Educons University

Hydroponics is an innovative plant production system in which crops are cultivated in a nutrient, often with the support of inert substrates such as expanded clay, perlite, coconut fiber or rockwool. This method is typically implemented in controlled environments, including greenhouses or high tunnels, where key growth parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, nutrient concentration, temperature, light intensity, oxygen availability and air circulation) can be precisely regulated. Although hydroponic systems require higher initial investments, these costs are gradually offset through increased productivity and more efficient resource use. As a green innovation, hydroponics reduces dependence on climatic variability, limits exposure to pests and pathogens and supports year-round production with reduced water consumption and environmental impact. As part of this research, a case study was conducted to evaluate hydroponic cultivation under simplified, home- scale conditions. The goal was to identify the most critical control points in the system, including the sensitivity of pH and electrical conductivity adjustments, nutrient balance, temperature fluctuations and light availability. Several combinations of environmental and nutrient conditions were tested to determine which setups yield the most stable plant growth and highest biomass production. The results highlight the importance of continuous monitoring, particularly during early developmental stages, and demonstrate that even small deviations in nutrient concentration or environmental parameters can significantly affect plant performance. Findings from the case study provide practical insights into the limitations, risks and optimal management strategies for small- scale hydroponic systems, contributing to a broader understanding of hydroponics as a sustainable and accessible agricultural approach.

The study explores the level of awareness, self-assessed knowledge, and attitudes of management and IT students at the University of Belgrade regarding forensic accounting and the role of education in promoting this increasingly relevant and important discipline. The research was conducted using a structured questionnaire with 18 items on a sample of 142 students. The results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, as well as latent class analysis, in order to identify patterns of knowledge and attitudes among respondents based on their gender, study program, and year of study. Findings indicate that, although most students are generally aware of the existence of forensic accounting, only a small percentage consider themselves sufficiently knowledgeable, while exposure to this topic through formal education remains limited. Students generally perceive forensic accounting as an attractive and useful field for their professional development. They favor interactive and practical teaching methods, particularly those focused on modern, technology-oriented approaches to fraud detection. Latent class analysis segmented the respondents into two distinct groups based on their attitudes toward forensic accounting. Students in higher years of study were more likely to belong to the class with a stronger affinity for this discipline, while gender and study program had no significant impact on class membership.

The identification of wheat genotypes with balanced grain yield, stability, and antioxidant response to abiotic stress is crucial for creating adaptable varieties in changing climates. The research was conducted as a multi-environment trial (MET) across six environments (three localities over two seasons), and included 15 wheat genotypes (bread wheat lines, standard varieties and two spelt wheat lines). This study integrates AMMI and GGE biplot analyses with antioxidant profiling across growth stages to identify genotypes combining yield stability and stress tolerance. Lines KG-4/1, KG-11/1 and the variety Pobeda were identified as high-yielding and stable genotypes, with KG-11/1 ranked as an “ideal genotype” and KG-4/1 achieving the highest grain yield on MET level (6.48 t ha–1). Specific adaptation of genotypes KG-40/1 and Renesansa indicates their potential for targeted breeding in particular environments. Antioxidant parameters (TPC and DPPH• scavenging activity) at early growth stages were positively correlated with grain yield, indicating that they can serve as suitable biochemical markers for selecting stress-tolerant, high-yielding wheat genotypes. This comprehensive approach, which includes the analysis of grain yield stability/adaptability and antioxidant parameters, is adequate for the evaluation of promising lines that may be suitable genetic resources in climate-resilient wheat breeding programs.

<p>Intensive activity in operationalizing long-term sustainable business strategies and the increasing technological and commercial affirmation of many of its tools have enabled the emergence of eco-auditing as a process for assessing the environmental performance of organizations, products, or services with the aim of improving the environmental aspects of business. The comprehensiveness of eco-auditing refers to the thoroughness of the assessment, including analysis of environmental impact, compliance with legislation, and identification of opportunities for more sustainable practices.</p> <p>The paper first reflects on the role of eco-auditing in organizations to:</p> <ol> <li>identify environmental risks,</li> <li>improve compliance with legislation and standards,</li> <li>enhance competitiveness, and</li> <li>build trust with consumers and partners by demonstrating responsibility toward the environment.</li> </ol> <p>The emphasis of the paper then shifts to explaining the key standards of eco-auditing and providing practical examples where this tool serves as a foundation for sustainable business and environmental protection. Finally, focusing on the construction industry and companies using the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) standards for design and construction, organizations from Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina that have undertaken the LEED certification process are highlighted as tools to improve building energy efficiency and sustainability.</p>

Циљ рада је да се, коришћењем архивског материјала Народне библиотеке и Народног музеја у Београду и објављене грађе, опише делатност Љубице Којић (1911–1974) и укаже на њен значај у развоју библиотекарства Србије током педесетих и шездесетих година 20. века. Највећи део свог професионалног деловања посветила је унапређењу библиотекарства у оквиру Одељења предметног каталога Народне библиотеке Србије и у библиотеци Народног музеја у Београду, где је обављала дужности руководиоца Библиотеке и библиотекарке. Поред тога, била је чланица редакције и главна уредница часописа Библиотекар. Љубица Којић учествовала је и у раду Комисије за полагање стручних испита у библиотечкој делатности – за библиотекаре и књижничаре, као секретарица и чланица. Упоредо са тим, била је ангажована у раду извршног одбора Библиотекарског друштва Србије. Као представница Друштва учествовала је и на конгресима библиотекара Југославије, а самостално и на годишњем конгресу Међународне федерације библиотекарских друштава и институција (IFLA).

Blockchain technology has caused a significant boom in academic and professional circles, becoming a central topic of discussion in the fields of business process modernisation, transparency, privacy, and data security. In the accounting field, this technology can bring revolutionary changes through the automation of record-keeping, the immutability of financial records, and the transparent exchange of data among all participants, thereby enhancing trust and efficiency in accounting practices. However, it also introduces challenges related to reduced employment opportunities in this profession and new skill requirements that the profession must adapt to. This paper discusses the characteristics of blockchain technology, its potential aspects and domains of application in accounting activities and financial reporting, the benefits and limitations of its implementation, and the changes it may bring to accounting practices and overall business operations. Additionally, the paper presents a conceptual system for the implementation of financial reporting and the automation of accounting activities through the application of smart contracts.

Background: When it comes to professional stress, the work environment is one of its most important sources. Today, great attention is paid to researching the specifics of professional stress. Its sources and consequences for physical and mental health, as well as work productivity, are particularly important. Aim: To examine how many nurses and medical technicians employed at the Sremska Mitrovica Health Center are affected by burnout syndrome. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted using the Burnout Syndrome Intensity at Work questionnaire, which is publicly available under the name "Burnout Syndrome" - HDOD. The study included 50 nurses and medical technicians employed at the Health Center in Sremska Mitrovica. The research was conducted during June and July 2025. Results: Of the total number of respondents, burnout syndrome was present in 14%. Additionally, 2% of respondents were already burned out at work, 38% were at risk of burnout syndrome, 26% were at risk, and 20% reported feeling well. No statistically significant correlation was found between gender, education level, workplace, and subjective feelings of burnout. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between respondents' age and the length of their work experience. Conclusion: Nurses and medical technicians are exposed to relatively high levels of stress. Burnout syndrome represents not only a psychological but also a physical disorder; therefore, it is important to recognize its onset in time before it seriously threatens health, daily functioning, and work productivity.

Abstract Study aim: The aim of this study was to examine statistical parameters and determine which had the greatest influence on the final score at the European and World Championships in the period of 2020-2024. Material and methods: The analysis included 24 water polo matches, featuring the top 8 placed teams from the last 3 European and World Championships. From the official statistical reports of the matches, 28 statistical parameters were analyzed, which were taken from the Total Waterpolo website. Results: Based on the descriptive statistics, flaws and analysis of the variance of water polo parameters in the game, a total of 7 variables (Total goals, Total goal efficiency, Penalty goals efficiency, Fastbrake goals, Fastbrake shots, Powerplay goals efficiency, Saved shots efficiency) were identified as significant for winning the matches at the European and World Championships 2020-2024, and 6 variables (Total goals, Total shots, Penalty shots, Penalty saved, Penalty goals, Blocked shots) were found to be significantly different between the games at the European and World Championships, while the leading parameters were the number of shots on target and saved shots. Conclusion: In this research, we found that the outcome of a match can be predicted and scientifically explained with 95.8% accuracy, based on the statistical parameters and their analysis.

Uvod: Pelvični venski kongestivni sindrom (PVKS) se može definisati kao poremećaj u venskom sistemu karlice, odnosno postojanje pelvične venske insuficijencije (PVI) koja se manifestuje širokim spektrom simptoma i znakova. PVKS pogađa žene u reproduktivnom dobu i često se javlja sa hroničnim bolom u karlici. Ostali simptomi uključuju osećaj težine u karlici, dispareuniju, dismenoreju, lumbalnu bol, učestalo i urgentno mokrenje i znake proširenih vulvarnih, perinealnih, glutealnih površnih vena ili venskih variksa donjih ekstremiteta i hemoroida. PVI može biti uzrokovana kombinacijom više faktora: genetskom predispozicijom, anatomskim abnormalnostima, hormonskim faktorima, disfunkcionalnim zaliscima, opstrukcijom venskog toka i oštećenjem zidova vena. Dijagnostika: Dijagnoza PVKS i dalje predstavlja veliki izazov, s obzirom na nedostatak univerzalno prihvaćenih kriterijuma u dijagnostičkim imidžing modalitetima. Za dijagnostikovanje se mogu koristiti sledeće imidžing metode: ultrazvuk (UZ), kompjuterizovana tomografija (CT), magnetna rezonansa (MR) kao neinvazivne metode i venografija (VG) kao invazivna metoda. Ultrazvuk karlice je obično metoda prve linije. Transkateterska venografija i dalje ostaje zlatni standard za dijagnozu PVKS. Tretman: Konzervativni tretman medikamentima za PVKS je ograničen jer nedostaju podaci o dugoročnoj efikasnosti. Kompresija je jedna od terapijskih opcija konzervativnog tretmana. Embolizacija se preporučuje za lečenje PVKS. Kliničko poboljšanje nakon embolizacije kreće se u različitim studijama od 47 do 100% ali su potrebna buduća randomizovana ispitivanja u cilju određivanja jasnih protokola u upravljanju embolizacijom. Zaključak: PVKS je čest je uzročnik hroničnog pelvičnog bola kod žena ali se zbog nedovoljnog poznavanja, često ne prepoznaje i ostaje nedijagnostikovan. U nedostatku ostalih uzroka PVKS, treba pomisliti i na PVI. Potrebna je dodatna edukacija ginekologa za primenu UZ u cilju dijagnostike PVKS s obzirom da je UZ inicijalna imidžing metoda.

BackgroundThe significance of sustainable energy development and the battle against climate change continues to grow each year. Countries exhibiting unsustainable fossil fuel consumption practices are actively pursuing strategies to decrease import dependency and mitigate pollution through innovative approaches in their energy policies. In this context, the countries aim to rely primarily on their own direct and indirect energy resources. Identifying and using new resources to secure clean energy represents one of the strategic approaches to achieving the established objective. The focus is on using resources that have the greatest potential and whose exploitation aligns with the economic capabilities of the countries. The Western Balkan countries have relied on substantial coal use for decades, resulting in significant pollution emissions, but they lack the capacity to invest in specific renewable energy alternatives. Upon examining the potential, it is evident that the most significant opportunity for acquiring clean energy in the region is found in the biomass sourced from forestry and agriculture. The exploitation of agroforestry systems facilitates carbon sequestration, in addition to various beneficial outcomes. The Western Balkan region boasts abundant forests and lands conducive to the implementation of agroforestry systems, which hold considerable, yet untapped, potential for clean energy generation. This paper aims to review and synthesize knowledge regarding agroforestry in the Western Balkan countries, assess the capacity of forest and agroforestry resources, and identify essential activities that can promote their more intensive yet sustainable use.Main textThe potential of using agroforestry as a source of bioenergy has not been sufficiently explored in the Western Balkans. Therefore, the research was conducted by examining the scientific literature and pertinent statistical indicators. The literature search covered 85 scientific references, encompassing conference proceedings, abstracts, and additional valuable resources. This expanded reference base provided a solid foundation for analyses and discussions on agroforestry in the Western Balkan region. Following that, an analysis of the forest potential and prior experiences in energy production from forest biomass in five Western Balkan countries was conducted and presented. The analysis revealed that the share of forests and forest biomass in the region’s total territory is the lowest in Albania (37.5%) and the highest in Bosnia and Herzegovina (61.1%). This signifies a substantial biomass potential that is underused, while agroforestry systems exist in rural regions only in a few areas that satisfy the requirements of individual households. The systematic collection of biomass from the agroforestry system and its usage for clean energy generation are at a minimal level. Furthermore, the examination of the regulatory framework demonstrates the importance of developing policies and incentive mechanisms that recognize agroforestry as a method of obtaining biomass and ensuring food and water security. Therefore, a model of the supply chain and the main elements of the agroforestry–agriculture–energy nexus is proposed as a starting point for enhancing cross-sectoral cooperation and the sustainable use of forest resources.ConclusionsThe main findings presented in this paper could benefit the Western Balkan countries seeking to enhance sustainable energy development approaches. Given the substantial forest and land resources and favorable climatic conditions in the Western Balkan region, forthcoming strategies must incorporate the formulation and implementation of effective agroforestry policies, as well as their integration into energy policy and sustainable development plans.