European Committee for Standardization

Digital administration refers to using Information and Communications Technology (ICT) by public sector bodies to transform the processes and relations with civil society, private and academic sectors, and governmental agencies. The digitalisation of urban areas has a demonstrated impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of traditional smart city domains like mobility or energy, transforming local communities into an essential actor in addressing Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). In order to guarantee complete, long-term and sustainable smart urban development, smart cities must design and implement policies as well as measures based on solid, user-centric, inclusive, flexible, accountable and participative principles that consider ICT and data as intrinsic parts of the system. In this chapter, we describe the history, compile use cases and elaborate on the above principles to provide an overview of the recent progress in this field. In addition, we advocate for smart governance to be viewed as a foundational element of smart cities to achieve efficiency, sustainability, resilience and improved participative democracy.

The international standard for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) released by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is of great significance in promoting China’s international trade of TCM and exerting its role in global health governance. This article expounds on the development course of TCM international standardization centering on the construction and development of the Technical Committee of TCM within ISO (ISO/TC 249), analyzes and evaluates the achievements and the current situation on international standardization of TCM released by ISO, and puts forward future development ideas on this basis.

Due to greater environmental awareness, domestic laundry habits are changing, and antimicrobial control by chemical methods has become an essential factor to compensate for the use of lower temperatures during washing machine cycles. Disinfectants added to laundry detergents are a preventive strategy to reduce the transmission of bacteria, fungi, and viruses in the home, correct aesthetic damage (e.g., spotting, discolouration, and staining), and control the microbial contamination that leads to malodour. In Europe, disinfectants are regulated by the EU Biocidal Products Regulation (No. 528/2012), which stipulates that antimicrobial efficacy must be evaluated according to standardized methods. Current European standards for laundry sanitization only apply to clinical settings (EN 16616: 2015) and are restricted to the main wash cycle. Therefore, there is a gap in the EU standards regarding the testing of product efficacy in household laundering. With the aim of addressing this gap, an international ring trial was organized to evaluate the robustness of a new method (prEN 17658) designed to test the efficacy of antimicrobial laundry products in a domestic setting. The seven participating laboratories were equipped with 5 different laboratory-scale devices to simulate the washing process, and they evaluated 7 microbial parameters for 2 experimental conditions and 3 levels of active substance. The analysis of data according to ISO 5725–2 and ISO 13528 demonstrated that the method was robust. All reproducibility standard deviation values were between 0.00 and 1.40 and the relative standard deviation indicates satisfactory reproducibility. Values of logarithmic reduction ranged from less than 2 log10 for tests with water to more than 5 log10 when disinfectants were added. The evidence generated by the ring trial was presented in a proposal for a standardized method under CEN/TC 216, in which the SOP used in the ring trial is referred to as the prEN 17658 phase 2 step 2 test method covering chemothermal textile disinfection in domestic settings.

La presente tesis contribuye en el desarrollo de estrategias eficientes de sincronización y estimación de canal para sistemas de comunicaciones por la red eléctrica (Power-Line Communications – PLC), que utilizan modulación multiportadora por división de frecuencias ortogonales (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing – OFDM). El principal objetivo es disminuir la complejidad asociada respecto a variantes existentes en la literatura, y a su vez mantener un desempeño competitivo. Para ello, se realiza el diseño de un símbolo piloto construido a partir de pares de secuencias complementarias y se definen algoritmos de sincronización y estimación de canal. Se analizan las técnicas de sincronización gruesa por Autocorrelación (AC) y Correlación Cruzada (CC) en sistemas PLC, y se define un algoritmo de sincronización fina y estimación de canal a partir de la reutilización de la CC. La propuesta se evalúa por simulaciones estudiando el efecto en cada etapa de: el canal PLC, el ruido de fondo coloreado y las diversas fuentes de ruido impulsivo. Adicionalmente, se determina la degradación en el desempeño de cada etapa y se proponen soluciones en un escenario con restricción en la cantidad de subportadoras habilitadas para la transmisión del símbolo piloto, al aplicar una máscara espectral de compatibilidad electromagnética.

Abstract This book presents the advancements made in applied metrology in the field of Urban Drainage and Storm water Management over the past two decades in scientific research as well as in practical applications. Given the broadness of this subject (measuring principles, uncertainty in data, data validation, data storage and communication, design, maintenance and management of monitoring networks, technical details of sensor technology), the focus is on water quantity and a sound metrological basis. The book offers common ground for academics and practitioners when setting up monitoring projects in urban drainage and storm water management. This will enable an easier exchange of results so as to allow for a faster scientific progress in the field. A second, but equally important goal, is to allow practitioners access to scientific developments and gained experience when it comes to monitoring urban drainage and storm water systems. In-depth descriptions of international case studies covering all aspects discussed in the book are presented, along with self-training exercises and codes available for readers on a companion website. Numerous detailed examples are given in the book, with corresponding open-source codes and training files available to download here. ISBN: 9781789060102 (Paperback) ISBN: 9781789060119 (eBook)

Nanotechnologies have reached maturity and market penetration that require nano-specific changes in legislation and harmonization among legislation domains, such as the amendments to REACH for nanomaterials (NMs) which came into force in 2020. Thus, an assessment of the components and regulatory boundaries of NMs risk governance is timely, alongside related methods and tools, as part of the global efforts to optimise nanosafety and integrate it into product design processes, via Safe(r)-by-Design (SbD) concepts. This paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art regarding risk governance of NMs and lays out the theoretical basis for the development and implementation of an effective, trustworthy and transparent risk governance framework for NMs. The proposed framework enables continuous integration of the evolving state of the science, leverages best practice from contiguous disciplines and facilitates responsive re-thinking of nanosafety governance to meet future needs. To achieve and operationalise such framework, a science-based Risk Governance Council (RGC) for NMs is being developed. The framework will provide a toolkit for independent NMs' risk governance and integrates needs and views of stakeholders. An extension of this framework to relevant advanced materials and emerging technologies is also envisaged, in view of future foundations of risk research in Europe and globally.