Economic History Society

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of kidney cancer and is marked by pronounced intra-tumoural heterogeneity that complicates therapeutic response. Patient-derived organoids offer a physiologically relevant model to capture this diversity and evaluate treatment effects. When integrated with spatial transcriptomics, they might enable the mapping of spatially resolved transcriptional and isoform-level changes within the tumour microenvironment. We established a robust workflow for generating patient-derived ccRCC organoids, that are not passaged and retain original cellular components. These retain key features of the original tumours, including cancer cell, stromal, and immune components. Spatial transcriptomic profiling revealed multiple transcriptionally distinct regions within and across organoids, reflecting the intrinsic heterogeneity of ccRCC. Isoform-level analysis identified spatially variable expression of glutaminase (GLS) isoforms, with heterogeneous distributions of both the GAC and KGA variants. Treatment with NUC-7738, a phosphoramidate derivative of 3'-deoxyadenosine, induced marked transcriptional remodelling of organoids, including alterations in ribosomal and mitochondrial gene expression. This study demonstrates that combining long-read spatial transcriptomics with patient-derived organoid models provides a powerful and scalable approach for dissecting gene and isoform-level heterogeneity in ccRCC and for elucidating spatially resolved transcriptional responses to novel therapeutics.

Denna artikel ställer sig positiv till en tilltagande ekumenisk samstämmighet kring betydelsen av profetisk diakoni och undersöker hur väl detta begrepp fungerar i Sverige, där diakonalt arbete ofta sker i samverkan med det offentliga i olika typer av partnerskap. Finns det en kontrast mellan det som beskrivs som profetisk diakoni och diakoni som sker i samverkan med det offentliga? För att undersöka detta ställer jag samtida perspektiv på profetisk diakoni i dialog med en intervjustudie med ledare inom fyra svenska (fri)kyrkliga organisationer som bedriver diakonalt arbete. Artikeln vill undersöka om, och i så fall hur dessa organisationer kan förstås som utförare av profetisk diakoni. För att fördjupa analysen sätts materialet i dialog med samtida teologiska perspektiv på profetisk diakoni samt Luke Brethertons perspektiv på profetiskt tal och handling kopplat till kyrkan som bärare av demokratiska praktiker.

ABSTRACT This article examines the transformation of public employee pension investment in the United States, from investing public funds in public infrastructure before the 1950s, to investing public funds in private securities in the years after. Three factors drove this change. First, motivated financial professionals convinced states to adopt the “prudent man rule,” a legal investment standard that emphasized professional management and maximum financial returns. Second, declining bond yields during World War II led public pension managers to reconceptualize the political goals of pension investment, from balancing retiree returns against low-cost public infrastructure, to maximizing employee benefits by achieving maximum returns in financial markets. Third, public officials hired private asset managers to undertake new investment strategies. These professionals then used their influence to pursue further pension liberalization. Ultimately, US financialization was not a break, but a continuous process through which government officials intentionally used financial markets to enhance public social provision.

The is the replication package for "Is Late Propagation a Harmful Code Clone Evolutionary Pattern? An Empirical Study"

Abstract Over the last three decades, a major shift has taken place in Scottish nationalist understandings of Scotland's colonial past. During the second half of the twentieth century, independence supporters viewed Scotland's relationship with England in colonial terms. Since the Scottish Parliament was established in 1999, nationalists have increasingly recognised Scots' role in Atlantic slavery. This paper explores this change within the Scottish National Party (SNP) using archival sources, published material and Scottish Parliamentary records. It demonstrates that a maturing historiography has drawn attention to Scotland's slavery past. History has become politically relevant in transatlantic deliberations over racial injustice, which have grown in intensity since the international Black Lives Matter protests in 2020. SNP ministers and parliamentarians have responded to this context by incorporating addressing Scotland's role in Atlantic slavery within a case for independence that is styled as progressive and contrasts with the more recalcitrant attitudes, which predominate at UK level.

ABSTRACT The goal of this special issue is to connect work done in colonial and post-colonial history and in European history through a focus on imperial and post-imperial healthcare. To date, imperial and post-imperial histories of healthcare have focused overwhelmingly on developments in European colonial empires. Europe’s land empires, such as those of Central and Eastern Europe consolidated by Austria-Hungary and Prussia, have received comparatively less attention in English-language scholarship. This introduction highlights key debates in imperial and post-imperial histories of healthcare, and brings material and epistemological transformations in health and social welfare across different imperial formations and their successor states into dialogue. The editors also delineate some of the challenges and payoffs of a comparative approach in relation to the articles in this special issue, which encompass experiences in 10 imperial and post-imperial states, ca. 1870 to 1970. Finally, the editors review the articles, identifying a set of connecting themes that offer opportunities for future research making global comparisons.

ABSTRACT This article considers the development of hospitals and their funding mechanisms across the Ottoman imperial (ca. 1516–1830) and French colonial (1830–1962) states in Algeria. The first section of the article describes Islamic welfare structures introduced under the stewardship of the Ottoman Empire, and explains how these were appropriated, outlawed and reconfigured in the wake of the French invasion of Algiers. The second section discusses French and colonial policies on assistance publique (public assistance) and their implementation in rural zones of Algeria in the early decades of the twentieth century to create segregated infirmeries indigènes (‘native’ infirmaries). The third section of the article examines how officials contrived to limit the role of the state in financing hospitals by increasing taxes on ordinary Algerians, especially taxes based on Ottoman precedents. The final section uses financial audits conducted by the Cour des comptes (Court of Audit) in Paris, along with other administrative records, to reveal how revenues misrepresented as Islamic were spent, including their use to reduce the tax liabilities of elites associated with the French colonial state. This case shows the enduring importance of Ottoman and Islamic infrastructures to French colonial welfare in Algeria and helps open Algeria up for comparison with the politics of welfare provision in other imperial and post-imperial states.