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Multilingual households are rapidly expanding worldwide, yet most research still focuses on monolingual or bilingual families, leaving the dynamics of multilingual households underexplored. Guided by Coleman’s Family Capital Theory, this study investigates how multi-ethnic families in Canada, Pakistan, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia negotiate heritage language transmission alongside English acquisition. Using a cross-country ethnographic design, participant observation, semi-structured interviews, video reminiscences, and archival research were conducted with 40 families (Canada 12, Pakistan 10, Jordan 9, Saudi Arabia 9), including children aged 5–18. Sample sizes were tailored to cultural access and feasibility rather than equal national quotas. Findings reveal that storytelling, moral teaching, and religious rituals are central to preserving heritage languages, while English is prioritized for education and employment. Families experienced accent-related identity issues, reduced heritage language proficiency among younger members, and intergenerational communication gaps. Children’s incidental exposure to digital platforms (e.g., educational apps, YouTube, online religious classes) and the challenges of displacement among migrant families were observed but not systematically measured. The study underscores that English supports integration and mobility but risks weakening cultural and linguistic identity. It recommends that educators and policymakers design pluralist, culturally responsive strategies—such as embedding family-driven literacy practices into curricula and fostering additive bilingualism through community and school partnerships—to sustain heritage languages alongside English. The comparative ethnographic approach offers a replicable framework for future cross-cultural studies. Longitudinal research and systematic examination of digital technologies and displacement contexts are proposed as key directions to advance understanding of intergenerational language maintenance and identity resilience.

Digitisation and automation are driving a paradigm shift towards autonomous supply chains, where intelligent systems orchestrate end-to-end processes with minimal human intervention. This paper explores the concept of the autonomous supply chain, its potential benefits and the challenges associated with its realisation. By examining the roles of cognitive planning, strategic sourcing, procurement, manufacturing, warehousing and logistics, the paper envisions a future where machines manage machines, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) and advanced analytics. This transition, however, raises critical considerations around governance, performance measurement, human capital and environmental sustainability. Through industry examples, the paper focuses on the partnerships, standards and technological infrastructure required to navigate the path towards autonomous supply chain operations. Ultimately, the paper contributes to the discourse on the transformative potential and responsible development of self-driving supply chains.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has changed veterinary diagnosis but its long-sequence time can be problematic, especially because animals need to be sedated during the exam. Unfortunately, shorter scan times implies a fall in overall image quality and diagnosis reliability. Therefore, we developed a Generative Adversarial Net-based denoising algorithm called HawkAI. In this study, a Standard-Of-Care (SOC) MRI-sequence and then a faster sequence were acquired and HawkAI was applied to the latter. Radiologists were then asked to qualitatively evaluate the two proposed images based on different factors using a Likert scale (from 1 being strong preference for HawkAI to 5 being strong preference for SOC). The aim was to prove that they had at least no preference between the two sequences in terms of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and diagnosis. They slightly preferred HawkAI in terms of SNR (confidence interval (CI) being [1.924–2.176]), had no preference in terms of Artifacts Presence, Diagnosis Pertinence and Lesion Conspicuity (respective CIs of [2.933–3.113], [2.808–3.132] and [2.941–3.119]), and a very slight preference for SOC in terms of Spatial Resolution and Image Contrast (respective CIs of [3.153–3.453] and [3.072–3.348]). This shows the possibility to acquire images twice as fast without any major drawback compared to a longer acquisition.

Objectives: This pilot study aims to determine if patients untrained in performing ultrasound can self-scan to obtain images under remote clinician teleguidance during a simulated telehealth encounter. This study also seeks to describe the patients’ comfort level and barriers to performing an ultrasound examination on themselves using a handheld ultrasound device. Methods: This was a single center prospective observational cohort study conducted over a 4-month period in 2021. Patients were eligible if they had no prior training in the use of ultrasound and in the use of teleguidance. They voluntarily consented to participate at a single ambulatory internal medicine clinic. Results: 20 participants were enrolled and underwent teleguidance to ultrasound their own skin and soft tissues at the antecubital fossae. Six second video clips were evaluated by 2 subject matter experts using the Point of Care Ultrasound Image Quality scale. A score >7 was considered adequate for diagnostic interpretation. The average score was 10.15/14, with a minimum score of 5/14, and maximum score of 14/14 and a standard deviation (SD) of 2.39 using a two tailed Z-score. Setting alpha at 0.05 the 95% CI was (5.47-14.83). Conclusion: In a pilot study of 20 participants with no ultrasound experience, untrained healthy volunteers were able to perform technically acceptable and interpretable ultrasound scans using teleguidance by a trained clinician.

Yoga is beneficial for maintaining physical and mental fitness. And these days, technology is helping yoga find a new companion as online yoga becomes more and more common, making it easy to access classes and instructions. TensorFlow’s pose net, a tool for pose detection, is used by the AI yoga web app. Pre-trained models for identifying human poses are immediately accessible in the browser using posenet.js, a toolkit for estimating yoga poses based on body count rate determined by the pose. A person can receive feedback on the accuracy of their pose and keep track of their fitness goal in the application using real-time camera data.

Panelists discuss issues including what the opportunities are for care in the home that exist today and how are organizations are thinking about scaling initiatives? What are the biggest policy barriers stifling the growth of care in the home and innovative home-based models? What are the recommendations for policymakers? What are the operational limitations that can be addressed through changes in policy? Is the workforce prepared to support the shift to care in the home?

This paper outlines a proposal for how to implement Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC) based on open banking standards and supports both account-based and token-based CBDC models, transacting online and offline with immediate finality, while recognising the European PSD2 requirements, including (multi-factor) strong customer authentication (SCA). The authors recognise the limitations with current smartphone technologies with respect to deploying trusted applications and in performing the role of a qualified signature creation device - highly relevant to offline scenarios. In some cases, the authors recommend regulatory review, in others they recommend taking full advantage of the existing capabilities of the separated secure execution environment by dividing the control of a CBDC transaction between both payee and payer devices, so that if one device was compromised, this does not undermine the whole transaction. It balances the need for anonymity with financial crime regulatory requirements and suggests that a CBDC wallet can be enriched with eID capabilities, or vice versa. The wallet is bound to the person’s identity, their device and software via a chain of trust (eIDAS for the EU or similar for non-EU countries). The authors combine this with self-sovereign identity (SSI) principles to maximize privacy and minimize information sharing with a third party

Fungal osteomyelitis is rarely documented in the maxillofacial region. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a rise in the number of cases with post-covid fungal osteomyelitis of jaws. An invasive lesion can have a devastating effect in the patients. Hence a better understanding of the lesion progression is needed. This case series aims to showcase the progression of such lesions in the maxillofacial region in four COVID-19 recovered patients along with radiographic findings. It is believed that the timely identification and management of these lesions would significantly reduce morbidity and mortality. Key Words COVID-19, Diabetes Mellitus, Fungal Osteomyelitis, Mucormycosis.

The application of diverse technologies such as sensors, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, digital twins and predictive analytics is rapidly changing the way companies design, manufacture, distribute and service products. An obvious indication of this change is the increasing evolution toward digitised supply chains, which support the rapid integration of data and information from different sources to enhance supply chain performance. This paper explores digitisation as a critical enabler of effective supply chain management, including risk management.

Joe Biden's chief economic adviser joins a proactive investor who was one of the largest private investors in Greek government bonds in dispelling a number of widespread misconceptions about public finance and sovereign debt, with particular focus on the inadequacies of the conventional measures used by politicians, the media, and even many economists when assessing the financial performance and condition of national governments. After describing the limitations of the “traditional debt and deficit model,” Paul B. Kazarian proposes the use of an alternative called Public Financial Management, or “PFM,” that has been implemented in New Zealand, the U.K. and 12 other countries. Such a model aims to provide a general government total balance sheet (federal, state, and local governments) that reflects all government assets and liabilities. And when using PFM, one finds, for example, that New Zealand is consistently ranked first or second in the world on Government Total Net Worth as percentage of GDP and Citizens' Wealth (CW1), whereas the U.S. falls well below the top tier.Jared Bernstein, on the other hand, is much less concerned by the understatement of U.S. debt and other liabilities than by the failure of conventionally reported U.S. debt and spending statistics to distinguish between “good” and “bad” debt, and between positive‐ and negative‐NPV public expenditures. While conceding that U.S. unfunded liabilities “sound very scary,” Bernstein points out that financial markets seem relatively unconcerned, if only because these future costs and liabilities are estimated on the basis of current law and practices, and sovereign governments, to a far greater extent than private corporations, have the power to limit liabilities or increase projected revenues just by reducing benefits or imposing or raising taxes.