Energinet (Denmark)

This paper presents a system-wide approach for contingency severity screening intended as a practical and scalable precursor to full dynamic security assessment (DSA). DSA is the standard practice used by Transmission System Operators (TSOs) to ensure that power systems remain stable following disturbances, with key variables—such as voltage, frequency, and thermal loading—kept within defined dynamic performance limits. However, applying DSA comprehensively across all credible contingencies and operating points is prohibitive, making a pre-screening stage indispensable. Commonly used static-security filters offer limited insight to transient dynamics, motivating the development of alternative screening strategies. To support early-stage analysis and prioritization, three static indicators are devised as proxies for dynamic behaviour, grounded in the power–angle characteristics determining transient stability. For eachn−1 contingency, these indicators provide a severity estimate and serve as inputs to a supervised learning model trained on labels derived from time-domain simulation. This approach aims to reflect how each disturbance might impact system stability, consistent with the objectives of DSA. Contingency rankings derived from these estimates serve to guide further analysis, enabling TSOs to focus dynamic simulations on the most critical scenarios.

This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the DE-STRESS (Emergency Department Stress, Coping, and Intention to Leave Survey) to the Danish emergency context. Clinicians (nurses, nurse assistants, and physicians) in an emergency department (ED) undertake psychologically demanding work, and the high-pressure environment combined with occupational stressors has made retention of ED clinicians a major issue. A suitable measure of stress and coping would contribute to the development of practices to support clinicians working in these high-stress environments. The translation process was undertaken using the ISPOR principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation of patient-reported outcomes, including forward translation, back translation, and cognitive debriefing through individual interviews with ED clinicians (n=5). The study took place in a large teaching hospital in Southern Denmark and involved three forward translators, two backward translators, a key in-country person from both Australia and Denmark, and a project lead. The translation and cultural adaptation process was successfully conducted. Some concepts were difficult to translate, such as the terms ED and organization and the role of an ED supervisor. It was necessary to omit some demographic questions to ensure respondent anonymity, so the final Danish version has 123 questions versus the original 133 questions. The ED clinicians found the survey relevant and comprehensive as it addressed key factors in their work. We concluded that the Danish version of DE-STRESS is appropriate for use; however, a future study employing confirmatory factor analysis and assessing internal reliability is necessary to further investigate its psychometric properties.

Abstract In this chapter introduces market transparency and its importance in maintaining market integrity, enabling participants to foster open and fair competition in wholesale markets for the benefit of energy consumers. This chapter describes the Regulation on Wholesale Energy Market Integrity and Transparency (REMIT) (EU. (2011). Regulation (EU) No 1227/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on wholesale energy market integrity and transparency.) and the four key principles on which it is based: transparency; integrity; monitoring and cooperation. Moreover, this chapter introduces the ENTSO-E Transparency Platform, the central electricity market data platform of Europe, from its governance and processes to an overview of users and the data items handled within. Finally, this chapter closes with the future outlook of market transparency and the need for the continuous evolution of transparency regulations.

The rapid rise in current during a DC short-circuit poses significant challenges for multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MTDC) systems. Therefore, fault current limiters (FCLs) are crucial to improve the performance of the meshed MTDC. The topology and design of FCLs serve as effective solutions to mitigate fault currents and enhance the stability of DC systems. This paper introduces a new FCL topology for the MTDC systems, based on a mutual series FCL (MSFCL), which can eliminate the fault current suppression time (FCST) and restrict the fault current by using a trap loop. Moreover, the proposed FCL enhances the voltage transient during the temporary faults. The performance of the proposed FCL is compared with the conventional inductive FCL (IFCL). A case study is conducted using PSCAD/EMTDC software, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through simulation results. The results confirm that the proposed FCL offers an efficient approach to addressing short-circuit challenges in DC systems.

With declining technology costs, high resource quality, and the increasing scale of turbines and wind farms, offshore wind (OSW) has become the world’s fastest growing renewable generation technology.

The transmission grid in Denmark undergoes tremendous reinforcement and development due to massive integration of renewables and PtX, stronger market coupling with foreign grids and connection of the Energy Islands. The political goal is that new transmission lines shall, to the most technically feasible extent, be established as underground cables (UGC) and part of overhead lines (OHL) substituted with UGC. The Danish experience has shown that especially 400 kV UGC may cause resonance conditions, which coincide with harmonic orders of the harmonic distortion and increase the harmonic voltage distortion. Establishment of harmonic filters with the right properties, ratings and locations in the transmission grid is among mitigation solutions of excessive harmonic distortion. In the meshed transmission grid, a new harmonic filter may, on the one hand, dampen a specific harmonic order in the given substation, but, on the other hand, become inefficient or even increase harmonic distortion in other substations. Therefore, the harmonic filter design for the meshed transmission grid is a challenging task. This presentation will explain the algorithm developed by Energinet, Transmission System Operator of Denmark, for automated design of harmonic filters in the meshed transmission grids by simulations. The algorithm will be demonstrated using a validated simulation model of the Eastern Danish 400 kV transmission grid for harmonic assessment as a case study.

In order to achieve ambitious decarbonisation targets, not only the electric power system, but also the natural gas system needs to be decarbonised through the adoption of renewable energy sources. One main barrier for the decarbonised gas system is its balancing once highly fluctuating renewable sources are integrated. The balancing models today are mostly based on the daily balancing mechanism in which incentives are given to the shippers (market players) to stay within specified flexibility margins. However, the shippers are allowed to deviate, and often the transmission systems operators must balance the system to maintain its integrity. In this work, a balancing model is proposed for gas systems based on the within-day obligations. The balancing model gives a strong incentive to the shippers to balance their portfolios within the day. The simulations are conducted on the Danish gas transmission system and the real data streams are included. The results have shown that the proposed balancing model is promising for future scenarios, and a decrease of the accumulated system imbalance by around 98% is accomplished compared to the conventional balancing model. Moreover, the proposed balancing model prevents large deviations in the flow and limits the shippers’ access to the available flexibility.

The primary objective of a power system is to safely provide reliable energy services to society at an affordable cost. In many countries, this objective has been supplemented by another: meeting the energy demand with sustainable resources, which has culminated in the energy transition to low-carbon and zero-carbon energy systems. This transition, occurring rapidly around the world, is characterized by the increasing penetration of variable renewable energy (VRE), inverter-based resources (IBRs), and distributed energy resources (DERs).