg of PhyG; treatments 5, 6, NC supplemented with 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg of a commercial Buttiauxella sp phytase (PhyB); treatments 7, 8, 9, NC supplemented with monocalcium phosphate (MCP) to provide 0.7, 1.4 and 1.8 g/kg digestible P, equating to a digestible P content of 1.8, 2.5 and 2.9 g/kg. The latter constituting the positive control (PC) diet with adequate P and calcium (Ca). The NC was formulated without inorganic P (1.1 g digestible P/kg) and reduced in Ca (5.0 g/kg). Additional limestone was added to treatments 7 to 9 to maintain Ca-to-P ratio between 1.2 and 1.3. A total of 162 crossed Pietrain × (Large White × Landrace) 21-d-old piglets (50% males and 50% females) were fed adaptation diets until 42 d old and then assigned to pens with 2 pigs/pen and 9 pens/treatment in a completely randomized block design. Piglets were fed mash diets based on corn and soybean meal ad libitum for 28 d. At the end of the study, one piglet perpen was euthanized and the right feet collected for determination of bone strength, bone ash and mineral content. Compared with the PC, the NC group had reduced average daily gain (ADG) and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) during all growth phases and overall, and at d 28 (70 d old) NC pigs had bones with reduced ash, Ca and P content (P < 0.05). The PhyG at 250 FTU/kg improved bone ash vs. NC. Increasing PhyG dose linearly or quadratically improved bone ash, ADG and FCR (P < 0.05). At ≥ 500 FTU/kg, both PhyG and PhyB maintained ADG and FCR equivalent to PC. Linear regression analysis was done to compare the measured response parameters to increasing digestible P from MCP. Based on this analysis it was shown that PhyG and PhyB at 1,000 FTU/kg could replace 1.83 and 1.66 g/kg digestible P from MCP in the diet, respectively, on average across metacarpi bone ash, ADG or FCR. These findings suggest that the biosynthetic phytase is highly effective in the tested dietary setting.

The world-wide increasing demand for protein has lead to intensive search for sustainable alternative protein sources for monogastrics. Protein extracted from grass and forage legumes have the potential to become such source. However, the nutritional quality may depend on plant source, harvest-and processing conditions. Two studies with ileal-cannulated pigs fed concentrates with crude protein (CP) contents of 33-38% of DM separated from perennial ryegrass (PRG), red clover (RC), and lucerne (LU) had standardized ileal digestibilities of indispensable amino acids of 62-81, except Cys which ranged 13-37%; lower than of reference soybean meal (SBM). Higher CP content of the concentrates by improved harvest and processing technology may increase the nutritional quality. Such optimization is required for green biomass to be both environmentally and economically competitive as feed protein

SummaryThis study aims at identifying food ingredients that have potential to enhance satiety and therefore potentially can be used for preventing and treating obesity. To do so, effects of thirteen food ingredients on the secretion of gut satiety hormone glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) in enteroendocrine STC‐1 and HuTu‐80 cells were investigated. First, the effects of food ingredients on cell viability were investigated. This was done to determine if the individual ingredient affected cell viability, and in case so, to determine the ingredient concentration below which, the cell viability was unaffected. Enzyme‐treated whey protein, palmitic acid, stearic acid, green tea extract, and hesperidin did not affect GLP‐1 secretion. Functional soy protein, fractionated functional soy protein, acetylated monoglyceride, N‐oleoylethanolamine, epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate, hesperetin, rosemary extract, and kale extract increased GLP‐1 secretion in at least one cell line. However, the effects of the eight potent ingredients on GLP‐1 secretion need to be further investigated in vivo.