Finnish National Agency for Education

Introduction: Sleep disturbances associated with menopause (SDM) are common and bothersome, but there are currently no specifically licensed treatments, and studies thus far have used different methodologies to measure sleep quality. Among those, digital health technologies (DHTs) present an innovative approach that supports patient-centric drug development by providing insights into how a patient responds to treatment in real-world settings. DHTs therefore may offer a solution to provide unobtrusive objective measurement of SDM. Here we describe the joint development of a novel DHT-derived endpoint for assessing sleep quality in menopausal women through a collaborative approach from evidence generation to analytical, clinical, and usability validation based on regulatory guidance. Methods: To demonstrate the fit-for-purpose of the novel DHT-derived endpoint, Bayer (drug developer), Sleepiz AG (DHT provider), and DEEP Measures (collaboration platform provider) partnered and applied established frameworks to leverage prior work while compiling comprehensive data, conducting a gap analysis, and curating evidence in the DEEP Measures collaboration platform based on and in preparation for discussions with health authorities. Initial regulatory feedback from health authorities provided useful input and supported the study design on the incorporation of the DHT-derived endpoint into the clinical development program of elinzanetant. Through collaborative efforts between the drug developer and the DHT provider, the novel DHT-derived endpoint (Sleepiz One+ for continuous, home-based measurement of wake after sleep onset in SDM and other sleep parameters) was implemented as an exploratory endpoint in a phase 2 pilot study where data to demonstrate fit-for-purpose were generated and validated against polysomnography, the gold-standard objective measure for sleep. The study outcomes alongside the results of the gap analyses and leveraging prior work were then structured systematically in the DEEP Measures platform. Data were organized according to the DEEP Stack model (which included information on the measurement definition, target solution profile, and instrumentation), and these facilitated the integration of our outputs directly into the regulatory package used for following health authority interactions to drive the acceptance of the novel endpoint. Conclusion: We outline how various stakeholders collaborated to leverage prior evidence, interacted with regulatory authority, and incorporated a novel DHT-derived endpoint into clinical development programs. Evidence and data generated in the present project have the potential to build the basis for further endpoint and DHT development and validation.

Societies across Europe have faced a cascade of crises - pandemics, climate change, economic instability, and armed conflicts such as the Russian aggression in Ukraine and escalating global tensions. For Finland, sharing a long border with Russia, these crises carry particular resonance, heightening public concerns around security, preparedness, and societal stability. In this context, resilience has gained prominence in both research and policy. Yet, resilience is often framed through the lens of hard security, focused on military capacity and material preparedness, or as an individual psychological trait, while its collective, socially-embedded dimensions receive less attention. Drawing on insights from public health, social science, and community development, we share our conceptualisation of social resilience: a dynamic interplay between individual resources, social networks, institutional trust, and communication environments that together enhance a community's capacity to withstand, adapt to, and recover from disruptions. Fostering resilience, we argue, requires engaging with these broader relational and structural factors. We identify key elements that can strengthen collective social resilience: strong social ties and support systems, trust in institutions and perceived fairness, opportunities for meaningful participation, and communication practices that enhance agency, security, and shared understanding. We discuss the design and implementation of community-based interviews, interventions, and experiments across selected Finnish regions. The aim is to shift the burden of resilience from individuals to collective structures, fostering environments where people feel safe, connected, and empowered to face crises together. This contribution invites dialogue on how public health strategies can better incorporate resilience as a collective, socially-constructed phenomenon.

Lauri Rauhala (s. 13.9.1914 Sievissä, k. 5.4.2016 Helsingissä) syntyi 11-lapsisen perheen nuorimpana körttiläiseen kasvuympäristöön, jossa vanhemmat sisarukset hoitivat paljolti kasvattajan tehtäviä. Kansakoulun käyneelle Rauhalalle avautui tie Kajaanin opettajaseminaariin, josta hän valmistui vuonna 1939 ja josta hän sai kosketuksen humanistiseen sivistysihanteeseen. Opettajaseminaarin rehtori Martti Hela johdatti Rauhalaa myös kasvatustieteeseen ja psykologiaan. Rauhala ehti toimia vain kolme viikkoa kansakoulun opettajana Oulussa, kun talvisota alkoi. Hän haavoittui jatkosodan alussa ja toimi viisi vuotta sodan aikana eri tehtävissä, muun muassa joukkueenjohtajana, esikuntatyössä sekä talous- ja valistusupseerina. Hän aloitti jo asemasodan aikana kasvatustieteen opinnot J. A. Hollolle ja jatkoi niitä kotiuduttuaan rintamalta syyskuussa 1944.

Acknowledgements: During the course of the case study, the authors have benefitted from funding from A School for All - Development of Inclusive Education - project, funded by the EU (Kolarctic ENPI CBC).

The Department of Physical Education and Sports History of The National Museum administrates the oldest museum collection of exhibits and materials in the Czech Republic focusing on sports, physical education and olympism history not only in Czech lands, but also abroad. The crucial and considerable problem is the absence of a permanent exhibition, which would facilitate a systematic and permanent communication not only with non-professional public, but also with sport and museum professionals. This is a common practice abroad where various sport and olympic museums are an integral part of national cultural heritage. There has not been a permanent exhibition of Czech sport for twenty years and thus various local and private museums substitute its non-existence. Presentation of sport, physical education and olympic historic collection of the National Museum is thus doubtful. The situation in other countries in Central Europe is completely different. This paper deals with the history of The Department of Physical Education and Sports History collection, summarizes the situation in the Czech Republic and in other countries of the Visegrad group. At the end, the paper offers possible approaches that could be adopted in future practice.

In a Public Employment Service reform implemented in 2013, sixty Finnish municipalities experienced an involuntary employment office closure. The Government’s objective was to replace traditional face-to-face employment counselling with modern online counselling and simultaneously generate savings in outlays. The reform created natural experiment circumstances that allowed us to estimate the aggregate causal effects of face-to-face counselling and advice. We estimated the effects of the reform on the unemployment rate and the average unemployment duration using municipality-level panel data and various panel data estimators. We found that while the reform had a barely discernible effect on municipal unemployment rates, it increased average unemployment durations by 2–3 weeks. Hence, face-to-face counselling and online counselling are not perfect substitutes in decreasing the length of unemployment spells. Consequently, the fiscal costs of the reform outweigh the fiscal benefits by a large margin.

En occident, la liberté de la presse est typiquement envisagée comme allant de soi – comme faisant partie d’une idéologie omniprésente, plutôt que d’une doctrine. En conséquence, bien que largement revendiquée, il est nécessaire de déconstruire certains mythes libertaires sur la liberté de la presse. Par exemple, la métaphore de libre marché des idées se révèle différente du libéralisme proposé par John Milton et John Stuart Mill. L’histoire des idées ne soutient pas une vision (néo) libérale de la liberté, mais plutôt celle de la liberté arrimée à des valeurs morales. Ainsi les avocats à l’esprit étroit de la liberté à l’occidentale sont tout aussi fondamentalistes que les islamistes ainsi étiquetés.