Ganja State University

Bu çalışma, Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti’nde uygulanan ulusal gençlik politikasının gençlerin sosyo-ekonomik gelişimi, yaşam koşulları ve genel refah düzeyi üzerindeki etkilerini analitik bir çerçevede incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada genç nüfusun demografik göstergeleri ile devletin gençlik alanındaki stratejik öncelikleri ve yönelimleri birlikte ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada kurumsal ve tarihsel yaklaşım temel alınmış; karşılaştırmalı analiz, birincil kaynakların teorik ve tarihsel incelemesi ile sistematik analiz yöntemlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Ayrıca gençlere ilişkin istatistiksel veriler ile gençlik politikasının hukuki ve düzenleyici altyapısı değerlendirme kapsamına dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırma, özellikle gençlerin eğitimi, istihdamı, sağlığı ve spor alanlarına odaklanmakta; bu alanlarda uygulanan politika araçlarının gençlerin sosyo-ekonomik durumları üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgular, gençlik politikası çerçevesinde atılan adımların gençlerin yaşam koşulları üzerinde belirli ve ölçülebilir etkiler yarattığını göstermektedir. Azerbaycan’ın bağımsızlığının ilk yıllarından itibaren gençlik politikasına verilen önem, kurumsal yapıların oluşturulması ve çeşitli programların hayata geçirilmesi yoluyla somut sonuçlar üretmiştir. Bununla birlikte, siyasal ve ekonomik dalgalanmaların gençler üzerindeki uzun vadeli etkilerinin tamamen ortadan kaldırılabilmesi ve gençlerin sosyal ve ekonomik fırsatlarının genişletilebilmesi için devletin üstlendiği sorumlulukların süreklilik ve bütüncüllük içinde ele alınmasının gerekliliği ortaya çıkmaktadır.

This study examines the variability of anxiety indicators in 17-year-old students under the influence of the emotional intensity of exam stress, depending on their nervous system temperament. Before beginning the study, the students' nervous system temperament types were examined. Anxiety scores for students with different temperaments were measured and recorded in three groups: on regular days, before the exam, and after the exam. Significant differences in anxiety scores were found among adult students at all stages.

Argyrodite family compounds and their based phases are of interest as environmentally friendly functional materials. This work presents new phase equilibria data in the Cu8GeSe6–Ag8GeS6 system obtained by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The system was found to be not quasi-binary due to the incongruent melting of Cu8GeSe6, yet it maintains thermodynamic stability at below the solidus temperature. A continuous solid solution series (δ phase) between the high-temperature phases with both cationic and anionic substitutions was identified. The low-temperature phases were shown to have limited homogeneity regions. Solid solution formation lowers the polymorphic transitions temperatures and extends the homogeneity range of the ion-conducting cubic δ phase down to room temperature and below. At room temperature, the homogeneity range of the δ phase spans 10–70 mol % Ag8GeS6. The δ phase in the range 36–64 mol % Ag8GeS6 can be classified as a high-entropy alloy (HEA), which offers additional facilities for tailoring its properties through entropy-driven structural stabilization.

Phase equilibria in the Ag8GeSe6−Ag7GeSe5I−GeSe2 system (system А) were studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray powder diffraction. The T–x diagrams of the Ag8GeSe6−Ag7GeSe5I and Ag7GeSe5I−GeSe2 boundary binaries, the liquidus surface projection, the 300-K isothermal section, and some polytherms of the phase diagram of system A were constructed. A continuous solid solution series between Ag7GeSe5I and the high-temperature cubic Ag8GeSe6 phase and limited solid solutions based on the low-temperature Ag8GeSe6 phase were found to exist in the Ag8GeSe6−Ag7GeSe5I boundary system. Solid solution formation decreases the polymorphic transition temperature in Ag8GeSe6 and stabilizes the high-temperature cubic phase at room temperature.

In the modern era, youth, as a special socio-demographic group, play an important role in the material and spiritual progress of the country. They are regarded by society as the main driving force in the implementation of social changes, economic development, and technological innovations. The development of youth, however, depends on the policy pursued by the state. In many countries, this policy is called state youth policy.The article analyzes the trends of sports development in the context of the youth and sports policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan. In modern civil states, the development of sports is aligned with youth policy, one of the main directions of social policy, and is included in the overall state strategy, being recognized as one of its priority directions. The aim of this article is to analyze, from a political science perspective, the directions and prospects of sports development within the framework of youth and sports policy implemented in the Republic of Azerbaijan, while also identifying existing strengths and weaknesses and assessing the impact of youth and sports policy.The study examines the impact of the state youth policy implemented by the National Leader Heydar Aliyev and President Ilham Aliyev on the development of physical education and sports, its legal and regulatory framework, material and technical base, as well as the development of professional and mass sports. The article also identifies the main development trends, positive and negative aspects. As a result, it has been determined that the development of sports is not only an indicator of the effectiveness of the state’s youth policy but also has a significant impact on enhancing the country’s international reputation, promoting national values, and fostering public health.

Through empirical analysis, the article uses panel analysis to assess the impact of macroeconomic indicators on the probability of death from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) across two groups of countries with differing GDP per capita (Azerbaijan-Turkey and Israel-Austria). The panel analyses were conducted using OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) and GMM (Generalized Method of Moments). The findings indicate that the Human Development Index (HDI) is the key determinant influencing the probability of death from NCDs. As HDI increases, the likelihood of death from NCDs decreases. The panel analysis, covering countries with significantly varying levels of healthcare expenditures, reveals that an increase in healthcare expenditures does not reduce the probability of death from NCDs but, on the contrary, increases it. This outcome can be attributed to two main factors. Firstly, higher healthcare expenditures may improve the identification and reporting of NCD-related deaths, thereby increasing the observed probability. Secondly, healthcare expenditures may be utilized inefficiently, leading to less effective outcomes in reducing deaths caused by NCDs.

The main purpose of this paper is to empirically assess the impact of the interaction between information technology (IT), business models, and competitive strategies on the performance of manufacturing and service firms in Kosovo. The rule of law is also vital to the performance of firms as a facilitating factor in business activities. This research is based on the research of Kosta (2020), Neziraj et al. (2018), and Jusufi and Qorraj (2025), who used similar variables related to this issue. To support the raised hypotheses, the method of structural equation modeling (SEM) is used. The research provides a quantitative assessment of the proposed model, using data collected from 300 Kosovar businesses, 150 manufacturing, and 150 service. The relevance of this paper lies in the fact that this theme has never been elaborated on by other Kosovar authors. IT positively affects the business model. The business model positively affects the performance of the firm. The results of the study refute predictions that competitive strategies directly affect firm performance. The mediating role of business models in the relationship between information technology and enterprise performance is also confirmed. Although the rule of law as a variable is not included in the econometric model, theoretical evidence proves that it is an important factor in increasing the performance of Kosovar enterprises.

Socio-politicial and economic processes in the world require a new pedagogical vision of how to solve the problems of national education/ A modern school must be able to cultivate a democratic culture and develop competencies necessary for life. You need to be able to critically analyze them productively.In search of ways to solve educational problems,the community of scientists? Practicing teachers? Organizers and educational leaders regularly analyzes the historical ideas of national teachers? As well as the experience of foreign scientific schools/ John Amos Comenius (1592-1670) is without a doubt one of the most outstanding educators of all time. His educational legacy is an invaluable contribution to world pedagogy. In different historical periods , scientists tried to solve modern problems of pedagogy and teaching practice with the help of Comenius educational heritage. However , the assessment of his work depended on subjective factors. Namely ideological, Religious, Cultural, Educational and political.

Type of the article: Research Article AbstractCrime remains a significant socio-economic issue, shaped by social instability and economic inequality, and poses critical challenges for public administration and policymaking. In Azerbaijan, rising divorce rates and persistent income disparities have become prominent social concerns, with the former reflecting shifts in family structure and the latter captured by the Gini index as a measure of income inequality. This study explores the causal relationships between crime, income inequality, and divorce rates in Azerbaijan from 2000 to 2021, utilizing econometric methodologies. From a public administration perspective, the study provides empirical insights to support more effective and targeted interventions in crime prevention, social protection, and family policy. Methodologically, the Johansen cointegration test is applied to identify long-term equilibrium relationships among the variables, while the Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test is employed to examine the directional causality. The cointegration analysis reveals stable long-term associations between crime, income inequality, and divorce, with trace statistics (32.172, 16.067, and 4.052) exceeding their respective critical values at the 5% significance level. Additionally, the Toda-Yamamoto test shows that income inequality significantly influences crime (χ² = 5.145, p = 0.023), with divorce exhibiting a stronger predictive relationship with crime (χ² = 7.071, p = 0.007). These findings underscore the necessity for integrated crime prevention strategies, emphasizing the role of public administration in designing and implementing coherent socio-economic policies.