Emisphere Technologies (United States)

Clouds in Antarctica are key elements that affect radiative forcing and thus Antarctic climate evolution. Although the vast majority of clouds are composed of ice crystals, a non-negligible fraction is constituted of supercooled liquid water (SLW, water held in liquid form below 0°C). Numerical weather prediction models have a great difficulty to forecast SLW clouds over Antarctica favouring ice at the expense of liquid water, and therefore incorrectly estimating the cloud radiative forcing. Remote sensing observations of SLW clouds have been carried out for several years at Concordia station (75°S, 123°E, 3233 m above mean sea level), combining active LIDAR measurements (SLW cloud detection) and passive HAMSTRAD microwave measurements (liquid water path, LWP). The present project aimed at in situ observations of SLW clouds using sondes developed by the company Anasphere, specifically designed for SLW content (SLWC) measurements. These SLWC sondes were coupled to standard meteorological pressure-temperature-humidity sondes from the Vaisala Company and released under meteorological balloons. During the 2021-2022 summer campaign, 15 launches were made, of which 7 were scientifically exploitable. Above a height of 400 m above ground level, we found that the SLWC sondes detected SLW clouds in a vertical range consistent with LIDAR observations. In nominal operation, the LWP values obtained either by HAMSTRAD or vertically-integrated from the SLWC sonde profiles were consistent in spite of their low values (< 10 g m -2 ). On some occasions far from nominal operation (surface fog, low vertical ascent of the balloon), the LWPs from the SLWC sonde were overestimated by a factor of 5-10 compared to the HAMSTRAD values. In general, the SLW clouds were observed in a layer close to saturation (U > 80%) or saturated (U ~100-105%) just below or at the lowermost part of the entrainment zone or capping inversion zone which exists at the top of the Planetary Boundary Layer and is characterized by an inflection point in the potential temperature vertical

Clouds in Antarctica are key elements that affect radiative forcing and thus Antarctic climate evolution. Although the vast majority of clouds are composed of ice crystals, a non-negligible fraction is constituted of supercooled liquid water (SLW, water held in liquid form below 0°C). Numerical weather prediction models have a great difficulty to forecast SLW clouds over Antarctica favouring ice at the expense of liquid water, and therefore incorrectly estimating the cloud radiative forcing. Remote sensing observations of SLW clouds have been carried out for several years at Concordia station (75°S, 123°E, 3233 m above mean sea level), combining active LIDAR measurements (SLW cloud detection) and passive HAMSTRAD microwave measurements (liquid water path, LWP). The present project aimed at in situ observations of SLW clouds using sondes developed by the company Anasphere, specifically designed for SLW content (SLWC) measurements. These SLWC sondes were coupled to standard meteorological pressure-temperature-humidity sondes from the Vaisala Company and released under meteorological balloons. During the 2021-2022 summer campaign, 15 launches were made, of which 7 were scientifically exploitable. Above a height of 400 m above ground level, we found that the SLWC sondes detected SLW clouds in a vertical range consistent with LIDAR observations. In nominal operation, the LWP values obtained either by HAMSTRAD or vertically-integrated from the SLWC sonde profiles were consistent in spite of their low values (< 10 g m -2 ). On some occasions far from nominal operation (surface fog, low vertical ascent of the balloon), the LWPs from the SLWC sonde were overestimated by a factor of 5-10 compared to the HAMSTRAD values. In general, the SLW clouds were observed in a layer close to saturation (U > 80%) or saturated (U ~100-105%) just below or at the lowermost part of the entrainment zone or capping inversion zone which exists at the top of the Planetary Boundary Layer and is characterized by an inflection point in the potential temperature vertical

Este estudo tem como objetiva apresentar discussões sobre as contribuições da plataforma Discord, no desenvolvimento da habilidade escrita em espanhol, de alunos do ensino médio integral. Neste artigo, a plataforma Discord é apresentada como uma ferramenta educacional facilitadora da interação e a construção da aprendizagem significativa da escrita em espanhol, desafiando os alunos à construção de textos que vão além de sentenças e fragmentos descontextualizados. O embasamento teórico fundamenta-se nos estudos voltados a aprendizagem significativa, tecnologia e o ensino de línguas. O estudo, de cunho qualitativo, ocorreu no decorrer da disciplina eletiva de língua espanhola de uma escola de Ensino Médio Integral do interior do Rio Grande do Norte e teve como participantes 36 alunos da segunda série. Os resultados demostraram que houve avanço significativo nas produções dos estudantes. Mesmo com algumas dificuldades, conseguiram produzir a partir dos temas selecionados. Palavras-chave: Ensino de línguas; Tecnologia educacional; Aprendizagem significativa; Produção escrita.

Abstract This paper addresses an advanced oxidation and precipitation water treatment process employed as an on-the-fly fluid pretreatment during hydraulic fracturing operations. The water treatment technology will allow for substantial reuse of flowback and produced fluid while at the same time completely replacing liquid biocide and scale inhibitor fluid treatment during fracs. Additionally, the treatment process generates zero waste. To date, the technology has been used on hundreds of wells successfully treating over 17 million barrels. The paper will report on more than 2 years of field operations on hundreds of frac stimulations as well as numerous pilot operations in multiple shale plays. Dynamic tube-blocking tests show that the treated fluid will not deposit scale even after days of storage in an open frac tank. Field sample testing shows the injected brine has 3 to 6 log-cycle kill of sulfate-reducing and acid-producing bacteria populations. With the move toward environmentally safe chemicals, an economical process eliminating chemicals is a step forward for our industry. The equipment is purposely designed to segue directly into the fracturing process without interfering with service company pumping operations or having any compatibility problems with any service company products. Our paper will show definitive results from field operations of an economic water treatment system that will allow for a reduction in liquid chemical usage and closed-loop management of wastewater. The newest design would treat 80 barrels per minute, occupying a footprint roughly the size of a frac tank. The units can be deployed in tandem for higher flow rate requirements.

Until now little is known about the functional integrity of human hepatocytes after hypothermic storage. In order to address this limitation, we evaluated several commercially available hypothermic preservation media for their abilities to protect freshly isolated hepatocytes during prolonged cold storage. Human hepatocytes were isolated from non-transplantable/rejected donor livers and resuspended in ice-cold University of Wisconsin solution (UW), HypoThermosol-Base (HTS-Base), or HypoThermosol-FRS (HTS-FRS) with or without the addition of fetal bovine serum. Cells were stored at 4 degrees C for 24-72 h, and evaluated for hepatocyte viability (trypan blue exclusion, or labeling with fluorochromes), cell attachment, and function. The energy status of hepatocytes was evaluated by measurement of intracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate. To determine whether the test cells expressed metabolic functions of freshly isolated cells, the activities of major phase I (cytochromes P450, FMO) and phase II (UGT, ST) drug-metabolizing enzymes were examined. Although hepatocytes are shown to be satisfactory after 24 h storage in all of the tested solutions, the cell viability, energy status, and xenobiotic metabolism following cold preservation in HTS-FRS was consistently and, in some cases, markedly higher when compared with other systems. The same metabolites for each of the tested substrates were detected in all groups of cells. Moreover, the use of HTS-FRS eliminates the need for serum in preservation solutions. HTS-FRS represents an improved solution compared to HTS-Base and UW for extending the shipping/storage time of human hepatocytes.

Over the past 50 years the development of assays for the detection of protein analytes has been driven by continuing demands for higher levels of sensitivity and multiplexing. The result has been a progression of sandwich-type immunoassays, starting with simple radioisotopic, colorimetric, or fluorescent labeling systems to include various enzymatic or nanostructure-based signal amplification schemes, with a concomitant sensitivity increase of over 1 million fold. Multiplexing of samples and tests has been enabled by microplate and microarray platforms, respectively, or lately by various molecular barcoding systems. Two different platforms have emerged as the current front-runners by combining a nucleic acid amplification step with the standard two-sided immunoassay. In both, the captured protein analyte is replaced by a multiplicity of oligonucleotides that serve as surrogate targets. One of these platforms employs DNA or RNA polymerases for the amplification step, while detection is by fluorescence. The other is based on gold nanoparticles for both amplification as well as detection. The latter technology, now termed Biobarcode, is completely enzyme-free and offers potentially much higher multiplexing power.

Two day-long sessions at the Drug delivery global summit, organised by SMi Group Ltd, were devoted to discussion on critical aspects of drug delivery, including advances in drug delivery systems and their applications to new products, with a primary focus on oral systems, but also highlighting recent progress in inhalation, parenteral and transdermal delivery. The event included case studies from big pharma, biotech and drug delivery companies to illustrate emerging delivery technologies and how they can be applied to develop innovative products. The conference created a platform for discussion on a range of topics from scientific issues and challenges to ways of establishing mutually beneficial relationships between technology and pharma companies.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO BOOKPREVPrefaceNEXTPrefaceSteven M. DinhSteven M. DinhEmisphere Technologies, Inc. 765 Old Saw Mill River Road Tarrytown, NY 10591-6702More by Steven M. Dinh and Puchun LiuPuchun LiuEmisphere Technologies, Inc. 765 Old Saw Mill River Road Tarrytown, NY 10591-6702More by Puchun LiuDOI: 10.1021/bk-2003-0846.pr001 This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MorePublication Date (Print):March 1, 2003Publication History Published online23 July 2009Published inprint 1 March 2003Request reuse permissions Copyright © 2003 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Advances in Controlled Drug Deliverypp ix-xiiiACS Symposium SeriesVol. 846ISBN13: 9780841238091eISBN: 9780841219502Chapter Views190Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSChapter Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (481 KB) Get e-Alerts