Emirates Aviation University

Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) often use cardiovascular medications due to their increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the associations of baseline use of these drugs with survival and adverse events in MM patients initiating daratumumab, lenalidomide, or bortezomib combination treatments. Data from Phase III trials (CASTOR, MAIA, and POLLUX) were analysed, focusing on beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), diuretics, and statins. Cox proportional hazard analysis and logistic regression were used to assess associations with survival and grade ≥ 3 adverse events. Among 1804 patients, ACEI/ARBs were most common (31%), followed by beta-blockers (23%), statins (21%), calcium channel blockers (17%), and diuretics (16%). ACEI/ARBs was associated with better progression-free survival (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) [95% CI] = 0.84 [0.71-0.99], P = 0.034) but also higher odds of grade ≥ 3 adverse events (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.45 [1.06-1.97], P = 0.019). Diuretics were similarly associated with grade ≥ 3 adverse events (aOR = 1.53 [1.01-2.34], P = 0.047). Other cardiovascular drugs showed no significant associations. While ACEI/ARBs may improve progression-free survival, they pose safety concerns. It is reassuring that other cardiovascular drugs were not significantly associated with MM treatment outcomes. Further research is essential to fully understand the implications of these medications.

• HSR is highly competitive on Bucharest-Budapest corridor. • Air transport maintains an advantage on Budapest-Athens corridor. • Generalized Nash Equilibrium provides strategies for both competitors. • Adding modal preference to cost function better captures non-monetary passenger factors. • Policymakers should combine HSR with enhanced multimodal integration. This study explores competition between High-Speed Rail (HSR) and air transport by analysing two strategically significant Eastern European corridors: Bucharest–Budapest (Northern Balkans) and Bucharest–Athens (Southern Balkans). Using a game-theoretical framework, the research integrates heterogeneous passenger value-of-time segments, modelling strategic fare and frequency decisions under realistic constraints. The total cost function incorporates a modal preference coefficient, reflecting passenger attitudes towards transport modes beyond traditional cost and time factors. Findings reveal that HSR is highly competitive on medium-distance routes like the Northern Balkans corridor due to its efficiency and scalability. Air transport maintains an advantage on longer routes, particularly where travellers value time highly. Increased total demand significantly boosts HSR profitability, while airlines experience declining profits amid intensified competition. Higher-income passengers benefit both modes, though HSR’s profitability relies more on market share than premium pricing. The analysis provides novel, policy-relevant insights, highlighting conditions for viable HSR infrastructure investments and implications for sustainability, regional integration, and resource allocation.

This paper introduces generalized biharmonic poly-quasihomogeneous functions and studies Toeplitz operators with such symbols on the Bergman space. We characterize the commutants of these operators and investigate their spectral properties, generalizing previous work on biharmonic and polyquasihomogeneous symbols. We provide comprehensive proofs and examples and extend our results to related classes of symbols.

Malawi’s economy is heavily reliant on agriculture, with over 80% of the population engaged in small-scale farming. The sector is highly vulnerable to climate variability, making sustainable financing strategies critical for enhancing resilience and productivity. Understanding how climate and market dynamics influence financing decisions is therefore essential for designing effective agricultural support systems.This study examines the impact of climate variability and market dynamics on agricultural financing decisions, with a specific focus on Malawi, zoning in on how temperature and rainfall influence loan uptake by small-scale farmers across two decades, from 2002 to 2022. A non-linear ordinary differential equation (ODE) framework is developed to model farmers’ utility, incorporating both market and climate factors, while considering associated risks such as crop failure and credit default. The model evaluates the interplay between individual and social utilities in financing decisions, highlighting the critical role of farmers’ groups utility in driving financing adoption, under a variety of conditions. Results reveal that farmers’ financing behavior is highly sensitive to farmers’ unionism, climate conditions and market viability, with implications for financing policy. This work provides a robust framework for assessing the risks and benefits of climate-based financing in small-scale agriculture and suitable for developing policy architecture for optimizing financing strategies in response to climate variability and market fluctuations.

Under Poiseuelle flow, the effective viscosity associated with Brinkman’s equation is investigated and quantified for a high-porosity porous layer whose geometric factors are given by Ergun’s equation and the Kozney-Carmen equation. An expression for the relative viscosity is derived and expressed in terms of the geometric factors. Viscous and Darcy flow limits are quantified in terms of the relative viscosity and the geometric factors. This work also initiates investigations of the effective viscosity when the Brinkman flow is through a variable permeability porous layer and when the governing equation is the generalized Brinkman equation. When permeability is variable, it is shown that the relative viscosity is always less than unity when the Brinkman pressure gradient is the same as the corresponding Navier-Stokes pressure gradient. A condition on the pressure gradients under which the relative viscosity is greater than unity is derived. When the flow is governed by the generalized Brinkman’s equation, the problem of quantifying the effective viscosity is replaced by that of determining variations in viscosity due to pressure, and variations in pressure due to changes in the porous medium parameters.