European Broadcasting Union

To understand how lung pathology relates to symptoms, microbiology, and progression risk in tuberculosis and to advance diagnostic development, we determined the frequency at screening of tuberculosis-consistent lesions in asymptomatic individuals within 5 years of tuberculosis diagnosis using highly sensitive imaging ([18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT) and compared with chest x-ray computer-aided detection (CAD). We enrolled a prospective longitudinal cohort in Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa, of asymptomatic, HIV-uninfected contacts aged 18-65 years of patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis, a tuberculosis high-risk group not eligible for chemoprophylaxis. Participants underwent baseline PET-CT, chest x-ray, phlebotomy, and intensive sputum collection, and were classified into four PET-CT lung categories: consistent with tuberculosis, inactive tuberculosis, other lesions, and normal. Chest x-ray was processed by three types of CAD software (CAD4TB [version 7.0], qXR [version 3.0.0], and Lunit [version 3.1.4.111]). Follow-up included symptom-agnostic tuberculosis screening (23-38 months) and provincial register review (≤74 months), and a subgroup had repeat PET-CT (5-15 months). Tuberculosis was defined as bacteriologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed. The primary outcome measures were hazard ratio (HR) for tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment by baseline PET-CT lung abnormality category with normal as the reference group, and diagnostic performance of chest x-ray CAD software using area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC). 250 asymptomatic adults were enrolled between March 3, 2015, and Oct 11, 2017, irrespective of tuberculosis history or previous infection, and followed up for 1107 person-years (median 4·7 years [IQR 4·0-5·1]). 18 (7%) participants were treated for tuberculosis (16 [89%] of 18 bacteriologically confirmed). Six of 18 participants were diagnosed at baseline (four requiring induced sputum culture) and 12 of 18 after a median of 32 months (IQR 12-35). By baseline PET-CT category, tuberculosis was diagnosed and treated in 12 (41%) of 29 participants with scans consistent with tuberculosis, two (7%) of 30 with scans consistent with inactive tuberculosis, two (2%) of 83 with scans showing other lesions, and two (2%) of 108 with scans showing normal lungs. Participants with baseline PET-CT scans consistent with tuberculosis had the highest risk of 5-year tuberculosis diagnosis (HR 28·54 [95% CI 6·37-127·81] compared with those with scans showing normal lungs, p<0·0001), with no significant risk for scans consistent with inactive tuberculosis (3·55 [0·50-25·21], p=0·21) or other lung lesions (1·30 [0·18-9·23], p=0·79). 11 (69%) of the 16 participants with bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis were asymptomatic at bacteriological confirmation, and ten (91%) of 11 had baseline PET-CT scans consistent with tuberculosis. Using baseline PET-CT classification as reference, the AUC for chest x-ray CAD software ranged from 0·86 (95% CI 0·72-0·99) to 0·89 (0·75-1·00) for bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis. Most adult asymptomatic contacts diagnosed with tuberculosis over 5 years had baseline radiographically evident disease, not radiographically negative incipient tuberculosis. Although PET-CT is not feasible for routine screening, it provides a highly sensitive reference benchmark for diagnostic development, with chest x-ray CAD performing comparatively well. South Africa Medical Research Council, US National Institutes of Health, Gates Foundation, Wellcome, UK Research and Innovation Medical Research Council, and Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research.

The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) Dynamic Media Facility (DMF) provides a layered model for software-defined production infrastructures running on commonly available IT infrastructure. The DMF seeks to enable customizable and dynamic workflows with cost-effective scalability and enhanced operational efficiency, security, and reliability to meet the challenges of the evolving media business landscape. A key element of the DMF is the Media eXchange Layer (MXL), an open source SDK for high-performance live media interchange between containerized software media functions. MXL provides an interoperable vendor-neutral platform with clear observability and uses the lowest latency asynchronous data transfer methods to avoid delays in the live signal chain. Shared memory is used for same-host functions, and remote direct memory access (RDMA) networking will be used for cross-host communication. The Linux Foundation hosts the MXL Project in collaboration with the EBU and the North American Broadcasting Association (NABA). The MXL SDK code is available on a public GitHub repository.

Esiti del progetto PRIN EUFORICC - <em>Establishing Urban FORest based solutions In Changing Cities: </em><strong>a) Linee Guida</strong> - Esperienze di ricerca e indicazioni operative dedicate alla realtà degli ambienti urbani italiani e mediterranei per la realizzazione, manutenzione e riqualificazione di foreste urbane e infrastrutture verdi. <strong>b) Indicatori </strong>- Indicatori per il monitoraggio della performance delle foreste urbane nell’ottica dell’ottimizzazione dei servizi ecosistemici e della minimizzazione dei disservizi. <strong>c) Protocolli e Modelli </strong>- Compendio di metodologie pratiche e modelli per il supporto nel monitoraggio degli indicatori e nella gestione e pianificazione del verde urbano.

ABSTRACT A long-running conflict is wounding for generations, not only by sustaining an affective sense-making between different geolocations but also by binding diasporic communities through the conflict’s temporality of pain, violence and loss as enduring legacies. Long-running conflicts leave wounds, binding generations through an allotropic process in which the trauma is experienced second-hand and consumed through the circulation of the conflict in a myriad of cultural forms. This paper reveals the findings of a study conducted among second-generation British Sri Lankan youths to understand conflict as a site of constant consumption and domestication, yielding an affective sphere of sense making. In particular, the paper traces how the consumption of conflict is reified and temporally enlarged through the interactions between first and second generations, transnational networks and peers as well as media technologies in mediating Tamil identity and consciousness. This affective sphere induced through second-hand trauma is continuously sustained, renewed and negotiated in lending to the process of identity construction and the moral imagination of a homeland.

This article aims to study how private European radio is becoming commercially international through the expansion of radio brands beyond their national market. It is the first ever analysis of the expansion strategies of radio groups across Europe, including their footprint in each market in which they operate, from the political economy of cultural industries. The article maps the main radio groups in Europe, analyses cross-national champions in depth and establishes three main types. This study shows that, thanks to the possibilities of a deregulated market, strengthening the role of the brand and the format, and the agreements with other groups, broadcasting radio has overcome the obstacles that, historically, hindered its cross-border expansion.

ABSTRACT In recent years, buzz terms such as “geo-blocking”, “online content portability”, and “digital copyright” have been making rounds in EU policy circles. This is largely attributed to the “Digital Single Market Strategy”, an ambitious reform the objective of which is to ensure seamless cross-border access to online services. Pursuit of this objective appears to be largely driven by the assumption that limiting the exclusivity of copyright would stimulate intra-Union competition in content markets. Against the background of EU competence limitations in the field of copyright and the increasing popularity of global U.S. firms in European audiovisual markets, this paper argues that EU Competition Law has vainly been instrumentalized to complete a single market for content. More particularly, based on legal and policy developments, which appear to challenge widespread licensing practices, sector-specific economics, and the case law that sets the conditions under which competition enforcement may introduce limits to copyright protection, this study develops the following twofold argument: in an attempt to create a single market for copyright-protected broadcast content, the EU has stretched the boundaries of competition law in an excessive manner and such unjustified interference with copyright is simply inadequate to promote competition and market integration.

The EBU, NRK and VRT are three European media companies. The EBU is the largest association of broadcasters. The NRK and VRT are the national public broadcasters in Norway and in Belgium (Flemish). The EBU, NRK and VRT are known in the media community for striving innovation. They have developed recognised expertise in engineering solutions and standards around the management of information for the audiovisual industry in a multi-lingual environment. They promote the use of semantic technologies for the production and distribution of content across a variety of media and platforms. In this context, Wikipedia, DBpedia, automatic metadata extraction and other tools are important information sources. This is not an academic paper but a report on the operational use of such information (access, usability, long term availability of information, editorial quality) and needs by the media industry. For broadcasters, minimizing cost and complexity is of the essence!

(2014). Revisiting the Country-of-Origin Principle in the AVMS Directive. Journal of Media Law: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 286-304.

The EUscreen project represents the European television archives and acts as a domain aggregator for Europeana, Europe's digital library. The main motivation for its creation was to provide unified access to a representative collection of television