Exide Technologies (Germany)

A famlia Pritisgasteridae uma pequena famlia de peixes Telesteos.Conhecidos como arenques,

This article highlights the special electrical properties of an industrial DC grid and compares it with other typical DC grids. In this article, the extent of transient overvoltages is presented, which must be assumed to be caused by grid faults and switching operations. Basic measures for the protection of devices are listed and evaluated.The article clarifies that basic protection is necessary for the reliable operation of devices in industrial DC grids, but is easy to implement.

BackgroundBecause antibiotic use in livestock is assumed to contribute to the emerging public health crisis of antibiotic resistance, alternatives are required. Phytogenic additives are extensively studied due to their antibiotic properties. Components of Agrimonia species have been reported as candidate antimicrobials that possess antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. We studied the impact of Agrimonia procera (AP) on the growth of selected strains of gut bacteria, the effect of AP on the mRNA abundance of genes involved in inflammation and bacterial defense in a colon carcinoma cell line, the effect of AP in piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharides, and the effect of AP on the growth performance of healthy piglets.ResultsThe in vitro growth rate of different bacteria strains was negatively affected by AP, especially in Pediococcus pentosaceus and all tested E. coli strains. Stimulation of Caco-2 cells with TNFα resulted in elevated mRNA expression of CXCL1, IL-8 and GPX2. After pretreatment of cells with AP, stimulation of Caco-2 cells with TNFα still resulted in elevated mRNA expression of CXCL1 and IL-8 at all measured points in time. However, mRNA expression in AP-pretreated cells was lower after 6 h and 24 h. In addition, expression of DEFB1 and GPX2 was significantly elevated after TNFα stimulation. In vivo, application of lipopolysaccharides induced significantly increased animal body temperatures. Piglets pretreated with AP prior to lipopolysaccharide application showed a faster and larger increase in body temperature than controls. In addition, piglets pretreated with AP appeared to release more TNFα than controls. In healthy piglets, AP treatment had no impact on growth performance parameters. Fecal dry matter and total plasma antioxidant capacity tended to be higher in piglets treated with AP than in control piglets (P = 0.055 and P = 0.087, respectively).ConclusionsAP has antimicrobial effects in vitro and stimulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in Caco-2 cells. The additive had no effect on growth in healthy piglets but increased the immune response in LPS-treated animals. In addition, AP appeared to have antioxidative effects in vivo. Therefore, AP merits testing as a future alternative to antibiotics in animal husbandry.

Abstract New plant oil crops are desirable as renewable resources for energy, for food purposes, and as building blocks in chemical synthesis. Fruit oil of Echinops sphaerocephalus was characterized by a high content of linoleic acid (over 70% of total fatty acids) and by a high tocopherol content (530–970 mg/kg oil). The majority was α‐tocopherol. Echinops sphaerocephalus plants may be cultivated in agricultural dimensions, and fruits may be obtained by a combine harvester. Echinops quinoline alkaloids present a useful by‐product of the oil production.

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The US Army has recently transitioned to using “maintenance free” batteries in its ground vehicles to increase the over-all vehicle readiness. Using lead-calcium alloy grids in place of the “reduced maintenance” design decreases water loss. This loss of water is known to be a measure of the battery self discharge. In this study, the charging of SLI batteries was examined over a range of operating temperatures as a means for characterizing the self-discharge rate as a function of battery voltage and temperature. The battery response was modeled analytically. Current activities are directed toward achieving a better description of the battery self-discharge over extreme environmental conditions.</div>

A decision must be made now or in the near future regarding DC power replacements for existing 7000 A.H. batteries which are nearing end-of-life. For many telephone companies, the decision will be based on balancing the needs of existing mechanical switches while maintaining an appropriate power posture to meet the more stringent system voltage window of planned electronic switch upgrade. This requires more exacting evaluation than ever before to ensure that battery plant replacements will be compatible with the vastly different power requirements, constraints of existing physical plant and other evolving safety and operational design considerations. The final decision on this rests on these factors, as well as economic realities. Related areas affected by battery selection (i.e.: DC bus integration, floor-loading, etc.) are addressed in this review. Specific areas, examined in detail include: Economic factor in the decision-making process. Real Estate considerations. Interfacing with existing mechanical structures. Power requirements: mechanical vs. electronic switches. Power Profiles: evaluating the options. Evolving trends in telecommunications operations and consequent effect on the battery system. Alternatives to meet present and projected DC power supply requirements are detailed with corresponding charts, graphs, and tables supplied for comparative analysis and reference.

A practical approach is used to demonstrate that the electrical resistance of the component parts of a lead-acid cell can be correlated to the total cell resistance and the electrical performance of the cell. A computer program is used to analyze the cell design for the optimum use of materials.