Far Eastern State Agrarian University

For modern medicine and veterinary science, it is important to create new methods to heal purulent wounds and burns with high bactericidal activity. The experiment involved 28 rabbits at the age of two-three months divided into two groups. In the experimental group (n=14), wounds were treated with local electromagnetic radiation using the device “TOP” three times a day every day. In the control group (n=14), purulent and burn wounds were treated with 0.9 % saline solution two times a day every day. After wound modeling, the size of animals was measured daily using the planimetric method. The bacteriologic culture technique was also applied every day. The duration of the experiment was 14 days. Statistical processing of the data was carried out by the SPSS 17.0 program. From day 5, the experimental group demonstrated the wound healing rate statistically significantly higher (p<0.05). Different staphylococcus cultures were absent in the bacteriologic cultures of the experimental group on day 14, whereas in the control group they were found in 12 (85.7 %) animals. Along with the increasing rate of proteus destruction on the wound surface, burn wounds healed faster in the experimental group (p<0.05). In the test group of animals, Pseudomonas aegyposa was eliminated at day10 in 10 (71.4 %) animals. At the same time, we identified a positive correlation between the rate of wound healing and the degree of destruction of this microorganism. Against the normal reactivity of the macroorganism, the mechanism of the wound-healing effect of electromagnetic radiation consists in the creation of sterile conditions on the surface of purulent wounds and burns.

Introduction . I n vivo model for experimental creation of the necessary pathological processes is an important element of scientific research planning. Numerous series of experiments have demonstrated the relevance of modeling oxidative stress in laboratory rats by exposure to hyperthermia, magnetic field and noise. The problem of finding the advantages of each particular prooxidant factor in modeling stress response underlies the current experiment, and its expediency is induced by the need to generate a robust response of the prooxidant/antioxidant system, with statistically significant changes of its parameters, at various periods of time. The study aims at conducting a comparative assessment of the effect of noise, hyperthermia, and magnetic field on the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in rats. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted at the Research Laboratory of Amur Medical Academy in 2023–2024. The experiment involved 120 white rats divided into four equal in number groups. The animals in the first group (intact) were not subjected to any impacts; the animals in the second group (experimental group 1) were subjected to hyperthermia; the animals in the third group (experimental group 2) were exposed to magnetic field; and the animals in the fourth group (experimental group 3) were exposed to noise. On 7 th , 14 th , and 21 st days of the experiment the rats were decapitated (10 animals from each group) and their blood was sampled for analysis. Oxidative stress markers were determined using the standard techniques; the results were analysed using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The critical significance level was set to 0.05 for all assessment procedures. Results. With regard to the influence on the accumulation degree of conjugated dienes, statistically significant advantages of noise model over the magnetic field model were recorded (p=0.000005 on 14 th and 21 st days) and over hyperthermia model (p=0.002039 on 14 th day; p=0.001837 on 21 st day). With regard to malondialdehyde, noise exposure surpassed hyperthermia by the end of the experiment (p=0.000561). With regard to ceruloplasmin, the advantages of the noise model over hyperthermia model were established (p=0.0167980 on 7 th day; p=0.004813 on 21 st day), as well as over the magnetic field model (p=0.000005 at all control points). In relation to vitamin E, the noise model advantages over the magnetic field (p=0.000006 on 21 st day) were revealed. Discussion and Conclusions. Significant advantages of the noise-exposure model over the hyperthermia- and magnetic-field-exposure ones in modeling the oxidative stress were established, along with the respective changes in prooxidant/antioxidant system components. By the end of the first, second, and third weeks of the experiment, the statistically significant deviation of oxidative stress markers in laboratory animals occurred under exposure to noise, unlike exposure to temperature and magnetic field. In future, studies on the acoustic load influence on the adaptive potential of warm-blooded organisms are planned to probe possible pharmacological medications to negative influence of noise.

The aim of the study is to develop diagnostic test cards for assessing the condition of animals affected by dirofilariasis. The studies were conducted in the city of Khabarovsk. The object of the study was 12 dogs of various breeds and sexes, aged from 3 to 12 years and weighing from 3.5 to 46 kg, living in apartment conditions. Diagnostic test cards included the assessment of 19 clinical indicators and 60 signs. The research method was a clinical examination of animals. As a result of the initial examination, it was revealed that 50.0 % of the studied dogs had a forced lying posture, 80.0 % – emaciation, and 80.0 % – an increase in abdominal girth. The following abnormalities were found in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems: hypotension (62.5 %), tachycardia (37.5 %), bradycardia (12.5 %). In 80.0 % of cases, the cardiac impulse was displaced beyond the 4th–5th intercostal space; in 37.0 % of cases, the cardiac impulse was weak or split, with a muffled heart sound; in 12.5 %, it was doubled. Heart murmurs were detected in 100.0 % of animals, and capillary refill time exceeded 2 s in 70.0 % of cases. A wet cough and rapid breathing (more than 28 breaths per minute during sleep) were observed in 100.0 % of animals, and dyspnea was observed in 80.0 % of dogs. Based on the conducted studies, the dominant clinical signs of canine dirofilariasis were identified: exhaustion, abdominal breathing, rapid breathing, dyspnea, tachycardia, cough, murmurs, and split heart sounds. These signs indicate chronic cardiovascular and respiratory failure, with hypertension predominating. The obtained results can be used to develop rapid diagnostic methods for dirofilariasis in dogs.

The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of the methods of using ammonium molybdate and copper chelate microfertilizers on the quality indicators of spring wheat grain. The studies were carried out in 2017–2021 on the experimental field of the Far Eastern State Agrarian University (Gribskoye village, the Blagoveshchensk District). Agrometeorological conditions in the years of the study differed mainly from the long-term average data and were characterized by waterlogging of the soil. The object of the study is the spring wheat variety DalGAU-1 bred at the Far Eastern State Agrarian University. The area of the accountting plot is 16.0 m2, fourfold repetition, the placement of plots in the experiment is randomized. The statistical significance of differences between the mean values of the parameters was assessed at a probability level of p 0.05. Scheme of the field experiment: 1 – control without the use of fertilizers; 2 – N30P30 (background); 3 – background + seed treatment with ammonium molybdate; 4 – background + seed treatment and spraying of vegetative plants with ammonium molybdate; 5 – background + seed treatment with ammonium molybdate + spraying of vegetative plants with copper chelate in the form of EDTA; 6 – background + spraying of vegetative plants with ammonium molybdate; 7 – background + spraying of vegetative plants with copper chelate in the form of EDTA. It has been established that the use of microfertilizers contributes to an increase in the quality of spring wheat grain relative to control without the use of fertilezers: the mass of 1000 seeds is from 1.4 to 4.6 g; total vitreousness – from 1.6 to 8.2 %; natural weight – from 6.5 to 38.4 g/l and protein – from 0.7 to 2.0 %. The maximum values of these quality indicators on average for 5 years of the experiment were obtained in the variant with the use of ammonium molybdate in the treatment of seeds and spraying of vegetative plants of spring wheat. The quality of spring wheat seeds directly depended on weather conditions during the study years.

Flowering is initiated in response to environmental cues, with the photoperiod and ambient temperature being the main ones. The regulatory pathways underlying floral transition are well studied in Arabidopsis thaliana but remain largely unknown in legumes. Here, we first applied an in silico approach to infer the regulatory inputs of four FT-like genes of the narrow-leafed lupin Lupinus angustifolius. We studied the roles of FTc1, FTc2, FTa1, and FTa2 in the activation of meristem identity gene AGL8 in response to 8 h and 16 h photoperiods, vernalization, and the circadian rhythm. We developed a set of regression models of AGL8 regulation by the FT-like genes and fitted these models to the recently published gene expression data. The importance of the input from each FT-like gene or their combinations was estimated by comparing the performance of models with one or few FT-like genes turned off, thereby simulating loss-of-function mutations that were yet unavailable in L. angustifolius. Our results suggested that in the early flowering Ku line and intermediate Pal line, the FTc1 gene played a major role in floral transition; however, it acted through different mechanisms under short and long days. Turning off the regulatory input of FTc1 resulted in substantial changes in AGL8 expression associated with vernalization sensitivity and the circadian rhythm. In the wild ku line, we found that both FTc1 and FTa1 genes had an essential role under long days, which was associated with the vernalization response. These results could be applied both for setting up new experiments and for data analysis using the proposed modeling approach.

The solution to the problem of rationalizing the nutrition of the population, reducing the negative impact on the human body of harmful factors (physical, chemical) of the external environment is possible by creating functional products that include proteins, vitamins, antioxidants, pectins and other essential nutrients, the deficiency of which has been noted by biomedical research. Based on theoretical and experimental studies, the components were selected including functional ingredients: zosterin – a natural polysaccharide and vegetable filler – honeysuckle berry juice. Low-fat cottage cheese, which includes proteins, minerals, sulfur-containing compounds and other substances, was chosen as the basis of the functional product. As a result of the conducted research, technological approaches were formed and the component composition of the curd product with zosterin and berry juice was justified. The ratios of zosterol and honeysuckle juice in relation to the mass of cottage cheese have been established, ensuring proper technological and preventive effect. The organoleptic, structural-mechanical, physico-chemical parameters of the curd product have been studied. The nutritional and energy value is calculated. The developed curd product has an increased nutritional value, it contains biologically important components – vitamins, mineral salts, polyphenolic substances, pectins. It has a high digestibility due to the homogenization of all components and complementary organoleptics: pleasant aroma and taste, homogeneous, delicate consistency, attractive external characteristics. The effect of zosterol and berry juice on the quality of the curd product during storage has been studied. It has been proven that the introduction of zosterol and berry juice allows you to slow down undesirable processes, and, consequently, extend the shelf life of the product.

Providing the population with high-quality food products enriched with physiologically significant nutrients at an affordable price is a priority task of the state policy and the government of the Russian Federation. The article shows the possibility of expanding of the range of gingerbread products enriched with natural raw materials of the Far Eastern region. The technologies of the production of berry powders recommended as functional ingredients have been developed. It has been established that the replacement of flour with powder from Kamchatka bilberry pomace in the amount of 5.5% or powder from common barberry in the amount of 7.5%, soy deodorized flour of the highest grade in the amount of 5% and food additive from Daurian larch wood "Arabinogalactan" in the amount of not more than 3% in gummy gingerbread recipe contributes to obtaining a product that meets the requirements of GOST 15810-2014 and safety indicators of the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union (TR CU) 021/2011 "On Food Safety". Laboratory studies of the developed gummy gingerbread have proved compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents for organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological indicators. The technology development and the use of berry powders in the production, which make it possible to enrich traditional food products is of practical interest. The expediency of using regional raw materials to expand the range of flour confectionery products of increased nutritional and biological value has been proved.

Abstract When cultivating agricultural crops in the so-called zones of “risky farming”, regional specificity is manifested, which consists in the fact that it is impossible to establish clear terms for the completion of work in advance, and therefore the stage-by-stage planning of the course of cultivation and harvesting is carried out in accordance with the weather and climatic conditions prevailing in the period of production of crop products. Such zones include the Amur Region, where the climatic conditions, due to the prevailing natural features, namely: soil freezing to a depth of more than 2.5 m, the main amount of precipitation during the main agricultural work, high solar activity during the period of seed germination with a low bearing capacity of the soil due to surface waterlogging, the beginning of sowing operations in the presence of a solid underlying layer in the form of permafrost and minimal thawing of the fertile layer, significantly affect the progress of agricultural work. In particular, this applies to wheeled energy vehicles (MEV), provide transport and technological support for the agricultural production process. Industrial observations have established that one of the most effective solutions is the adaptation of energy resources to the conditions of regional use. This article presents the data of theoretical and experimental studies obtained in the course of introducing new technical solutions to stabilize the longitudinal and lateral stability of MEV, which help to reduce the normal pressure of the propellers on the soil and expand the use of semitrailers in crop production technology.KeywordsEnvironmental studyAgriculturalFarmingTechnological capabilities

Abstract There are a large number of tractor parameters that require proper adjustment before leaving the field. Equally important is correct ballasting. Ballasting is necessary to improve the traction and coupling properties of the tractor, as well as for stability, controllability and driving comfort. With low traction and adhesion properties, the speed of the machine is limited due to slipping of the driving wheels, the working width of the unit decreases and, as a result, productivity decreases. Thanks to ballasting, traction and coupling properties are achieved and the tractor can operate at maximum performance. Incorrectly calculated ballast weight leads to wasted fuel and time. The wheel slip indicator is responsible for correct ballasting. Too light ballast results in reduced tractive effort, excessive slipping of the drive wheels and significant fuel consumption. Optimum wheel slip on dry, solid soil is from 6 to 12%, and on treated, wet soil, values of 10–15% are allowed. The aim of the research is to find and explain the ways to improve the traction-coupling properties of the tractor, which affect the performance of the machine-tractor unit.KeywordsEnvironmental StudyTractorsCrop ProductionAgricultural