E.ON (Germany)

Abstract. This study reports on the first successful deployment of a new airborne eddy covariance (EC) setup to better characterize and quantify non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture. The system was deployed aboard the DLR research aircraft Cessna Caravan to quantify growing-season emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in Friesland, an agricultural region in the Netherlands, in early summer 2023. The EC system consists of a commercial quantum cascade laser spectrometer, specifically adapted for airborne observations and providing 10 Hz data of N2O and CH4, and the meteorological measurement suite METPOD, delivering data of the vertical wind, horizontal winds, water vapor and temperature. Our measurements are a novelty for N2O, since they are the first implementation of quantifying agricultural emissions with airborne EC, combining the advantages of regional-scale coverage, while maintaining high spatial resolution and hence are well suited to capture the spatial complexity of this dominant emission sector. The system provides fluxes with minimal low- and high-frequency distortions, low detection limits, and total uncertainties (30 %–100 %) comparable to other airborne methods, despite the complexity of agricultural emissions. During measurements in Friesland, we identified clear N2O emission hotspots and hot-moments, with peak fluxes of 0.34 µg m−2 s−1 on the regional-scale after intensive precipitation following a relatively dry period. Single small-scale hotspot emissions were as high as 1 µg m−2 s−1 In contrast, CH4 fluxes showed less temporal variations around a mean flux of 1.62 µg m−2 s−1 throughout the three-week campaign. N2O emissions were relatively high compared to other agricultural regions worldwide, and preliminary comparisons with EDGAR v8.0 and the Dutch emission inventory Emissieregistratie suggest substantial underestimation of growing-season N2O emissions in current inventories and the lack of an appropriate annual cycle. Our results further document the urgent need for independent verification of reported N2O and CH4 emissions from agriculture, which is the most dominant anthropogenic sector of non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions and is expected to become even more dominant in the future, with an increasing world population and food demand.

Innovative solutions and developments are being inspected to tackle rising electrical power demand to be supplied by clean forms of energy. The integration of renewable energy generations, varying nature loads, importance of active role of distribution system and consumer participation in grid operation has changed the landscape of classical power grids. Implementation of smarter applications to plan, monitor, operate the grid safely are deemed paramount for efficient, secure and reliable functioning of grid. These smarter applications for modern power systems demand capabilities such as real-time monitoring, dynamic security analysis, stochastic power flow calculations, large-scale data analytics, and high-dimensional combinatorial and constrained optimization. Although sophisticated computations to process gigantic volume of data to produce useful information in a time critical manner is the paradigm of future grid operations, these enhanced functionalities impose significantly higher computational demands compared to traditional approaches used in conventional power systems. Advancements in quantum technologies holds promising solution for dealing with demanding computational complexity of power system related applications. In this article, we lay out clear motivations for seeking quantum solutions for solving computational burden challenges associated with power system applications. Next, we present the fundamental principles of quantum computing, introduce key quantum algorithms, and offer a comparison of the computational load between classical and quantum approaches for few important mathematical problems, indicating their relevance to various power system applications. Additionally, we provide an overview of quantum solutions for various power system related applications available in current literature and suggest future topics for research. We further highlight challenges with existing quantum solutions for exploiting full quantum capabilities. To this end, this article serves as a bridge for power engineers to the quantum domain by outlining fundamental principles of quantum computation, facilitating a smoother transition to the future of power system computations and also provides quantum experts with insights into new application areas for quantum computing within power systems.

In this article, we generalize the approximate quantum compiling algorithm into a new method for cnot-depth reduction, which is apt to process wide target quantum circuits. Combining this method with state-of-the-art techniques for error mitigation and circuit compiling, we present a ten-qubit experimental demonstration of iterative amplitude estimation on a quantum computer. The target application is a derivation of the expected value of contract portfolios in the energy industry. In parallel, we also introduce a new variant of the quantum amplitude estimation algorithm, which we call dynamic amplitude estimation, as it is based on the dynamic circuit capability of quantum devices. The algorithm achieves a reduction in the circuit width in the order of the binary precision compared to the typical implementation of quantum amplitude estimation, while simultaneously decreasing the number of quantum-classical iterations (again in the order of the binary precision) compared to the iterative amplitude estimation. The calculation of the expected value, value at risk, and conditional value at risk of contract portfolios on quantum hardware provides a proof of principle of the new algorithm. INDEX TERMS Approximate quantum compiling (AQC), dynamic circuits, error mitigation, quantum amplitude estimation (QAE), quantum computing, risk analysis.

DSOs are still facing high volatility regarding their supply task which requires significant adaptations in network structure and operations. In addition to the ongoing integration of DER sites ramp-up in e-mobility and storages lead to multi-sector coupling. These developments induce high uncertainty in the definition of consistent future supply tasks which cannot be addressed by classical grid development and planning. In contrast we present an integrated holistic optimizing approach to these challenges.

Heinrich Bruns hatte 1891 eine umfangreiche Arbeit Zur Theorie der astronomischen Strahlenbrechung publiziert [Bruns 1891]. Spezielle aufwandige Berechnungen dazu hatte fur ihn der Student Felix Hausdorff ausgefuhrt, was Bruns auf Seite 190 seiner Arbeit ausdrucklich erwahnt. Einige wesentliche Punkte waren in Bruns’ Arbeit noch offen geblieben, und es lag nahe, einem besonders begabten Studenten wie Hausdorff die Bearbeitung dieser Punkte als Dissertationsthema zu ubertragen.

Am 18. April 1887 schrieb sich Felix Hausdorff in die Matrikellisten der Leipziger Universitat ein, um Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften zu studieren. Die Mathematik in Leipzig war zu diesem Zeitpunkt – verglichen mit vielen anderen deutschen Universitaten – mit drei Ordinarien und einem ordentlichen Honorarprofessor recht komfortabel ausgestattet.

Ab 1897 tritt Hausdorff als Autor gegenuber der Offentlichkeit in zwei ganz verschiedenen Gestalten auf: als mathematischer Forscher publiziert er unter seinem Namen die Resultate seiner Forschungen, unter dem Pseudonym Paul Mongre zeigt er sich dem Publikum als Aphoristiker, Lyriker, weite Felder umspannender Essayist und origineller philosophischer Kopf. Dabei uberwiegt mal die eine, mal die andere Seite: von 1897 bis etwa 1904 uberwiegt Mongre, danach der Mathematiker Hausdorff. Diese Doppelexistenz wird im zweiten Teil unseres Buches thematisiert.

Nach der Berufung von Gerhard Kowalewski als Ordinarius an die Deutsche Technische Hochschule in Prag war zum Sommersemester 1910 das planmasige Extraordinariat fur Mathematik an der Universitat Bonn vakant. In der Sitzung der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Abteilung der Philosophischen Fakultat wurde am 12.Januar 1910 einstimmig beschlossen, an erster Stelle pari passu Georg Landsberg und Felix Hausdorff, an zweiter Stelle Hans Hahn und an dritter Stelle Georg Faber vorzuschlagen.Wie der Dekan Anschutz in einem Schreiben vom 10.Januar bemerkte, ging dieser Vorschlag auf Study zuruck.

The Mediterranean Large Elasmobranchs Monitoring (MEDLEM) database contains over 3000 records (more than 4000 individuals) of large elasmobranch species from 20 different countries around the Mediterranean and Black seas, observed from 1666 to 2017. The main species included in the archive are the devil fish (1 813 individuals), the basking shark (939 individuals), the blue shark (585 individuals) and the great white shark (337 individuals).In the last decades other species such as the shortfin mako (166 individuals), the spiny butterfly ray (138) and the thresher shark (174 individuals) were reported with an increasing frequency. This was possibly due to an increased public awareness on the conservation status of sharks, and a consequent development of new monitoring programmes. MEDLEM does not have a homogeneous reporting coverage throughout the Mediterranean and Black seas and it should be considered as a database of observed species presence. Scientific monitoring efforts in the south-eastern Mediterranean and Black seas are generally lower than in the northern sectors and the absence in our database of some species does not imply their actual absence in these regions. Some considerations are made on the frequency and spatial distribution of records, size structure of the observed individuals for selected species, general area coverage and species involved as by-catch by fishing gear.

Lower extremity physical performance measured at one point in time is a powerful predictor of future disability. Whether information on previous lower extremity performance adds independent information to disability prediction compared to a single measure alone is unknown. Data are from community-dwelling men and women aged greater than or equal to 65 years enrolled in the Invecchiare in Chianti study who were free of mobility and activities of daily living (ADL) disability at baseline and at 3-year follow-up (n = 891). Walking speed and Short Physical Performance Battery were examined at baseline and at the 3-year follow-up (zero-time). Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between physical performance measures and incident mobility and ADL disability detected at the 6-year and 9-year follow-up. Walking speed and Short Physical Performance Battery score assessed at the zero-time strongly predicted development of mobility and ADL disability during the subsequent 6 years independent of walking speed/Short Physical Performance Battery score 3 years prior. Current lower extremity performance is a strong risk factor for subsequent mobility and ADL disability and is independent of performance 3 years prior, which has negligible independent prognostic value.