Fakultet za Poslovni Menadžment u Baru

This paper examines organizational change strategies and their impact on organizational vitality and performance in enterprises in Montenegro. It further analyzes how management dominance, employee participation, and information flow interact within the framework of classical change strategy models. The empirical findings indicate that enterprises in Montenegro predominantly rely on directive, top-down change strategies, characterized by low levels of employee participation and limited bidirectional communication. While such approaches support short-term operational efficiency, they tend to constrain the development of long-term organizational vitality. The paper argues that integrating participatory and creative change strategies, including the spontaneous approach, represents a critical strategic direction for enhancing organizational adaptability, innovation, and transformative capacity. The findings further suggest that effective change management should be understood not only as a tool for improving efficiency, but also as a strategic mechanism for achieving sustainable organizational vitality and long-term performance. Received: 19 January 2026 / Revised: 19 February 2026 / Accepted: 2 March 2026 / Published: 25 March 2026

Nanoscience is an advancing interdisciplinary field, creating a revolutionary shift across various domains of bioengineering, including biomedicine. In particular, stimuli-responsive and self-assembled nanomaterials are at the forefront of the current research arena, emphasizing their unique physicochemical properties over their macroscopic counterparts. With the advent of "Nanoarchitectonics", conventional nanomaterials are being applied as promising biomaterials in healthcare. For instance, the concept of “Nanoarchitectonics” has enabled the synthesis of increasingly complex fullerene structures to mimic the intricate architecture of biological systems, emerging as a pivotal candidates for next-generation therapeutic strategies. This allows us to develop a promising alternative nanosystem to conventional antibiotics, especially in combating multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial and fungal species. Additionally, fullerenes are being actively explored for their therapeutic potential in radical scavenging and enzyme inhibition. In this regard, the review aims to elucidate the critical role of fullerenes in infectious biology, with a focus on current trends, antimicrobial therapies, and the underlying mechanisms of action. Furthermore, the challenges posed by drug-resistant pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, and epidemic viruses, are critically examined. Existing research gaps and limitations in the current landscape of fullerene-based technologies are highlighted, along with a discussion of future directions and potential breakthroughs in the field.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent swelling episodes, including painful abdominal attacks and life-threatening angioedema of the larynx that significantly affects patients' quality of life, including sleep. Sleep disorders have not yet been elucidated in HAE patients. This study evaluated sleep quality and insomnia by comparing attack-free periods with abdominal, head-neck, and extremity attacks. Sleep quality and insomnia were assessed using two validated questionnaires with the Basic Scale on Insomnia and Quality of Sleep (BaSIQS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI): sleep latency, difficulty falling asleep, night awakenings, problems returning to sleep, and overall sleep quality. The study included 23 HAE patients; the median age was 31 years [interquartile range (IQR): 25-37], with a female predominance (n = 16, 69.5%). During the attack-free period, the median PSQI total score was 5 (IQR: 3.75 7.25), with 56.2% of the participants (n = 13) classified as good sleepers. Total PSQI scores significantly increased during attack periods compared to the attack-free period (median: 10 for abdomen, 8.5 for extremities, and 7.5 for head-neck; p < 0.001 for all). Whereas during the attack-free period, only 40.9% of patients exhibited good sleep quality (BaSIQS <9), with a median score of 10 (IQR: 7-14.2).Scores of BaSIQS significantly increased during angioedema attacks, with medians of 15 (extremity), 16 (abdominal), and 17 (head-neck), reflecting a notable decline in sleep quality. Among the components of PSQI, compared to the attack-free period, scores except the one assessing the need for medication to sleep all domains showed statistically significant increase. This study demonstrates that poor sleep quality, prolonged sleep latency, and increased awakenings are prevalent among HAE patients. Screening for sleep disorders and targeted interventions may help improve disease control and overall quality of life in HAE patients.

In the conditions of the strong development of digital technologies, the business of organizations in a traditional environment becomes very tight. New digital technologies have implications for modern business operations. Digital trends require changes not only in the way business organizations work (jobs, workplaces and employees) but also a change in the entire concept of organizational culture (behavior and thinking of employees). In order for digital technologies not to become an obstacle to the business of modern organizations, in our work we will identify a new organizational culture that is able to support new technologies. At the same time, we will look at the key elements of the traditional organizational culture, which we have to transform. In the final part, with the aim of improving the business of business organizations, guidelines will be given for the development of a new digital organizational culture that will contribute to the improvement of business, all in the context of adapting to new digital technologies. In the study of digital transformation and organizational culture, the authors employ analytical and synthetic approaches to achieve a deeper understanding. The analytical approach deconstructs elements through qualitative analysis, while the synthetic approach integrates information and theories to form a comprehensive concept. These approaches enable the identification of optimal strategies for different contexts, which is crucial for this study. Overall, the study contributes to theoretical understanding of digital transformation and organizational culture, while also offering practical guidance for organizations undergoing the process of digital transformation.

The result of the multiple regression coefficient (R) have the following values: 0.582 in the Pirot race, 0.499 in the Svrljiska race, 0.610 in the Sjenica race and 0.580 in the Sharplanina race. The coefficient of multiple determination (R2) had the following values: 0.339 in Pirot, 0.249 in Svrljiska, 0.372 in Sjenica and 0.337 in Sharplanina sheep. It follows from this that according to the order of genotypes shown, 33.9%; 24.4%; 36.8%; and 33.2% of the variance of the body weight of lambs at 90 days, determined by the variance of the set of the following variables: PI, SV, SJ, SP- at 60, 30 and 1 day. The adjusted coefficient of multiple determination (Adjusted R2) had the following values: 0.335 in Pirot, 0.244 in Svrljiska, 0.368 in Sjenica and 0.332 in young Sharplanina sheep. From this it follows that according to the order of genotypes shown, 33.5%; 24.4%; 36.8% and 33.2% of the variance of the body weight of lambs at 90 days, determined by the variance of a set of predictor variables: PI, SV, SJ, SP- at 60, 30 and 1 day.

Ports are no longer the simple maritime services providers of the past. They are multimodal transport and logistics centres and hubs for sustainable industry and clean energy. The transition to sustainable ports, digital nodes, and energy hubs requires the radical system-led changes in the ports based on new knowledge and innovation. After a theoretical analysis of port development trends and management models used in the port development process, in this paper is proposed an approach for selecting port development priorities for the future ten years period, based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Three potential development scenarios are analyzed and evaluated based on following three selection criteria: level of revenue/profit, level of productivity, contribution to safety/security/ environmental protection in the port. AHP Hierarchy framework used was a three level model: “level 0” – goal; “level 1” – criterion; “level 2” – choice. Results of research shown that the optimal development senario is “Scenario 1”, which includes: optimizing utilization rate of existing capacity; optimizing port safety and security; optimizing environmental protection in the port; investing in keeping existing capacity unchanged, with priority investments in building new objects of port superstructure and improvements in cargo handling technologies, in accordance with concrete customer demands; introducing elements of circular economy; Results of the research can be used for prioritizing port development actions and can be taken as a realiable bases of the author`s further reaserches in this domain. Object of the research is the Port of Bar (Montenegro).

Unifying the concept of social, economic and ecological development, the new development paradigm was established under the name of sustainable development. Sustainable development should harmonize sensible consumption of natural resources with their protection and ensure a more equitable division of wealth and equal economic development at the global level. Within such a context, science and environmental education constitute the precondition for our joint future. As regards the contents, this paper provides a precise and comprehensive overview of theoretical features of environmental pollution and sustainable development, as well as the most important aspects of environmental and natural resource management. For effective control of environmental pollution to be possible, it is necessary to consider the ethical foundations of environmental economics in particular, and special attention is paid to in the paper. A significant part of this work is devoted to criticism of uncontrolled economic growth and the inefficiency of the state in controlling environmental pollution. Knowledge management for the purpose of sustainable development and development of international regulations on the environment are also included.

This paper presents the results of research conducted to identify the factors that influence the decisions of company management to outsource accounting services. A transaction cost economics (TCE) model was used to analyse factors that influence high levels of outsourcing of accounting tasks in the case of Montenegro, where, based on our sample, 75.4% of companies enter outsourcing arrangements with bookkeeping agencies or with external accountants. With an adaptation of International Accounting Standards (IAS) and legal requirements for submission of standardised year-end reports, there is evident growth of bookkeeping and financial service providers on the market and an evident trend of companies entering accounting service outsourcing with those agencies. A survey was developed to investigate 12 variables that, according to the TCE model, influence outsourcing decisions. The selection of variables was based on previous research in the field using the TCE or Resource-Based View model (the most common models used for this analysis). In contrast, new variables were introduced that measure the effects of the introduction of IAS through legal reporting obligations in Montenegro. By developing the model this way, it became possible to predict 47% of the variance of the dependent variable and to identify the main factors (other than price) that influence the decision of managers to outsource accounting services.

The aim of this paper is to research and describe the use of modular shipping containers to address the global issue of container imbalance. Empty containers remain in different locations in respect to the goods they need to transport, mainly due to trade imbalance. Considering that ports and shipping lines must optimize procedures and equipment to avoid such inefficiencies and bottlenecks without compromising their security standards, within this paper the digital technologies are identified, and procedures which need to be adapted are proposed for management of horizontally coupled or decoupled modular 20` shipping containers. Proposed methodology can be implemented contributing to the restoring of container balance. The identified problem and proposed solution are in line with the scope of Horizon 2020 - EU.3.4 Programme and its ePIcenter – "Enhanced Physical Internet-Compatible Earth-frieNdly freight Transportation answER" project.