Fujian Entry - Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau

The association between mycotoxins and esophageal cancer (EC) risk remains poorly understood, highlighting the need for evidence from population-based prospective studies. We conducted a case-cohort study nested within the Taizhou Longitudinal Study to investigate this relationship, analyzing baseline urinary mycotoxins in 866 randomly selected subcohort members and 240 incident EC cases (including seven cases from the subcohort). Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry, we measured three mycotoxins: ochratoxin A (OTA), T-2 toxin (T-2), and fumonisin B1 (FB1). While FB1 was detectable in over 88% of urine samples, OTA and T-2 were detected in less than 30% of samples. EC cases showed slightly higher detection rates for all three mycotoxins compared to the subcohort subjects. Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression analyses for case-cohort studies revealed that, after adjusting for potential confounders, the urinary levels of three mycotoxins-OTA (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73-1.56), T-2 (HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.51-2.00), and FB1 (HR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.53-1.64)-as well as co-exposure to these three mycotoxins (HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.34-5.28), showed no significant association with EC risk. These results remained consistent even after excluding the first 2 years of follow-up to minimize the influence of potential reverse causation. Our case-cohort study found no clear associations between urinary mycotoxins-OTA, T-2, or FB1-and EC risk in the studied population.

ABSTRACT To assess the dietary exposure risks of pesticide residues in snow fungus for the general population and young children, 91 snow fungus samples were collected from major production areas in Fujian Province, China and the presence of 44 pesticides was determined. A total of thirteen pesticides were detected; 65.9% of the samples contained one or more pesticide residues. The most frequently found pesticide was carbofuran, followed by acetamiprid and then imidacloprid. Data obtained were used for chronic, acute, and chronic cumulative dietary exposure risk assessments. The chronic hazard quotient (cHQ) was extremely low for both the general population and young children. The %ADI values of cumulative dietary exposures to organophosphorus pesticides and carbamates ranged from 0.53% to 1.49%, and did not exceed their corresponding ADIs. However, the acute dietary risks from all 13 pesticides, especially carbofuran and methamidophos, were of concern due to the relatively high acute hazard quotient. The risk ranking scheme showed that carbofuran could pose a high risk to snow fungus consumers. Finally, suggestions are made about the potential use in snow fungus cultivation of the pesticides with detected residues.

Field measurements of 42 in-service reinforced concrete bridges in coastal environments of Southeast China, covering a wide range of service year, span length, and concrete mixture, were carried out to investigate the chloride penetration. 323 sets of chloride measurement data were collected in total and then analysed to optimize the parameters involved in the common chloride diffusion model derived based on Fick’s second law. A modified chloride diffusion model was then proposed, taking into consideration a range of influencing factors including ambient temperature, relative humidity, stress state, carbon dioxide, chloride binding, and ageing. Verification of the modified model with field measurement data was performed. The sensitivity of the chloride diffusion to variations of each parameter was discussed in detail eventually.

Ornithogalum mosaic virus (OrMV) has a wide host range and affects the production of a variety of ornamentals. In this study, the coat protein (CP) gene of OrMVwas used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution of this virus. The 36 OrMV isolates fell into two groups which have a significant subpopulation differentiation with an FST value of 0.470. One isolate was identified as a recombinant and the other 35 recombination-free isolates could be divided into two major clades under different evolutionary constraints with ω-values of 0.055 and 0.028, respectively, indicating a role of purifying selection in the differentiation of OrMV. In addition, the results from molecular variance of analysis (AMOVA) indicated that the effect of host species on the genetic divergence of OrMV is greater than that of geography. In BaTS analysis, OrMV isolates from the genera Ornithogalum, Lachenalia, Diuri tended to group together, indicating that OrMV diversification was maintained, in part, by host-driven adaptation. Furthermore, age calculations suggested that the first divergence event of the OrMV isolates analyzed might take place around 1068 BC.

Two new species of Microplitis Förster, 1862, M.bomiensis Zhang, sp. nov., and M.paizhensis Zhang, sp. nov. from Tibet, China are described and illustrated. A key to the species of the genus Microplitis Förster from China is added.

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was established for the determination of 50 non-food additives in health food. The samples were extracted with methanol and purified using the QuEChERS method. The separation was performed on an Agilent Phoroshell SB C18 column (150 mm×3.0 mm, 2.7 μm) with a mobile phase of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile. The determination was performed by MS/MS in positive or negative electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring mode. The results demonstrated that all 50 compounds could be well separated with a good linear relationship (r2>0.99). The limits of detection (LODs, S/N ≥ 3) and limits of quantification (LOQs, S/N ≥ 10) were in the range of 0.010-1 mg/kg and 0.020-2 mg/kg, respectively. The matrix effects in five kinds of typical health foods (oral liquid, tablets, ointments, pills, and capsules) were evaluated and reduced by means of matrix matching. At the spiked levels of 1 LOQ, 2 LOQ, and 10 LOQ, the recoveries of all drugs varied from 63.1% to 115.7% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of no more than 8.9% (n=6). The method is simple, sensitive, practical, and suitable for monitoring 50 non-edible additives in health food.