Fundación Universitaria Panamericana

To evaluate the association between social inequalities and deaths from traffic injuries in Colombia in 2019. This ecological study evaluated the association between social inequalities and deaths from traffic injuries among users of the road transport system in Colombia in 2019, based on secondary information sources, using the department level as the administrative and geographic unit of study. A descriptive statistical analysis of health indicators and equity stratifiers was performed. Absolute and relative measures were used to determine social inequality gaps. In 2019, 6 580 people died from road traffic injuries in Colombia. The majority of them (82%) were men. The most critical user condition was being a motorcyclist. The age group with the most victims was approximately 30 years old. Departments with populations between 500 000 and 2 000 000 were the most represented. The most critical equity stratifier was the number of registered motorcycles per 100 000 population. Significant inequality gaps between departments were observed. Inequalities in deaths from road traffic injuries in Colombia were observed. Policies and actions should focus on helping to reduce identified inequities, resulting in better quality of life, well-being, and health for the population.

La comunicación de los pacientes con sus familiares durante la estancia hospitalaria ha permanecido por décadas como un problema infravalorado, que ha sido suplido por las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación mediante dispositivos móviles, como los teléfonos celulares y los smartphones. No obstante, estas tecnologías presentan problemas relacionados con la brecha tecnológica y su acceso y disponibilidad en condiciones de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica; además de que su uso en ambientes intrahospitalarios representa un riesgo latente de bioseguridad. Uno de los principales inconvenientes del uso de teléfonos celulares y smartphone en el ambiente intrahospitalario está relacionado con la imposibilidad de someter estos dispositivos a un adecuado proceso de desinfección y/o esterilización, lo cual los convierte en vectores pasivos (fómites) y en un potencial riesgo para la salud pública. En respuesta a este problema, la presente investigación (actualmente en fase de prototipado) está orientada hacia el diseño, desarrollo, pruebas, prototipado e implementación de un dispositivo de comunicación modular, de bajo costo, soportado en una plataforma de mensajería y VOIP de base de estándares abiertos, para uso exclusivo intrahospitalario, que pueda someterse a procesos de desinfección y/o esterilización, y cuyas prestaciones estén dirigidas exclusivamente a la comunicación paciente-familia a través de video llamadas. Adicionalmente, el dispositivo cumplirá con los parámetros necesarios de seguridad eléctrica e interferencia electromagnética exigidos para su uso intrahospitalario por las autoridades reguladoras. Los resultados de esta investigación beneficiarán a los pacientes con patologías que requieren de aislamiento intrahospitalario y a sus familias, dado que permitirá de una manera aséptica y económica la comunicación entre ellos; también beneficiará a la comunidad médica y asistencial al evitar la manipulación de teléfonos celulares y smartphone de uso personal en áreas de aislamiento; y beneficiará a la comunidad en general al evitar extraer del ambiente intrahospitalario dispositivos que pueden convertirse en fómites transmisores del SARS-CoV-2 y otros agentes patógenos (staphylococcus, streptococcus y bacillus, entre otros). Los resultados de la presente investigación impactarán positivamente en el estado emocional y socioafectivo de los pacientes y su núcleo familiar; en mayor medida en aquellos casos de aislamiento que requieren de largas estancias hospitalarias (patologías como COVID-19, tuberculosis pulmonar activa y laríngea, y neumonía por mycoplasma, entre otras). Este proyecto surge de la necesidad de visualizar y dar alivio mediante el uso de la ingeniería a la cruda y dura realidad de los pacientes en aislamiento intrahospitalario, y a sus familiares: los cuales a diario se enfrentan al posible escenario de ver por última vez a sus seres queridos. Este proyecto se fundamenta en el principio de que nadie merece morir lejos de las personas que ama; nadie merece morir sin escuchar la voz de aquellos que le acompañaron en el recorrido por una vida de travesías, alegrías y fracasos; ningún padre, ni ninguna madre, ningún hijo, ningún paciente merece morir sin poder ver por última vez su propio reflejo en el brillo de los ojos de las personas que le amaron.

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The main objective of this study was to establish the relationship between the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and the performance of business diversification within a sample of companies belonging to the autonomous community of the Basque country. For this, a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was performed, taking the coefficients to explain the variance of the two sets of variables. It can be affirmed that the ICT of general use, of electronic commerce and of relationship impact in the elements that compose the performance of the diversified company.

We propose a method to discover latent topics and visualise large collections of tweets for easy identification and interpretation of topics, and exemplify its use with tweets from a Colombian mass media giant in the period 2014--2019. The latent topic analysis is performed in two ways: with the training of a Latent Dirichlet Allocation model, and with the combination of the FastText unsupervised model to represent tweets as vectors and the implementation of K-means clustering to group tweets into topics. Using a classification task, we found that people respond differently according to the various news topics. The classification tasks consists of the following: given a reply to a news tweet, we train a supervised algorithm to predict the topic of the news tweet solely from the reply. Furthermore, we show how the Colombian peace treaty has had a profound impact on the Colombian society, as it is the topic in which most people engage to show their opinions.

Hablar de autores y novelas independientes debería ser un cometido o una prioridad de la crítica literaria en un país como Colombia. Y caracterizo este grupo de escritores y obras dentro de aquellas que no cuentan con un apoyo sólido en las editoriales tradicionales o los círculos literarios habituales, algunos de estos integrados por narradores ya aclamados. Por ende, bien vale la pena dar un vistazo a aportes literarios de poca divulgación que por tal motivo se ubican al margen de los siempre promocionados. La democratización de la cultura, el arte y los saberes en general ayudarían mucho a generar inclusión y a la conformación de una sociedad más armónica y tolerante; tal vez sería una manera más de hacer paz en nuestro país.

To review data on functional low vision (FLV) (low vision-visual acuity (VA) < 6/18 (<20/60) to > perception of light (PL+) in the better eye-that is untreatable and uncorrectable) in adults aged 50 years or older from published population-based surveys from 15 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Data from 15 cross-sectional, population-based surveys on blindness and visual impairment (10 national and five subnational) covering 55 643 people > 50 years old in 15 countries from 2003 to 2013 were reanalyzed to extract statistics on FLV. Eleven of the studies used the rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) method and four used the rapid assessment of cataract surgical services (RACSS) method. For the 10 national surveys, age-and sex-specific prevalence of FLV was extrapolated against the corresponding population to estimate the total number of people > 50 years old with FLV. Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of FLV in people > 50 years old ranged from 0.9% (Guatemala, Mexico, and Uruguay) to 2.2% (Brazil and Cuba) and increased by age. The weighted average prevalence for the 10 national surveys was 1.6%: 1.4% in men and 1.8% in women. For all 10 national studies, a total of 509 164 people > 50 years old were estimated to have FLV. Based on the 910 individuals affected, the main causes of FLV were age-related macular degeneration (weighted average prevalence of 26%), glaucoma (23%), diabetic retinopathy (19%), other posterior segment disease (15%), non-trachomatous corneal opacities (7%), and complications after cataract surgery (4%). FLV is expected to rise because of 1) the exponential increase of this condition by age, 2) increased life expectancy, and 3) the increase in people > 50 years old. These data can be helpful in planning and developing low vision services for the region; large countries such as Brazil and Mexico would need more studies. Prevention is a major strategy to reduce FLV, as more than 50% of it is preventable.

To investigate and describe the prevalence and causes of blindness and moderate and severe visual impairment in older adults living in Uruguay. All individuals aged ≥ 50 years old living in randomly selected clusters were eligible to participate. In each census enumeration unit selected, 50 residents aged 50 years and older were chosen to participate in the study using compact segment sampling. The study participants underwent visual acuity (VA) measurement and lens examination; those with presenting VA (PVA) < 20/60 also underwent direct ophthalmoscopy. Moderate visual impairment (MVI) was defined as PVA < 20/60-20/200, severe visual impairment (SVI) was defined as PVA < 20/200-20/400, and blindness was defined as PVA < 20/400, all based on vision in the better eye with available correction. Out of 3 956 eligible individuals, 3 729 (94.3%) were examined. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of blindness was 0.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5-1.3). Cataract (48.6%) and glaucoma (14.3%) were the main causes of blindness. Prevalence of SVI and MVI was 0.9% (95% CI: 0.5-1.3) and 7.9% (95% CI: 6.0-9.7) respectively. Cataract was the main cause of SVI (65.7%), followed by uncorrected refractive error (14.3%), which was the main cause of MVI (55.2%). Cataract surgical coverage was 76.8% (calculated by eye) and 91.3% (calculated by individual). Of all eyes operated for cataract, 70.0% could see ≥ 20/60 and 15.3% could not see 20/200 post-surgery. Prevalence of blindness in Uruguay is low compared to other Latin American countries, but further reduction is feasible. Due to Uruguay's high cataract surgical coverage and growing proportion of people ≥ 50 years old, the impact of posterior pole diseases as a contributing factor to blindness might increase in future.