Estonian Information Technology College

Wide-bandgap perovskite materials are essential for tandem solar cells (TSCs); however, Br-rich soft lattices may induce severe ion aggregation and migration, significantly compromising both device efficiency and stability. Based on the theoretical study indicating that Br– aggregation reduces the ion migration energy barrier, we experimentally demonstrated that precisely adjusting the perovskite bandgap from 1.68 to 1.65 eV effectively suppresses Br– aggregation, significantly increases the ion migration energy barrier and substantially enhances the photostability, all while maintaining the efficiency of TSCs. Furthermore, we lower the diffusion coefficients of both Pb2+ and I– during crystallization by designing functional molecules that incorporate multiple hydrogen bond donors and Lewis base moieties, thereby optimizing crystallization kinetics and mitigating residual stress. As such, the perovskite films with improved crystal quality exhibit an elevated ion migration energy barrier and enhanced carrier extraction dynamics at interfaces. These synergistic effects enable single-junction perovskite solar cells to achieve an efficiency as high as 23.24% and monolithic perovskite/silicon TSCs to reach 30.16%, while concurrently exhibiting exceptional stability under thermal, humidity, and illumination stresses. These findings offer valuable insights into overcoming the intrinsic limitations of wide-bandgap perovskites and provide guidance for the rational regulation of crystallization kinetics.

Abstract BackgroundIn breeding the aim is to identify and accumulate beneficial variants. However, detection of these variants may be challenging in the presence of extensive genotype x environment interactions (GxE), as variant effects will be conditional on environment.MethodsThe study assesses the performance of264diploid perennial ryegrass accessions in a multi-environment field trial. We investigate the extent of GxE, for yield (total dry matter) and persistence traits, i.e. winter kill and spring cover, under environmental conditions experienced in Nordic and Baltic regions at the limit of the species distribution. Two different approaches to modelling GxE were tested: reaction norm and envirotyping, and the models were validated under three different breeding scenarios.ResultsOur analysis documented the presence of significant GxE interaction for all traits investigated in the study. Validation showed improvements in prediction accuracy when accounting for GxE: up to 4% for yield when predicting in unobserved environments, and up to 22% and 9% for spring cover and winter kill, respectively when predicting unobserved germplasm. Genome-wide-association-studies (GWAS) were utilized to detect genetic variants with marginal effects (environment-independent effect) and conditional effects (environment-dependent effects). Results showed the presence of large-effect genetic variants with marginal effects, in addition to few QTL whose effects were adaptive under specific environmental conditions while neutral or deleterious under different environmental conditions.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the usefulness and limitations of genomic prediction models for predicting GxE in highly diverse samples, and describes the extent of GxE interactions at the limit of species distribution for perennial ryegrass. Finally, our study points toward adaptive variation, which may enhance persistence of perennial ryegrass populations in Nordic and Baltic growing conditions.

Historiografia jonë duhet të reflektojë edhe më shumë për të ndriçuar tërësisht vlerat e figurave të tilla të shquara, që për arsye ideologjike sistemi monist i braktisi dhe i anatemoi. Kjo ndodhi edhe me figurën e Mehmet Pashë Derallës. Mehmet Pashë Deralla është regjistruar në historiografinë shqiptare si një ndër protagonistët e Lidhjes Shqiptare të Prizrenit të vitit 1878. Gjeneral Mehmet Pashë Deralla ishte një nga protagonistët kryesorë të qëndresës shekullore përballë sulmeve serbo-malazeze, të cilat synonin pushtimin e Shqipërisë veriore. Nën komandën e tij, luftëtarët shqiptarë i shtypën forcat serbe në hapësirën ndërmjet Drinit të Bardhë dhe Drinit të Zi. Ishte kjo një rezistencë e sulmeve antishqiptare nga veriu, që krijoi kushte normale për të mundësuar celebrimin e aktit historik të ngritjes së flamurit në Vlorë.

No AccessOther Public Sector Study6 Sep 2017EstoniaA Successfully Integrated Population-Registration and Identity Management SystemAuthors/Editors: Ana Milena Aguilar Rivera, Kristjan VassilAna Milena Aguilar Rivera, Kristjan Vassilhttps://doi.org/10.1596/28077SectionsAboutView ChaptersPDF (2.5 MB) ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Abstract: Integrated civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) and identity management systems (IDMS) provide a critical basis for identity management and the establishment of personal identity. When developed in an integrated matter, these systems can provide major savings in terms of time and costs, in addition to creating efficiencies in the flow of information across relevant institutions. Some countries are leading the development of more integrated approaches, and the lessons learned, if properly documented, may be useful to many low- and middle-income countries. This report describes the particular case of Estonia, and the process through which the country has developed an integrated population registration and identification system aiming at improve public service delivery. The report identifies enabling factors and best practices that may be applicable to other countries. Previous bookNext book FiguresreferencesRecommendeddetails View Published: November 2015 Copyright & Permissions Related RegionsEurope and Central AsiaRelated CountriesEstoniaRelated TopicsHealth Nutrition and PopulationInformation and Communication TechnologiesPublic Sector Development KeywordsHEALTH INFORMATION PDF DownloadLoading ...

This paper presents a modified version of forward chaining method of reasoning and a prototype implementation called Sylar – System for Logic and Automated reasoning, which can be used for situation management. The method, presented by the authors, implements Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens by Truth tables and a SAT solver to discover hidden knowledge and suggest decisions. Also, it gives the opportunity to use multi-step inferences. Proposed method is suitable for this specific kind of decision making process.

The retention of stormwater on-site with the goal of mimicking pre-development hydrology is increasingly being required or encouraged for new and redevelopment projects. The recently adopted Ventura and Orange County Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) NPDES permits require retention on site of runoff from storms up to the water quality design storm via infiltration, evapotranspiration and/or harvest and use. To date, the retention of stormwater on site has primarily been accomplished via infiltration and, to a much more limited extent, evapotranspiration. In only a few cases has rainwater harvesting and non-potable use been employed on a site scale; typically when it has been included it has been part of meeting LEED requirements. The feasibility and desirability of retaining stormwater on site up to a specific design storm has not been vetted technically on a national or regional scale. For example, there has been almost no consideration of the natural water balance in technical guidance. Often infiltrated volumes must be increased over natural conditions in order to match pre-development surface runoff volumes, yet there has been little consideration for whether increasing infiltration over natural conditions may be an issue. There has also been almost no assessment of the circumstances necessary for rainwater harvesting systems to work well for stormwater management. This paper presents some of the considerations for retaining on site and proposes conceptual criteria for determining whether it is feasible and/or desirable to do so. The paper reviews and discusses the general precipitation and runoff patterns for California and the west coast; the natural water balance and changes to that balance under developed and low-impact development conditions; under what conditions infiltration is feasible and desirable with examples of evaluations; what levels of evapotranspiration can be achieved; and finally presents some examples of the use of rainwater harvesting as a means to retain stormwater on site. Example modeling scenarios of rainwater harvesting for irrigation and toilet flushing are presented from Southern California and Portland, Oregon to highlight both the stormwater management results as well as impacts on potable water demand. Implications related to reclaimed water use will also be presented.

Low impact development (LID) flow control strategies, such as distributed bioretention facilities, are increasingly used to manage stormwater runoff and mitigate the effects of hydromodification. In evaluating bioretention as part of an overall hydromodification control strategy, continuous simulation is critical in determining appropriate facility sizing factors and evaluating performance. Due to differences in bioretention design standards and complexities in analysis related to soil hydraulics and outlet controls, distinctly different model representations are commonly employed to size and evaluate bioretention performance. Various approaches to simulating bioretention are described herein and compared for a hypothetical design scenario. Selected flow duration and water balance results are presented, illustrating the potential differences between these modeling approaches. Results also highlight issues related to changes in water balance and low flow durations, even with effective controls in place.

A review of the generation of photoconductive line patterns in semiconductors and their possible use in free-space electromagnetics is presented. The basic configurations and properties of conductive line antennas and frequency-selective and chiral surface are listed. Tracking antennas based on photoconductive gratings on silicon are considered in detail. Some experimental results of investigation on the photoconductivity of A<SUB>II</SUB>B<SUB>VI</SUB> monograin powder films at high frequencies are reported. The persistent photoconductivity in doped semiconductors containing DX and AX centers is reviewed.

The main thrust of this book is that if Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT) is to have the kind of impact that is claimed for it then com-