Essex County College

We identify a local, gauge-invariant mechanism that generates a finite spectral scale in pure SU(3) Yang–Mills theory on a punctured three-ball. Fixing a Z 3 center sector isolates a single gauge-invariant holonomy angle whose Berry shift produces a quantum rotor with strictly nonzero level spacing. Gauss law is enforced by a covariant Dirichlet Helmholtz projector built from the Dirichlet inverse of the covariant scalar Laplacian with relative boundary conditions. The slow holonomy mode is chosen variationally as the minimizer of transverse electric energy under the holonomy constraint, yielding an inertia independent of the gauge representative with linear domain-size scaling and a controlled commutator-dominated regime. We prove projector stability and derive an adiabatic variational upper bound on the first positive Yang–Mills eigenvalue, with error controlled by the transverse vector gap of the covariant Laplacian on divergence-free one-forms. A femtometer-scale benchmark at realistic coupling gives an upper bound at a hadronic ( ∼ 1 GeV) scale. In Wilczek’s sense this realizes “mass without mass”: no explicit mass term or Higgs field is introduced, and the nonzero level spacing is fixed by gauge invariance, topology, and the chosen center sector. The present results are derived on a finite domain; interpreting the length R in Minkowski space requires an additional physical input (e.g. as a local confinement length), which we make explicit.

Learning to code is especially challenging for beginners due to limited personalized guidance and delayed feedback. This paper introduces an AI-driven coding education framework that supports self-directed, project-based learning for novice programmers through an integrated AI mentor, intelligent debugging assistance, and gamification features. We conducted a 4-week pilot study with 200 participants—100 in an AI-assisted environment and 100 in a self-paced control group—to assess the framework’s impact. Results showed that AI-assisted learners achieved significantly higher project completion rates (90% vs. 60%), resolved bugs faster (18.2 vs. 32.7 minutes on average), and attained larger test score improvements (mean gain of +22 vs. +10 points, p < 0.05). Crucially, learners reported greater confidence in tackling programming tasks, suggesting that real-time, context-aware AI guidance can bolster novice performance without promoting dependency. We present a novel system architecture that integrates project-based assignments, adaptive learning paths, and a proactive AI mentor to keep students engaged and continuously supported. These findings underscore the potential of AI-driven mentorship to enhance coding education at scale by providing immediate, individualized assistance. Our study contributes empirical evidence that carefully designed AI tools can accelerate debugging, improve learning outcomes, and increase persistence among beginner programmers, paving the way for more robust, student-centered coding instruction.

Motivated by recent works, we employ the bounds on the dimensionless quantum-gravity parameter obtained from six solar system-based gravitational tests in order to obtain bounds on the dimensionless parameter of the generalized uncertainty principle with linear and quadratic terms in momentum. The bounds obtained here are much tighter than those obtained, from the same six solar system-based gravitational tests, for the dimensionless parameter of the uncertainty principle with only quadratic terms in momentum.

From a geometric point of view, we show that the unitary symmetries {{,textrm{U},}}(1) and {{,textrm{SU},}}(2) stem fundamentally from Schwarzschild and Reissner–Nordström wormhole geometry through spacetime complexification. Then, we develop quantum tunneling which makes these wormholes traversable for particles. Finally, this leads to wormhole thermodynamics.

BackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) declared severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) a pandemic on March 11, 2020. This report takes a closer look at the cases, fatalities, and recoveries in different regions of the world with details regarding the geographic scale of SARS-CoV-2 spread, risks, and the subsequent impact on the countries affected. Also, this report discusses some effective measures that were carried out by some countries that helped them to mitigate the pandemic and flatten the curve of COVID-19 spread as early as possible.MethodsOur research was conducted via an electronic literature review on PubMed, Google Scholar, and MedLine Plus. Data were then collected from peer-reviewed articles that included applicable keywords and published between January 1, 2020, and June 9, 2020ResultsThe rapid spread of infection has impacted over 200 countries and territories to date. As of June 9, 2020, there were 7,039,918 confirmed cases and 404,396 deaths globally. The USA is the North American country with the highest number of confirmed COVID 19 cases with 1,993,560. In South America, total confirmed cases in Brazil are 691,758. The most affected country in the African region is South Africa with 50,879. In Europe, the Russian Federation top with 485,253 confirmed cases. China with 84,638 is still the Western Pacific country with the most confirmed COVID 19 cases. India had 266,598 total confirmed cases and Australia reported 7,265 confirmed cases. Fatalities recorded similar patterns regionally except in Europe where the UK recorded the highest number of fatalities with 40,597 deaths and Iran had the highest number of fatalities with 5,957 cases in Asia. The goal of the practice “slowing the spread” is to prevent hospital systems from being strained beyond their capacity, thus resulting in less mortality. Countries yet to see the peak would benefit substantially by implementing aggressive social distancing, self-isolation, closure of schools and other institutions, encouraging working from home, and/or placing hard limits on the size of crowds at events.Confirmed cases of COVID-19 globally, as of June 9, 2020. Confirmed fatalities due to COVID-19 globally, as of June 9, 2020. ConclusionAs the number of cases increases, an immediate need to “flatten the curve” is essential to avoid catastrophic overwhelming of hospital systems across the affected countries.Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Wondering how to create a classroom culture where students don't want to stop exploring mathematics when the bell rings? We were too and that's why we teammed up to uncover how we can Make Math Moments That Matter for every student in the math classroom with a weekly podcast.

In this study, the popular Purdue Spatial Visualization Test – Visualization by Rotations (PSVT-R) in isometric drawings was recreated with CAD software that allows 3D solid modeling and rendering to provide more realistic pictorial views. Both the original and the modified PSVT-R tests were given to students and their scores on the two tests were compared to investigate whether there was improvement in performance on spatial visualization tests with realistic 3D views. The study involved 157 first year community college students in engineering and technology majors and 34 high school seniors from a technical careers high school, all of whom were taking an engineering graphics course or a CAD course at the college when taking the tests. The test scores were analyzed in four groups: graphics classes, CAD classes, high school students, and a comparison group. In all four groups, the mean scores of the realistic 3D test were higher than the mean scores of the isometric test, which shows enhanced performance on the spatial visualization test with realistic 3D views.