Episcopal Divinity School

Teaching is a highly honourable profession, and teachers’ play crucial role in moulding student’s behaviour. The most important factor influencing teacher effectiveness and student outcomes is job satisfaction of teachers. This study aimed to assess the level of job satisfaction of secondary level teachers with regard to their gender, location (rural and urban) and types of institution (government and private) in Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. The Teacher Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (TJSQ), developed by Pramod Kumar and D.N. Mutha, was used in a descriptive survey method to gather data from 200 secondary school teachers across 15 schools in the Mayurbhanj district using stratified random sampling method. Null hypotheses were tested using the mean, S D, and t-test. Results showed that gender had no role in job satisfaction while locality had substantial effect on job satisfaction with urban teachers having greater job satisfaction than rural counterparts and similarly, government teachers showed greater levels of job satisfaction compared to private teachers.

In this research paper, we explained the role of pressure as an effective external control parameter for inducing magnetic phase transitions in graphene analogues. Two-dimensional graphene-like materials exhibit rich electronic and magnetic behavior due to reduced dimensionality and strong electron correlations, making them ideal platforms for exploring emergent quantum phenomena. Using high-pressure experimental techniques combined with electronic and magnetic characterization, the structural, electronic, and magnetic responses of selected van der Waals materials were systematically investigated over a wide pressure range. The results reveal that increasing pressure leads to significant lattice compression and enhanced orbital overlap, which drives an insulator-to-metal transition through bandwidth broadening and reduction of electronic correlations. Remarkably, contrary to conventional expectations, long-range magnetic order persists even in the metallic state. Instead of collapsing, magnetism evolves into a modified high-pressure magnetic phase characterized by reduced yet robust magnetic moments and altered exchange interactions. This coexistence of metallic conductivity and magnetism signifies the emergence of an unconventional magnetic metal. The study highlights the crucial interplay between charge and spin degrees of freedom under pressure and suggests that the observed magnetic metallic phase may serve as a precursor to unconventional superconductivity. These findings provide new insights into pressure-tuned quantum states in two-dimensional materials and offer promising directions for designing next-generation spintronic and quantum devices.

‘With angels and archangels’. Sharing the worship of Heaven. Bible, poetry, liturgy and devotion in the Middle Ages. By John Blakesley. Pp. vi + 185. Leominster: Gracewing, 2024. £15.99 (paper). 978 0 85244 719 2 - Volume 76 Issue 3

Building the Church of England. The Book of Common Prayer and the Edwardian Reformation. By Stephen Tong. (St Andrews Studies in Reformation History.) Pp. xviii + 286 incl. 1 ills. Leiden–Boston: Brill, 2023. €99. 978 90 04 54784 1; 2468 4317 - Volume 76 Issue 2

This article attempts to fill a lacuna in the literature on God's last end in creation by giving focused attention to comparing Jonathan Edwards and Aquinas, arguing that both agree that God created the world to diffuse the divine nature in the world of created things as an expression of divine superabundant self-sufficiency. They disagree only on whether creation is necessary. Yet the Edwardsian position here is compatible with a strong Thomistic affirmation of divine aseity. The article outlines Edwards' and Aquinas's views of the end for which God created the world in light of God's overall metaphysics. It argues that they are in substantive agreement and examines how significant their difference on creational necessity is to their picture of creation as a whole.

As Daniel Bolliger has shown, Zwingli’s development was deeply rooted in the Scotist tradition, as represented by Thomas Brulefer in particular. This article follows up on this observation in order to draw systematic conclusions. Zwingli took up Scotus’ understanding of God as a kind of being that is far above any relationship to the finite. Zwingli framed this notion in different ways throughout his career. The first step of his development was the opposition of the infinite creator to finite creation. In a second, decisively reformational step, Zwingli highlighted the difference between the Divine Word and that of the human. This leads to the difference between spirit and matter. This is at the source of Zwingli’s difference to Luther. Both show different ways of transforming the Middle Ages, leading to different ways of Reformation.

The Roman mass. From early Christian origins to Tridentine reform. By Uwe Michael Lang. Pp. xii + 445 incl. 12 figs. Cambridge–New York: Cambridge University Press, 2022. £89.99. 978 1 108 83245 8 - Volume 75 Issue 1