Elwyn

There is wide variability in the length of full-time clinical education experiences (CEEs) among Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) programs. We investigated academic and clinical faculty perspectives on the optimal length and level of agreement on the length, timing, and offering of full-time CEEs. A survey assessing perspectives on the optimal length and level of agreement for the length, timing, and offering of full-time CEEs was completed by 100 academic and 240 clinical faculty. Differences between academic and clinical faculty responses on the optimal length and level of agreement were assessed with a 2-sample test of proportions and 2-sample t -test. Participants believed that the length of full-time CEEs (in weeks) should be single CEE 10.6 (SD 2.3); first CEE 7.8 (SD 2.1); terminal CEE 12.5 (SD 5.4); integrated CEE 9.6 (SD 1.9); and total CEEs 37.2 (SD 6.9). There were significant differences (MD = -3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] -4.6 to -1.6) between academic and clinical faculty perspectives for the total length of CEEs. No significant differences between academic and clinical faculty perspectives for the length of single, first, terminal, or integrated CEEs. There were significant differences between academic and clinical faculty perspectives for the optimal length of inpatient (MD = 1.1; 95% CI 0.6-1.6) and specialty (MD = 0.8; 95% CI 0.2-1.3) settings. There were significant differences between academic and clinical faculty level of agreement for 8 of 15 items. There was consistency between academic and clinical faculty regarding the perceived optimal length of full-time CEEs. Academic and clinical faculty perspectives for the optimal length of terminal full-time CEEs (12.5 weeks) were different than those for the national average (21.8 weeks) length of terminal full-time CEEs. Our study provides evidence to support DPT programs' clinical education curriculum decisions regarding the length of full-time CEEs to optimize students learning and maturation.

We have compiled data on 15 taxa (5 woody and 10 herbaceous) as established (9 taxa) or adventive-waif species (6 taxa) in Maryland (2 taxa) and Virginia (13 taxa) that are not considered definitive elements of each state's extant flora. The woody taxa are Acer ginnala, Corylus avellana, Pyrus betulifolia, Tilia cordata, and Vaccinium virgatum. The herbs include Crocus tommasinianus, Daucus pusillus, Dracocephalum parviflorum, Euphorbia mercurialina, Indigofera hirsuta, Opuntia engelmanni var. lindheimeri, Pilea microphylla, Polycarpon tetraphyllum, Saxifraga stolonifera, and Silene flos-cuculi spp. flos-cuculi. We provide updated taxonomic information, range clarifications, supplemental habitat data, and other details about our voucher specimens and other collections.

Behavior observation is an integral component in the field of applied behavior analysis (ABA) when supporting individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this chapter, we unpack the importance of selecting target behaviors, precisely defining target behaviors, and measuring target behaviors when designing behavior analytic assessment and intervention. We describe common strategies that are used to measure behavior including direct methods, derivative measures, and time sampling. Moreover, crucial elements of optimum behavior measurement including reliability, accuracy, and validity are delineated. Last, we describe strategies for calculating interobserver agreement (IOA), unpack differences, and highlight their importance when supporting individuals with ASD.

In mid-2021 a series of earthworks were identified on LiDAR which appeared to be the remains of a previously unrecorded archaeological settlement. This abstract contains a summary of archaeological research as part of a master’s by Research degree with Manchester Metropolitan University, using multimodal approaches (including map regression analysis, LiDAR and archival research) as well as practical archaeological techniques to identify a site of potential archaeological interest in Llangwyllog, Anglesey, North Wales.