Giresun University

Objective: In recent years, injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have gained widespread attention due to their effectiveness in obesity management. However, these agents are frequently presented in media using simplified and misleading terminology such as “weight loss injections,” which may create unrealistic expectations and encourage inappropriate or off-label use. This study aimed to evaluate the content and characteristics of online information about weight-loss injections from a public health and ethical health communication perspective.Methods: This descriptive study employed qualitative content analysis of publicly accessible Turkish-language web pages. Data were collected between October and November 2025 using a Google search. Web pages published by private hospitals, private clinics, blogs, and news websites that provided informational or promotional content were included. Textual content was analyzed for the presence of medical indications, contraindications, complications, and side effects, prescription warnings, scientific references, emphasis on medical supervision, and recommendations for lifestyle modification. Visual content was assessed in terms of gender representation, depicted body type, and the use of symbolic elements such as pen needles. Quantitative findings were summarized descriptively, and inductive qualitative analysis was conducted to identify prominent themes.Results: A total of 44 web pages were analyzed. Scientific references and warnings that the product should be obtained by prescription were frequently absent. Although most pages emphasized medical supervision and lifestyle changes, information on indications and contraindications was often incomplete. Visual analysis showed a predominance of female and normal-weight body representations, potentially reinforcing narrow body ideals. Qualitative analysis identified themes including medical legitimacy, social media influence, psychological risks, and concerns regarding unauthorized access.Conclusion: Online content related to “weight loss injections” demonstrates significant scientific, ethical, and communicative shortcomings. Improving the quality of digital health communication and reframing these agents as medical treatments rather than cosmetic solutions is

In this study, a multicomponent composite film system based on alginate, chitosan, κ-carrageenan, agar, and Rapana venosa protein hydrolysate (RVPH) was developed, and the effect of RVPH incorporation (0-1.5%) on molecular interactions, microstructure, and functional performance was evaluated using FTIR, SEM, mechanical testing, optical analysis, and water-related measurements. FTIR results indicated that RVPH interacted with the polysaccharide matrix mainly through hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions without causing chemical degradation. SEM analysis revealed concentration-dependent microstructural changes, with smoother morphologies at low RVPH levels and increased roughness and heterogeneity at higher concentrations. These structural differences were reflected in the functional properties. All films exhibited high swelling and water solubility. Optical properties were significantly affected by RVPH. Mechanical properties exhibited a non-linear response, with numerical variations observed but no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). The EDAS and SWARA methods were employed to determine the optimal incorporation level of RVPH in the film formulations. Among the RVPH-containing films, the formulation incorporating 1% RVPH was identified as the most suitable alternative.

Though the greater number of Arabic language teaching programs for non-native speakers, such programs still rely on traditional methods neglecting higher-order thinking skills and linguistic creativity. Hence, this study sought to investigate the better employment of SCAMPER strategy for developing creative thinking in Arabic as a second language programs. Basically, the SCAMPER strategy, the seven-technique strategy, is a novel educational strategy that focuses on developing creative thinking, motivating learners to generate ideas and address problems creatively. Methodologically, the study used the descriptive approach to achieve its objective. Ultimately, the study concluded that the SCAMPER strategy proved significance in developing creative thinking in Arabic language programs for non-native speakers, given its suitability for cultural and linguistic characteristics. Additionally, the study emphasized that integrating SCAMPER into the design of educational units is an effective tool for developing the content of Arabic language programs for non-native speakers. It also presented a set of practical and diverse applications for employing the seven SCAMPER strategies in Arabic language programs for non-native speakers across all language skills. Finally, the study recommended integrating the SCAMPER strategy into Arabic language curricula for non-native speakers, training teachers on its use, and designing educational activities in light of the strategy.

Büyüme ve fiyat istikrarı, üzerinde sıkça araştırmaların yapıldığı en önemli konular arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma, 2005 yılının birinci çeyreğinden 2024 yılının üçüncü çeyreğine kadar Türkiye'de Tüketici Fiyat Endeksi (TÜFE) değişim oranları ile Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla (GSYİH) büyüme oranları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Gecikmeli TÜFE ve GSYİH değerleri kullanılarak, dört farklı makine öğrenmesi algoritmasıyla (SVR, GPR, NNR ve CNNR) GSYİH büyüme oranlarının öngörülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Öngörü başarısı dört farklı senaryo altında, HKOK ve OMYH ölçütleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, CNNR algoritmasının çoğu senaryoda en düşük hata ile en doğru öngörüleri sağladığını göstermiştir. NNR da özellikle doğrusal olmayan desenleri yakalama konusunda başarılı performans sergilemiştir. CNNR modelinin üstün öngörü doğruluğu, doğrusal ve doğrusal olmayan ilişkileri birlikte modelleyebilme yeteneğinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Genel olarak, makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları—özellikle CNNR ve NNR—enflasyon göstergeleri üzerinden GSYİH büyümesini güvenilir bir şekilde öngörebilecek araçlar sunmaktadır. Bu sonuçlar, özellikle dalgalı enflasyon koşullarında, politika yapıcılar ve analiz uzmanları için daha sağlam ekonomik stratejiler geliştirmede yol gösterici olabilir.

The Foşa hazelnut variety is commonly cultivated in Türkiye and is often confused with the Yomra variety due to morphological similarities. This study aims to determine the phenological and pomological characteristics of the Foşa and Yomra hazelnut populations and reveal their genetic diversity using multivariate statistical analysis and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) molecular markers. We analyzed 80 accessions (43 Foşa and 37 Yomra) using 10 SSR primers to establish genetic relationships. The polymorphic band lengths ranged from 53 to 158 bp, with 1 to 8 bands per primer, totaling 45 bands. The average genetic diversity was 0.53, observed heterozygosity was 0.31, and the polymorphism rate was 0.48. Phylogenetic analysis clearly separated ‘Foşa’ and ‘Yomra’ varieties into distinct clusters, with the population dividing into two main groups, each further subdivided into two subgroups. Several accessions within different subgroups showed identical genetic profiles, indicating clonal relationships. Genetic variation within the ‘Yomra’ variety (similarity coefficient: 0.646) was slightly higher than in the ‘Foşa’ variety (0.676). Among quantitative traits, the coefficient of variation ranged from 2.57% (nut size) to 68.12% (fibrousness), with high variation observed in yield, nuts per cluster, nut weight, kernel weight, kernel shape apex index, kernel cavity, blanching rate, and fibrousness. Phenologically, the ‘Foşa’ population exhibited earlier male flowering, female flowering, and leaf budburst compared to ‘Yomra’, with both populations showing protandrous-homogamous flowering patterns. These results demonstrate that genetically distinct accessions within these populations should be conserved in genetic resource collections and can serve as valuable parents in breeding programs.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-44863-0.

The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of extracts obtained using different solvents (hexane, acetone and methanol) from two freshwater green microalgae species Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp., commonly found in Türkiye. In addition to antioxidant and antimicrobial assays, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), chlorophyll (Chl a and b) and total carotenoid levels were quantitatively determined. A qualitative phytochemical screening was also conducted to detect the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, steroids and glycosides. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging and CUPRAC reducing power assays. The three solvents of different polarity, methanol extract was the most efficient and had the highest extraction efficiency (17%). The hexane extract of Scenedesmus sp. showed the highest DPPH scavenging activity (lowest IC₅₀), while the methanol extract of Chlorella sp. exhibited the strongest reducing power in the CUPRAC assay. Antimicrobial activity, evaluated using the disc diffusion method, revealed that the acetone and methanol extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity, particularly against E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Candida albicans. The highest TPC values were observed in the methanol extracts: 55.95 mg GAE/g for Chlorella sp. and 70.24 mg GAE/g for Scenedesmus sp. Similarly, the methanol extract of Chlorella sp. exhibited the highest TFC (73.41 mg QE/g), while Scenedesmus sp. showed a lower flavonoid content (16.16 mg QE/g). Chlorophyll levels were relatively similar across all solvent extracts. These findings highlight the potential of Chlorella and Scenedesmus species as valuable sources of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents, with solvent type significantly influencing their bioactive compound profiles and biological activities.