GMA Industries (United States)

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from two-dimensional (2D) images and monocular videos remains a challenge in computer vision and graphics, particularly for complex surfaces and non-ideal imaging conditions. This short review, conducted using PRISMA guidelines, surveys deep-learning based approaches published between 2020 and 2025, emphasising neural implicit representations, real-time 3D reconstruction, transformer-based architectures and hybrid methods. Neural Implicit methods such as Neuralangelo and NeuS demonstrate accurate and complete surface modelling, with Neuralangelo more notably achieving higher fidelity standards than its predecessor NeuS while being 7% more efficient. For real-time applications, RTG-SLAM offers efficient, coherent scene reconstruction through recent adaptive 3D Gaussian Splatting methods. Transformer-based frameworks like EVolT address persistent multi-view attention challenges, though they remain restricted by voxel resolution and memory demands. These emerging technologies have broad implications across domains including AR, cultural heritage, medical imaging, object prototyping, and plant phenotyping.

Abstract Water resources play a significant role in economic growth and socio-economic development. Jordan experiences water scarcity. As the water resources can be used in manufacturing and agriculture, their sustainable use and solutions to water scarcity problem can contribute to the sustainable economic and socio-economic development in Jordan. Furthermore, there are political and economic aspects of Jordan’s water scarcity. Jordan is trying to solve its water scarcity problem through projects. Based on an in-depth literature review, this chapter aims to investigate Jordan’s water scarcity problem, highlighting its political and economic aspects and their impacts on socio-economic development, and to propose solutions to the water scarcity problem in Jordan. Water is vital for economic development and political stability in Jordan. It is important for Jordan to use its water resources in an efficient, effective and sustainable way so that socio-economic development of Jordan can be supported. Unsustainable use of water resources can cause depletion of Jordan’s scarce water resources, which can exacerbate magnitude of water resource problem and hinder socio-economic development. This chapter can be beneficial to economists, politicians and academics.

This paper describes the exploitation of spurious unwanted electromagnetic emissions from electronic circuits as a means to test and diagnose failures and performance anomalies within circuit cards and assemblies. Enhanced diagnostic capability with order-of-magnitude reduction in development and recurring costs as well as development time are likely outcomes of the successful realization of this approach. Testing is accomplished using non-contact methods providing a means to establish virtual test connectors throughout multi-layer circuit cards. Signals within electromagnetic fields that emanate across the frequency spectrum can be acquired and measured without removing protective conformal coatings. Signal propagation through the circuit card and between components is readily discernible using this technique, and the information content and intelligence contained within these signals can be used to determine the existence and the nature of faults, and probable fault location(s). Results achieved to date also indicate that electromagnetic field anomalies can reveal the existence of marginally performing components that may fail prematurely or where failure is imminent.

An innovative approach is described for diagnosing faults in printed circuit boards (PCB) and PCB components through the detection, analysis, and localization of electrical field changes that occur within and around the PCB. This method utilizes electromagnetic emissions (EME) originating from the PCB to determine circuit health. EME from rapidly changing voltages and currents within high-speed logic and other circuits have traditionally been seen as a problematic source of interference that must be eliminated to as great an extent as possible. However, changes within these emissions can be a highly significant indicator that a failure has occurred within a PCB component as well as within adjacent circuit card paths of the board itself. Further, the hardware and software requirements needed to capture and analyze these emissions are relatively simple in comparison to todaypsilas highly complex automatic test equipment. This unique approach involves analyzing electromagnetic emission signatures through automated means, and ascribing failures to the circuit board as a whole, as well as to the individual circuit board components.

This paper describes research and development efforts in the use of infrared (IR) laser beams for detecting failures in integrated circuits resident on printed circuit boards. This work involves taking advantage of the transparency of the silicon substrate of ICs to radiation in the near infrared (NIR) spectrum to devise a non-invasive method for imaging the component circuitry of the IC. The implication is that a means to see into the physical structure of an integrated circuit can be created by using lasers tuned to these wavelengths. While the silicon substrate is transparent to the laser, the circuit paths and devices embedded within the substrate are readily visible since their metallic composition is opaque to laser energy at this wavelength. A laser test fixture consisting of a 1064 nm continuous wave laser, CCD camera, and image acquisition board is used to generate images from flip-chip integrated circuits. Multiresolution image processing techniques are then applied to the resulting images to identify potential defects.

This paper presents unique research efforts related to the use of infrared (IR) laser beams for detecting failures in integrated circuits. The transparency of the silicon substrate of ICs to radiation in the near infrared (NIR) spectrum permits a noninvasive method for imaging the component circuitry of the IC. A laser test fixture consisting of a 1064 nm continuous wave laser, CCD camera, and image acquisition board is used to generate images from flip chip integrated circuits. Multiresolution image processing techniques are then applied to the resulting images to identify potential defects.

This paper describes research related to the development of fast compression end playback routines for full screen, full motion color video and audio suitable for use on the IFTE Soldier Portable On-line Repair Tool (SPORT). This multimedia capability can be included as part of an interactive electronic technical manual (IETM). or incorporated into automatic test equipment (ATE) executive end test program set (TPS) application software. The technical innovations required to achieve the requisite high compression ratio while still preserving good image quality needed for use in ATE applications is described. The benefits or this capability for use in maintenance training, unit under test (UTT) setup and connection. And diagnostic procedures will also be discussed. In addition, we will describe methods that can be used to distribute and update multimedia sequences in deployed systems.

This paper describes the use of neural networks in combination with algorithmic test programs to aid in improving test efficiency and accuracy, especially in test situations where bad actor test programs exist that have difficulty in detecting and isolating Unit Under Test (UUT) failures. The paper will begin with a discussion of the theoretical basis for the use of neural networks as diagnostic aids. Specifically, as an electronic device or circuit is tested, the output of the Unit Under Test (UUT) may be considered as a function of the input. Through the use of multiple tests designed to exercise system capabilities in evaluating UUT performance, the characteristic behavior of the UUT can be established. Test results obtained from the knowledge of Automatic Test System (ATS) programmed stimulus and sensor readings can be used in conjunction with neural networks in classifying good and failed UUTs based upon this characteristic behavior. Indeed, failed UUT behavior can be further classified to distinguish faulty lower-level UUT assemblies and components.

This paper describes the integration of diverse sensor technology capable of analyzing units under test (UUT) from different perspectives, with advanced analysis techniques that provide new insight into static, dynamic, and historical UUT performance. Such methods can achieve greater accuracy in failure diagnosis and fault prediction; reduction in cannot duplicate (CND), retest-OK (RTOK) rates, and ambiguity group size; and improved confidence in performance testing that results in the determination of UUT ready for issue status.

Members SPE-AIMEAbstract. An analysis is made to illustrate the effectiveness of a new second generation high strength low density proppant as compared to that of sintered bauxite and Ottawa sand in a variety of applications. This is accomplished through the use of a reservoir simulator and a fracture design program. Gas producing formations are simulated which exhibit permeabilities between 0.001 md and 0.1 md and closure stresses up to 9500 psi. In these simulations the second generation proppant and sintered bauxite yield essentially proppant and sintered bauxite yield essentially identical production histories. However, the second generation proppant shows far superior performance to Ottawa sand in all applications. Also shown are cases revealing that tail-ins with the second generation proppant can yield a higher return on investment than proppant can yield a higher return on investment than pumping all high strength proppant. pumping all high strength proppant. The simulations reveal the importance of non-Darcy flow and conductivity damage considerations in proppant selection. It is shown that these two factors have much less of an effect on the performance of the second generation proppant than on that of sand. With all of this considered the second generation proppant should prove to have a substantial economic advantage over both sintered bauxite and sand in a variety of applications.Introduction. As the search for gas continues to result in the completion and stimulation of deep tight reservoirs the demand increases for proppants which can withstand higher closure stresses than conventional fracturing sand. Sintered bauxite is the most commonly used proppant in formations where closure stresses are very proppant in formations where closure stresses are very high. It has been shown in the literature that substitution of sintered bauxite for sand can be economical in formations exerting high closure stresses. In many cases the strength of sintered bauxite is much more than is necessary to produce adequate conductitive. In other cases the high density of this proppant combined with its cost per pound make its use prohibitive. Until recently the alternatives to using prohibitive. Until recently the alternatives to using or sintered bauxite have been limited. This has led to a significant research effort directed toward the development of low density high strength proppants. In recent months, a