George Fox University

Abstract This chapter discusses the Giant in biblical literature, primarily focusing on the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament but also tracing motifs of monstrous gigantism in the reception history of the post-biblical world. First, the definition of the giant is situated within a context of moralizing spatial imagery that views large things generally as potentially threatening to the primacy of Israel’s God. The chapter further seeks to define giants as “monsters,” focusing primarily on how the giant may be viewed in terms of transgressed boundaries, hybrid identity, and a threat to the “home.” After this, giants in the Bible are considered under the categories of primordial and nonhuman (or semi-human) beings, followed by a review of human giants during the conquest of Joshua and the reign of King David. Various ways of explaining the appearance of giants in the Bible are considered, such as straightforward historical explanations, theories based on ancient observation of giant bones or ruins, and other proposals based on the development of myth, symbol, and literature in the ancient world. The chapter concludes by tracing how the Bible’s story of giants continued into early Jewish literature and beyond.

Abstract The criticality of sleep to human performance is well documented; however, the performance impairments that result when people are deprived of sleep are multifaceted and only partially understood. This chapter provides an overview of cognitive performance changes due to sleep loss, which are driven by homeostatic, circadian, and allostatic processes of sleep regulation. A pervasive consequence of sleep loss is degradation of bottom-up information processing, but sleep loss also diminishes the ability to effectively use top-down attentional control and the ability to bind information together in memory. These deficits are distinct but interrelated and may be connected and integrated in complex ways to produce a variety of cognitive performance outcomes, including real-world performance failures leading to errors and accidents. This chapter reviews the current understanding of the relationship between sleep and human performance.

The dramatic British election of 1945 and an unlikely best-seller on economic philosophy provides the setting for a respectful conversation, rather than an acrimonious debate, between two long-time colleagues of the London School of Economics, the economic theorist F.A. Hayek and the economic historian R.H. Tawney. Their dialogue highlights divergent approaches to key moral issues embedded in economic thought, including the nature of freedom, the role of the state, and the reasons for poverty. The article examines the way in which Christianity underpins Tawney's approach to these questions and how, for Hayek, a network of secular beliefs performs a parallel function as the foundation of his world view and activism. The second part of the article considers the relevance of these events and conversation from 75 years ago for the ongoing dialogue between Christian ethics and economics.

The growing need for collaborative healthcare teams to meet complex health challenges has led to physical therapists (PTs) being embedded in adult primary care settings for many years now. However, this model of care has not been found in pediatrics. This qualitative study sought to gain insights from pediatricians on the potential of embedding pediatric PTs in primary care. Participants were nine pediatricians practicing in both urban and rural, hospital-based and private settings. Semi-structured interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed via thematic analysis per published methods, assuring trustworthiness. Three overarching themes emerged: pediatricians’ priorities aligned with the Quadruple Aim of Healthcare, embedded PTs could fill multiple roles in pediatrics, and they could see a wide variety of patients, highlighting real potential benefits in primary care. Participants endorsed in-office focused treatments, screening to determine optimal care pathways, and ongoing patient follow-up as potential PT roles in this setting. Providers thought that PTs could help manage care for musculoskeletal complaints, high-risk infants, medically complex children, autism, and obesity. An advanced-trained PT having attributes of confidence, adaptability, and open-mindedness was desired. All participants endorsed pediatric primary care PTs as having potentially high value in their practice. This is the first known study on the potential of embedding a PT in the pediatric primary care setting, offering valuable insights from pediatricians to be leveraged in implementation planning.