Earthwatch Institute

Under martial law, tourniquets are used both at the stage of providing pre-hospital tactical assistance on the battlefield and during evacuation, as well as by emergency services, rescuers, and civilians (in particular, for training and preparation for work in emergency situations). Aim. To analyze the state and key characteristics of the Ukrainian market for tourniquets, including its structure and dynamics, product range, price parameters, availability, and features of public procurement. Materials and methods. The analysis of scientific publications, regulatory acts, recommendations and protocols of tactical medicine, and information from the official websites of authorized bodies was performed. The study of the structure and dynamics of the tourniquet market for 2022–2025 was conducted (the retail pharmacy segment – according to data from the Proxima Research analytical system, the public procurement – according to data from the analytical module of the BI.ProZorro electronic procurement system). The analysis of the range, prices, and availability of tourniquets as of October 2025 was performed by monitoring the official websites of manufacturers, the Prom.ua platform, the Prozorro Market e-catalog, online stores, and pharmacies. Results and discussion. With the start of full-scale war, the demand for tourniquets in Ukraine has increased dramatically, leading to the formation of a specific market that combines public procurement, volunteer supplies, and commercial sales. Currently, a wide range of tourniquets is available in the Ukrainian market, which can be purchased through online stores and the Prom.ua platform. Pharmacy chains offer only 15 items (1–3 tourniquets in individual pharmacies), while the Prozorro Market e-catalog offers about 20. During 2022–2025, 10 trade names of tourniquets were sold through the pharmacy chain. All of them are officially registered in the Register of persons responsible for placing medical devices (MDs) in the market, but do not have recommendations for use in combat conditions. Purchases through the Prozorro system are limited and do not cover 100 % of the demand. There is a significant variation in prices for hemostatic MDs both within the group as a whole and for tourniquets of the same model/brand when purchased from different sources and by region. Conclusions. The tourniquet market in Ukraine is undergoing an intensive development due to the growth of military and security needs. The establishment of national production of tourniquets, the introduction of uniform quality and safety standards, the strengthening of regulatory supervision, as well as the systematic application of health technology assessment (HTA) are key prerequisites for improving the safety, efficiency, and soundness of procurement for the needs of security and defense forces, emergency services, and healthcare institutions.

筆者らは，耕作放棄水田に洪水を貯留した際に，そこに生息する動物の行動を把握するため，千葉県富里市の耕作放棄水田を一時的に冠水させ，冠水後の動物の行動を市民参加型調査によって調査した．併せてアンケートにより，参加者の調査に関する満足度，そして防災・減災に関する学びの実感を調査した．湛水開始から 30 分後の 1 時間と湛水開始から 3 時間後の 1 時間を動物の観察時間とした．後日，各班の記録と動物の写真を照合してデータのスクリーニングを行い，動物の行動を垂直移動，水平移動，飛来の 3 パターンに分類した．調査の結果，9 班 18 名の市民調査員から 20 目 88 分類群の動物に関する 325 件の観察記録が得られた．節足動物の分類群数が全体の 93％を占めた．各班の記録件数について，浸水直後のほうが浸水から 3 時間よりも有意に多かった．この要因として，浸水からの時間経過により，動物の移動が完了したことが考えられた．分類群と冠水に対する動物の行動が読み取れた記録は，187 件（58％）だった．このうち，垂直移動が 101 件，水平移動が 78 件，飛来が 8 件だった．垂直移動と水平移動の両方で記録数が最も多かったのはコウチュウ目だった．クモ目，バッタ目，カメムシ目，チョウ目，ハチ目も垂直・水平移動の記録数が比較的多かった．トンボ目のアカネ属には冠水時に形成された水域に飛来し，産卵行動を示す個体も観察された．また，同一種であっても，水平移動と垂直移動の両方が観察されることがあった．この結果は，対象種が冠水時にいた微小環境や到達した場所に伴い，受動的あるいは能動的な洪水回避行動が異なることが一因であると考えられる．調査では，短期間に多くのモニタリングデータを得ることができ，アンケート調査の結果から，回答者全員が調査プログラムに関して一定以上の満足度を実感していた．そのため，本調査プログラムは研究者と参加者どちらにもメリットを生み出すことができたと評価できる．

International audience

The MICS platform prototype for period 2 presents the initial, live, version of the MICS system and its user interfaces that are made available to the public. It is intended to be a demonstration of the technology involved, the impact assessment process and the output and guidance supplied through the MICS assessment tools. It involves and operationalises the assessment methodologies and support derived in WP2, and shows the responses to the validation activities of WP4.

Abstract Interest in citizen science is growing, including from governments and research funders. This interest is often driven by a desire for positive environmental impact, and the expectation that citizen science can deliver it by engaging the public and simultaneously collecting environmental data. Yet, in practice, there is often a gap between expected and realised impact. To close this gap, we need to better understand pathways to impact and what it takes to realise them. We articulate six key pathways through which citizen science can create positive environmental change: (1) environmental management; (2) evidence for policy; (3) behaviour change; (4) social network championing; (5) political advocacy; and (6) community action. We explore the project attributes likely to create impact through each of these pathways and show that there is an interplay between these project attributes and the needs and motivations of target participant groups. Exploring this interplay, we create a framework that articulates four citizen science approaches that create environmental impact in different ways: place-based community action; interest group investigation; captive learning research; and mass participation census.

<p>The deliverable addresses major knowledge gaps in strengthening NBSs by the inclusion of citizen science.</p>

This document describes the procedures and criteria that will be used to identify/recruit research participants, and the informed consent procedures that will be implemented for the participation of humans. Templates of the informed consent forms and information sheets (in language and terms intelligible to the participants) will be kept on file, as well as copies of opinions/approvals by ethics committees and/or competent authorities for the research with humans.

<p>This document constitutes Deliverable 4.1 of the MONOCLE project and provides an overview of the key performance indicators (KPIs) for each sensor or system as defined at the start of the project, briefly summarised as follows.</p>\n\n<p>Prosumer units of a Remote Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), either DJI Phantom 4 pro or DJI M200,  equipped with a range of cameras (RBG, Micasense Red-edge or Multispectral) are intended to be deployed by professionals and citizen science groups. These sensors measure radiance of the water surface and convert this to water-leaving reflectance, which will be validated by a TriOS Ramses, ASD Field Spec or WISP system. Concentrations of total suspended matter (TSM) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-<em>a</em>) derived from the camera imagery will be validated against laboratory measurements. Target measurement precision and performance accuracy for all parameters will be tested and are expected to depend on illumination conditions.</p>\n\n<p>The HSP1 is a fixed installation that will collect global and diffuse irradiance measurements, to be validated against a sun photometer (e.g. Cimel) in the field. Measurement precision is in the range of 3-5%, while target performance accuracy is 5% uncertainty/offset.</p>\n\n<p>The CLAM is presently a bench top flow-through system which measures <em>in situ </em>Chl-<em>a</em> concentrations.  Measurements will be validated against accredited laboratory analysis of Chl-<em>a</em> (e.g. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)).  Measurement range and precision are to be tested and feed back into the development cycle, while target performance accuracy will be 10% uncertainty/offset.</p>\n\n<p>The sun tracking radiometer platform is a ship-mounted device for control of the azimuth viewing angle of radiometers with respect to the sun and ship heading.  Reference values can be calculated from ship compass and solar position. Measurement precision is 1°, while target performance accuracy is <1% uncertainty assuming the viewing angle is consistently >90° and a ship heading is available.</p>\n\n<p>The iSPEX is a smartphone add-on for citizen science measurements of aerosol optical thickness (AOT), which will be adapted for MONOCLE to measure water colour.  Measurements of AOT will be validated against groundSPEX, MODIS or AERONET measurements.  AOT measurement precision is >5% per individual measurement and <1% when stacking >50 measurements, and target performance accuracy is <10% uncertainty/offset. </p>\n\n<p>The KdUINO is a profiling device from a surface buoy that measures the light extinction coefficient (<em>K<sub>d</sub></em>).  It will be adapted for MONOCLE with a new sensor and hardware, improved accuracy and temperature sensors.  Measurements will be validated in the laboratory against TriOS radiometers, and precision and accuracy will be defined during the MONOCLE campaigns to feed back into the development cycle.</p>\n\n<p> </p>\n\n<p>The WISPStation is a fixed installation which measures remote sensing reflectance (<em>R<sub>rs</sub></em>(l)). Measurements will be validated against other high-end calibrated field spectroradiometers (e.g. TriOS Ramses). Measurement precision is 2%, depending on the ambient light and wave conditions) and target performance accuracy will be determined during the MONOCLE campaigns.</p>\n\n<p>FreshWater Watch is an established citizen science method for monitoring of global freshwaters, which includes assessments of water colour, turbidity (Secchi tubes) and colourimetric phosphate measurement using inosine enzymatic reactions.  Phosphate measurements will be validated in the laboratory (Skalar SAN++ system autoanalyzer with ammonium molybdate). Measurement precision is 43% (Relative Standard Deviation - to be confirmed) and performance accuracy will be defined during the MONOCLE campaigns.</p>\n\n<p>The system KPIs described in this deliverable will inform planning of the forthcoming MONOCLE field campaigns as well as the novel development activities (WP2 & WP3) and innovation activities (WP5, WP6 & WP7).</p>

We explored the relationships between synthetic fertilizer use, yield, and ecosystem services in a coffee agroecosystem in the Tarrazú region in the central highlands of Costa Rica. Working in nine farms ranging from 0.3 to 2.7 ha in the CoopeTarrazú farmers' cooperative, we focused on two important indicators of ecosystem services: biological control agents and mycorrhizal fungi. Biological control agents (especially parasitoid wasps) are essential for population regulation of herbivorous arthropods that reside in coffee agroecosystems. Mycorrhizal fungi contribute to plant nutrition and disease resistance and produce a highly stable protein, glomalin, which is critical for soil aggregation. Soil aggregates hedge against erosion, particularly in sloping soils, by improving porosity. Slopes in this study ranged from 4% to 66%. We manipulated synthetic fertilizer levels in experimental plots ranging from 6.9% increase to 53.3% decrease in total N relative to control plots that received a standard amount of fertilizer. The effects on coffee yields, soil glomalin production by mycorrhizal fungi, and wasp diversity were examined. Yield and glomalin decreased, but parasitoid diversity increased with greater reductions in fertilizer application six months after application. Reducing fertilizer use may bolster biological control assemblages, while glomalin is more directly dependent on plant production.