Experimental Factory Magdeburg

Mankind is known to be curious and inquisitive. Even if the code was lost, future individuals would be eager to find out what kind of message a printed paper offers. This already was the case when the hieroglyphs were deciphered. Printed paper doesn’t need additional equipment to be recognised as a data carrier. Therefore, paper as an analogue data store medium is an interesting redundance (to digital, microfilm or other medium) to deliver important information to future generations. The presentation deals with topics of age-resistance of paper and inks as well as recommendations how to empower printed or written paper to be a long-term data store. Different ageing conditions, different inks, different printing processes and different fibre sources reveal the opportunities and threats. Data obtained during a 2-year lasting project together with German Federal Authority for the Disposal of Nuclear Waste (Bundesamt für die Sicherheit der nuklearen Entsorgung – BASE) on long-term stability of paper – Labest Papier – emphasize the feasibility. The ageing mechanisms of paper are known, as are countermeasures. This leads to standards and recommendations for the use of paper for documents. ISO 9706 is the main proponent of the direction that longevity can be ensured solely via the composition of the paper and the initial situation at the beginning of ageing. DIN 6738, on the other hand, takes as its basis the approach of assessing the physical ageing of the paper based on artificial ageing and the strength losses observed in the process. Other standards vary the approaches somewhat or mix them in part, for which the lecture presents a comparison table. The usability of a document depends on two essential factors. Firstly, the residual strength after an ageing process must be high enough for the document to be usable. Secondly, the information written on it must still be legible or at least recognisable. However, although certain fibre resources are recommended by different standards dealing with long time storage of documents as well as some fibre sources are denied, we must consider that all fibre sources undergo an ageing process. Different combinations of fibre and ink will lead to different results after natural or artificial ageing. This doesn’t necessarily mean that only the best combination is able to fulfil the requirements related to transport information to an address in the far future. Albeit less strong or with higher optical changes, even by actual standards rejected fibre source may nevertheless be able to keep the printed in-formation over a long period of time. Paper is a proven reliable information carrier for appr. 1,000 years as the eldest known paper document archived in Palermo is from 1109 AD. It is reasonable to expect a reliability for many more years, because the papyrus “Evers” (worldwide longest, complete and best-preserved papyrus scroll) stored at the University of Leipzig is already 3,500 years old. Compared to modern information storage media such as digital media or microfilm, paper also has the advantage of a long migration time and that no reading or decoding device is necessary. Taking this into account, paper documents are predestined to play a major role in record, knowledge & memory (RK&M) strategies, as described by Pescatore et al. (see link in bibliography). Final remains to say that there can never be an intactness in the sense of being completely untouched. Paper, however, is a material consisting of natural polymers that prove their longevity in the world's oldest tree, a 9,500-year-old spruce in Sweden.

The benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for patients with early-stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) or p16-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) with a solitary ipsilateral lymph node metastasis remains unclear. A population-based analysis was conducted to assess overall survival (OS) and the incidence of locoregional recurrence (LRR) in patients diagnosed with pT1/pT2 OSCC or p16-negative OPSCC and a solitary ipsilateral lymph node metastasis without extracapsular spread (pN1) between 2017 and 2022. Information regarding clinical characteristics and outcomes was gathered from 12 clinical cancer registries in January 2024. The data were compared between those patients who underwent surgical resection alone and those who had surgery followed by adjuvant RT. The final analysis included 526 patients, with 250 individuals receiving treatment for OSCC and 276 for p16-negative OPSCC. Of these, 230 patients (43.7%) underwent surgical resection, and 296 (56.3%) had surgery followed by adjuvant RT. The addition of adjuvant RT was associated with improved 5-year OS (p=0.0079) and reduced LRR incidence (p=0.0013). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, adjuvant RT was associated with improved OS (HR 0.49 [0.32; 0.76]) and a reduced risk of LRR (HR 0.39 [0.22; 0.69]). This clinical cancer registry study portends an oncological benefit of adjuvant RT for patients with early-stage (pT1/pT2) OSCC and p16-negative OPSCC who present with solitary ipsilateral lymph node metastasis. This benefit was particularly notable in the sub-cohort of younger patients with p16-negative OPSCC and the sub-cohort of elderly patients with OSCC.

Polyamines play preeminent roles in a variety of cellular functions in the central nervous system and other organs. A large body of evidence suggests that the polyamine pathway is prominently involved in the etiology and pathology of schizophrenia. Alterations in the expression and activity of polyamine metabolizing enzymes, as well as changes in the levels of the individual polyamines, their precursors and derivatives, have been measured in schizophrenia and animal models of the disease. Additionally, neuroleptic treatment has been shown to influence polyamine concentrations in brain and blood of individuals with schizophrenia. Thus, the polyamine system may appear to be a promising target for neuropharmacological treatment of schizophrenia. However, for a number of practical reasons there is currently only limited hope for a polyamine-based schizophrenia therapy.

The trend towards the usage of battery-electric unmanned aerial vehicles needs new strategies in mission planning and in the design of the systems themselves. To create an optimal mission plan and take appropriate decisions during the mission, a reliable, accurate and adaptive energy model is of utmost importance. However, most existing approaches either use very generic models or ones that are especially tailored towards a specific UAV. We present a generic energy model that is based on decomposing a robotic system into multiple observable components. The generic model is applied to a swarm of quadcopters and evaluated in multiple flights with different manoeuvres. We additionally use the data from practical experiments to learn and generate a mission-agnostic energy model which can match the typical behaviour of our quadcopters such as hovering; movement in x, y and z directions; landing; communication; and illumination. The learned energy model concurs with the overall energy consumption with an accuracy over 95% compared to the training flights for the indoor use case. An extended model reduces the error to less than 1.4%. Consequently, the proposed model enables an estimation of the energy used in flight and on the ground, which can be easily incorporated in autonomous systems and enhance decision-making with reliable input. The used learning mechanism allows to deploy the approach with minimal effort to new platforms needing only some representative test missions, which was shown using additional outdoor validation flights with a different quadcopter of the same build and the originally trained models. This set-up increased the prediction error of our model to 4.46%.