Empresa Municipal de Transportes de Madrid

Autonomous Vehicles are one of the current technological developments called to be one of the fundamental pillars on which a new safe and intelligent urban mobility is built. The usability of this technology in large public transport systems will mean a change in the paradigm of urban mobility, allowing highly efficient transport networks. Therefore, this work presents the retrofitting of a conventional bus into a fully autonomous vehicle capable of transporting people between different locations within the facilities of the Empresa Municipal de Transporte de Madrid. The work shows all the development carried out to transform such a platform together with a set of results extracted from the commissioning tests of the different systems involved in the hardware and software architecture that allow the operation of such a service.

Abstract One of the biggest changes brought about by the Internet and technological advances has been the creation of e-commerce, which has expanded the strategic options for millions of entrepreneurs, erased borders and even led to the emergence of purely digital businesses. Convenience and savings in time and money have led more and more consumers to opt for this method of shopping. However, as in traditional commerce, entrepreneurs have to deal with specific problems, such as cart abandonment. Cart abandonment without completing the checkout process has emerged as the main reason for lost revenue and can account for up to 70% of initiated transactions.For this reason, this research aims to know the state of the art on this subject, carrying out a systematic review of the literature to identify the main reasons for cart abandonment in e-commerce, as well as the possible gaps that may exist.KeywordsE-commerceShopping cartOnline cart abandonmentSystematic literature review

The limitations of self-report techniques (i.e., questionnaires or surveys) in measuring consumer response to advertising stimuli have necessitated more objective and accurate tools from the fields of neuroscience and psychology for the study of consumer behavior, resulting in the creation of consumer neuroscience. This recent marketing sub-field stems from a wide range of disciplines and applies multiple types of techniques to diverse advertising subdomains (e.g., advertising constructs, media elements, or prediction strategies). Due to its complex nature and continuous growth, this area of research calls for a clear understanding of its evolution, current scope, and potential domains in the field of advertising. Thus, this current research is among the first to apply a bibliometric approach to clarify the main research streams analyzing advertising persuasion using neuroimaging. Particularly, this paper combines a comprehensive review with performance analysis tools of 203 papers published between 1986 and 2019 in outlets indexed by the ISI Web of Science database. Our findings describe the research tools, journals, and themes that are worth considering in future research. The current study also provides an agenda for future research and therefore constitutes a starting point for advertising academics and professionals intending to use neuroimaging techniques.

The sustainable mobility of the future comes about through sustainable ways of transport, such as walking, cycling, or collective transport. This includes the bus, the underground, and trains in big cities. This article reviews bus-related policies and initiatives worldwide. It also analyses ten cities looking at medium and long-term strategies for the urban bus service. The main ideas are: the forecasts for the use of the urban bus system indicate a significant increase in demand, therefore, there is a need for expanding the offered services; efforts to change the fleets towards Compressed Natural Gas and Electric vehicles; support of technological innovation for communication and accessibility; improving commercial speed and frequencies by infrastructure improvements, operation optimisation and technology; and, the link between these strategies and the air quality of cities. The transition towards a sustainable transport will happen based on the belief that the bus service is no longer the transport of the past or the present, but of the future.

The results of the radial electric field measurements by Heavy Ion Beam Probe (HIBP) in the TJ-II stellarator are compared with neoclassical transport computations. The role played by several plasma features is identified by studying a reduced analytical transport model, using both actual density and temperature profiles and representative model profiles for varying density. Additional electric field calculations are carried out numerically with the Astra code using three different expressions for the neoclassical transport coefficients in order to identify the common features characterizing Er, particularly the sign reversal. For regimes with a wide variation of collisionality, a general qualitative agreement between modeling and experimental data is shown. The obtention of roots for Er depends critically upon the temperature and density profiles as they determine the plasma collisional regime. It is found that the root transition (i.e. Er sign reversal) occurs for a specific range of a collisionality parameter, consistent for all models employed. It is found that when density and temperature profiles give real roots of the electric field the pressure is almost constant. Discharges with high radial gradient of Er are found to correlate well with high confinement regimes.

The response of transport in low density (line average ) plasmas to electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECH) power, 100 kW ≲ QECH ≲ 400 kW, is documented for the TJ-II Heliac-type stellarator. Radially resolved electron heat balance shows no significant differences between boron or lithium coating of the vacuum chamber walls. The main trends in electron heat transport are found to be similar to other stellarator/heliotron devices and are compatible with neoclassical calculations in the bulk of the plasma. According to our calculations the heat fluxes are anomalous near the edge, ρ ≳ 0.8 where ρ is the normalized minor radius, but the uncertainties there are large. Particle transport in the density gradient region, ρ ≈ 0.8, has little sensitivity to the variation of heating power and is compatible with neoclassical predictions. Neoclassical transport of particles and electron heat is found to be dominant in the gradient regions of typical ECH plasmas of the TJ-II Heliac.

Background: Simulation in healthcare lacks a dedicated framework and supporting taxonomy for instructional design (ID) to assist educators in creating appropriate simulation learning experiences.Aims: This article aims to fill the identified gap. It provides a conceptual framework for ID of healthcare simulation.Methods: The work is based on published literature and authors’ experience with simulation-based education.Results: The framework for ID itself presents four progressive levels describing the educational intervention. Medium is the mode of delivery of instruction. Simulation modality is the broad description of the simulation experience and includes four modalities (computer-based simulation, simulated patient (SP), simulated clinical immersion, and procedural simulation) in addition to mixed, hybrid simulations. Instructional method describes the techniques used for learning. Presentation describes the detailed characteristics of the intervention.The choice of simulation as a learning medium is based on a matrix of simulation relating acuity (severity) to opportunity (frequency) of events, with a corresponding zone of simulation. An accompanying chart assists in the selection of appropriate media and simulation modalities based on learning outcomes.Conclusion: This framework should help educators incorporate simulation in their ID efforts. It also provides a taxonomy to streamline future research and ID efforts in simulation.