Funabashi Central Hospital

Apocrine carcinoma cases with sebaceous differentiation have not been reported and can be misdiagnosed as sebaceous carcinoma. We present two cases of apocrine carcinoma with marked sebocyte-like cytological features. Tumors were observed in the left axilla of a 68-year-old man (Case 1) and the right axilla of a 72-year-old man (Case 2). Both patients presented with multiple lymph node metastases. Histopathology revealed densely distributed solid nests of tumor cells containing foamy cytoplasm and enlarged round nuclei with prominent nucleoli. The tumor cells diffusely expressed adipophilin, PRAME (cytoplasmic pattern), androgen receptor, BerEP4, and GCDFP15 but did not express p63 in both cases. PIK3CA E726K and H1047R mutations were detected in Cases 1 and 2, respectively. Tumor location in the axilla, the presence of eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, prominent nucleoli, and PIK3CA mutations, immunoreactivity for BerEP4 and GCDFP15, and lack of p63 immunoexpression findings matched apocrine carcinoma characteristics, but not sebaceous carcinoma. Thus, apocrine carcinoma can demonstrate intracytoplasmic lipid accumulation and rarely exhibit sebocyte-like cytological features. Apocrine carcinoma should be distinguished from sebaceous carcinoma due to the former's higher metastatic potential and lack of association with Muir-Torre syndrome.

Many molecular targeted agents, including biologics, have emerged for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but their high prices have prevented their widespread use. This study aimed to reveal the changes in patient characteristics and the therapeutic strategies of IBD before and after the implementation of biologics in Japan, where the unique health insurance system allows patients with IBD and physicians to select drugs with minimum patient expenses. The analysis was performed using a prospective cohort, including IBD expert and nonexpert hospitals in Japan. In this study, patients were classified into two groups according to the year of diagnosis based on infliximab implementation as the prebiologic and biologic era groups. The characteristics of therapeutic strategies in both groups were evaluated using association analysis. This study analyzed 542 ulcerative colitis (UC) and 186 Crohn’s disease (CD). The biologic era included 53.3% of patients with UC and 76.2% with CD, respectively. The age of UC (33.9 years vs. 38.8 years, P < 0.001) or CD diagnosis (24.3 years vs. 31.9 years, P < 0.001) was significantly higher in the biologic era group. The association analysis of patients with multiple drug usage histories revealed that patients in the prebiologic era group selected anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α agents, whereas those in the biologic era group preferred biologic agents with different mechanisms other than anti-TNF-α. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that both patient characteristics and treatment preferences in IBD have changed before and after biologic implementation.

Mumps virus infection may cause acute sensorineural hearing loss, usually unilateral. It is sometimes accompanied by dizziness, and the vestibular dysfunction caused by mumps virus infection has not yet been well documented. We encountered two cases of mumps virus-induced hearing loss with vertigo, and conducted a series of vestibular function tests.

Plaque-type blue nevus is a rare variant of blue nevi that was first described in 1954. This article presents clinical, macroscopic, histopathological, and genetic findings for a case of large plaque-type blue nevus expanding into the mammary gland tissue as well as the skin of the right breast. A 63-year-old woman presented with a congenital, large, blue-colored macule limited to the hypochondriac area of the right breast. A nodule 8 mm in diameter was also present in the mammary gland tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging was unable to detect diffuse melanin deposition in the mammary gland tissue, but pigmentation in the whole mammary parenchyma was observed in the cut surfaces of the mastectomy specimen. Histopathology revealed a sparse distribution of dendritic melanocytes in whole sections of the mammary fibrous tissue and partial sections of the dermis. The histopathological criteria for atypical cellular blue nevus were fulfilled for the mammary tumor. Nodal blue nevus was diagnosed in the sentinel lymph node. Sanger sequencing confirmed the GNAQ Q209P mutation, which was also identified in all 4 literature cases of plaque-type blue nevus, but rarely in conventional blue nevi and uveal melanoma. It should be noted that plaque-type blue nevus can expand into the mammary gland tissue, even if the pigmented lesion does not exist on the overlying breast skin. The mammary condition can be the origin of primary mammary melanocytic tumors. Mosaicism of the GNAQ Q209P mutation can be a characteristic genetic alteration to extensive blue nevi, including plaque-type blue nevus.

Introduction Condoliase is a newly approved drug that improves symptoms associated with lumbar disk herniation (LDH) by intradiscal administration. This study aimed to evaluate the mid-term outcomes of condoliase injection, examine the adverse events, including cases that required surgery after condoliase administration, and verify cases in which condoliase could be effective. Methods We enrolled patients with LDH who were treated conservatively for at least six weeks and received condoliase. We assessed the visual analog scale (VAS) score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire, Oswestry Disability Index, disk height, and disk degeneration for up to 6 months, and we examined the complications. Furthermore, a 50% or more improvement in leg pain VAS score was considered effective. Factors related to symptom improvement were investigated by determining whether lower limb pain improved in six months. Results In total, 84 patients were recruited (52 men, 32 women; mean age, 44.2 ± 17.1 [16-86 years]). The duration of illness was 6.7 ± 6.8 (1.5-30) months. All patient-based outcomes significantly improved at 4 weeks after the administration compared with pretreatment. The intervertebral disc height decreased significantly at four weeks after condoliase administration compared with that before administration. Progression of intervertebral disc degeneration occurred in 50% of the patients. Eleven patients underwent herniotomy due to poor treatment effects. Moreover, treatment in 77.4% of the patients was considered effective. A logistic regression analysis revealed that L5/S1 disk administration (p = 0.029; odds ratio, 5.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-29.45) were significantly associated with clinical effectiveness. Conclusions Condoliase disk administration improved pain and quality of life over time. Condoliase disk administration was more effective in L5/S1 intervertebral administration.

Muir-Torre syndrome is a hereditary condition characterized by occurrence of sebaceous neoplasms or keratoacanthomas and visceral tumors. The most common mechanism for this syndrome is a constitutional defect in the mismatch repair genes. We report the case of a 67-year-old woman with a mutator L homologue 1 (MLH1) mutation. She had a history of endometrial and colorectal cancers. The patient presented with a typical keratoacanthoma on the right cheek and numerous sebaceous neoplasms on the face and trunk. Seven sebaceous adenomas and a low-grade sebaceous carcinoma were excised. Most sebaceous adenomas showed dermoscopic features such as some yellow comedo-like globules and curved vessels in creamy-white areas. Moreover, they revealed pathological features such as keratoacanthoma-like architecture and peritumoral or intratumoral lymphocytes. One of these sebaceous adenomas indicated histopathologically spontaneous regression and another was continuous with the hair follicle. Immunohistochemical staining for mismatch repair proteins revealed loss of expression for MLH1 and postmeiotic segregation increased 2 (PMS2) proteins in tumor cells nuclei in both keratoacanthoma and sebaceous adenoma. Nuclei in overhanging epithelial lips of the keratoacanthoma were also negative. These findings suggest that the type of Muir-Torre syndrome-related cutaneous tumor may have been affected by mismatch repair protein deficient sites in the pilosebaceous unit.

〔目的〕足関節サポーターの装着が片脚着地動作時の下肢関節に及ぼす影響について明らかにすることである．〔対象と方法〕対象は健常成人男性9名とした．課題動作は，30 cm台から右下肢での片脚着地とした．被験者の右足関節にはサポーターを装着した．着地方向は，前後左右の4方向とした．使用機器は，三次元動作解析装置および床反力計とした．解析は，着地脚の下肢関節角度，下肢関節モーメント，下肢関節パワーのピーク値を算出した．〔結果〕サポーターを装着した場合，すべての着地方向において足関節パワーが有意に減少し，前方および右側着地において膝関節パワーが有意に増加した．〔結語〕足関節サポーターの装着は，着地動作における足関節への負荷を減少させることができるが，衝撃吸収を膝関節が補っている可能性が示唆された．

Retrospective cohort study. To clarify the poor patient satisfaction after lumbar spinal surgery in elderly patients. As the global population continues to age, it is important to consider the surgical outcome and patient satisfaction in the elderly. No studies have assessed patient satisfaction in elderly patients undergoing surgical treatment and risk factors for poor satisfaction in elderly patients after lumbar spinal surgery. A retrospective multicenter survey was performed in 169 patients aged above 80 years who underwent lumbar spinal surgery. Patients were followed up for at least 1 year after surgery. We assessed patient satisfaction from the results of surgery by using a newly developed patient questionnaire. Patients were assessed by demographic data, surgical procedures, complications, reoperation rate, pain improvement, and risk factors for poor patient satisfaction with surgery for lumbar spinal disease. In total, 131 patients (77.5%, G-group) were satisfied and 38 patients (22.5%, P-group) were dissatisfied with surgery. The 2 groups did not differ significantly in baseline characteristics and surgical data. Postoperative visual analog scale score for low back pain and leg pain were significantly higher in the P-group than in the G-group (low back pain: G-group, 1.7±1.9 vs. P-group, 5.2±2.5, P<0.001; leg pain: G-group, 1.4±2.0 vs. P-group, 5.5±2.6, P<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that postoperative vertebral fracture (P=0.049; odds ratio, 3.096; 95% confidence interval, 1.004-9.547) and reoperation (P=0.025; odds ratio, 5.692; 95% confidence interval, 1.250-25.913) were significantly associated with the patient satisfaction after lumbar spinal surgery. Postoperative vertebral fracture and reoperation were found to be risk factors for poor patient satisfaction after lumbar spinal surgery in elderly patients, which suggests a need for careful treatment of osteoporosis in addition to careful determination of surgical indication and procedure in elderly patients. Level III.

要旨症例は76歳の男性。4日前に階段を転落した後からの左側胸部痛と呼吸苦を主訴に当院を独歩受診し，外来の廊下で突然卒倒した。目撃者により心停止を認識され，心肺蘇生を受けつつERに搬入。初期心電図波形は無脈性電気活動で，アドレナリン1mg静脈内投与と気管挿管を含む二次救命処置により自己心拍再開。蘇生後の胸部単純X線写真にて大量の左胸水貯留と縦隔右方偏位を認め，鈍的胸部外傷に伴う大量血胸と診断し，直ちに胸腔ドレナージを施行。中等度血性胸水2,100mLが排出され，バイタルサインは改善した。その後に撮影した単純CT画像にて左多発肋骨骨折を確認。ICU入室後，集中治療により意識・呼吸・循環は順調に回復し，第2病日に気管挿管チューブを抜管。第5病日に撮影した造影CT画像にて最大径46mmの左肺腫瘍と縦隔リンパ節・骨・副腎転移を認め，胸水細胞診の結果class Vと判定され，肺癌と診断。第7病日にICUを退室して呼吸器内科に転科，第64病日に神経学的後遺症なく転院となった。本症例の心停止は，癌性胸水が緩徐に貯留した状態に外傷性の血性胸水が負荷されたことにより緊張性胸水の状態となり，それまで代償性に維持し得ていた呼吸循環動態が破綻して閉塞性ショックと低酸素血症に陥ったことが原因のoncologic emergencyであったと推定された。