Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute North America

Ushbu maqolada Qulcho‘loq konida polimetall (qo‘rg‘oshin–rux) ma’danlashuvining karbonat formatsiyalarida joylashish qonuniyatlari hamda prognoz resurslarini baholash tamoyillari yoritiladi. Ma’danlanish yuqori famen davri karbonat yotqiziqlarida va qisman quyi karbon davri ohaktoshlarida kuzatiladi. Ma’dan tanalari asosan brekchiyalangan, kvarslashgan va skarnlashgan dolomitlarda to‘plangan bo‘lib, ularning shakllanishi zaif zonalar bo‘ylab gidrotermal eritmalarning aylanishi bilan bog‘liq. Organik moddalar bilan boyitilgan dolomitlar metall eritmalardan qo‘rg‘oshin va rux sulfidlarini cho‘ktiruvchi muhim omil sifatida qaraladi. Shuningdek, sulfatli jinslarning mavjudligi ma’dan komponentlarining singenetik konsentratsiyasi uchun qulay sharoitlarni ko‘rsatadi. Olingan natijalar konning istiqbol bloklarini ajratish va prognoz resurslarini aniqlashda ilmiy asos bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.

Under the large-scale integration of wind turbine and photovoltaic into the grid, the power system faces the challenge of insufficient flexibility for regulation. Coordinated planning of hydro-wind-solar-storage systems can effectively mitigate the output volatility of renewable energy sources. This paper proposes a distributionally robust planning method for hydro-wind-solar-storage systems based on the Wasserstein distance. First, taking into account the spatiotemporal correlations of factors such as wind speed and solar irradiance, an auxiliary classifier generative adversarial network (AC-GAN) is employed to generate a set of wind turbine and photovoltaic output scenarios. Then, a bilevel capacity planning model is constructed for the integrated system. The upper level aims to minimize investment costs by determining the optimal energy storage capacity, while the lower level focuses on minimizing operational costs through optimizing storage operation states and the output of various devices. Subsequently, an improved proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm, grounded in the Markov decision process framework, is used to solve the model. Finally, an actual case study based on a hydro-wind-solar system in Qinghai China is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Abstract Multi-staged fracturing technology in horizontal wells play a vital role in "shale revolution" of North America. High-efficient fracturing assessment is of great significance to operation and decision-making. As known to field engineers, some instruments such as permanent cemented optical-fiber system is not affordable for assessment of fracture and perforation clusters efficiency in part of unconventional projects sensitive to CAPEX and OPEX. As important down-hole tools, bridge plug and temporary-plugging materials highly affect fracture initiation and proppant placement among all stages. Dissolvable bridge plugs were widely applied in all unconventional reservoirs development in China instead of drillable plugs. The cost-effective alternative solution to on-line or post-frac validation of above tools is really required for operators. One low-cost solution was put forward in this paper. Surface high-frequency pressure gauge can be quickly connected to wellhead with maximum sampling frequency of 4000 Hz, maximum pressure value of 140 MPa and continuous sampling period of 30 days. One new data acquisition and processing methodology was proposed mainly focusing on fracture and clusters parameters. De-noising and filtering algorithm is helpful to identification of abnormal characteristics and quantitative evaluation of cluster uniformity and diverting operation. One operation pad in shale-oil basin was selected for field trial of the low-cost fracturing monitoring and characterizing solution. The well to be treated was specified as 180-cluster perforation and 38-stage pumping jobs. Pressure datasets were recorded during fracturing via high-frequency pressure gauges for filtration, processing and cepstrum transformation. With the governing model, several characteristics were further extracted and compared with available databases to further interpret all responses. Perforation clusters efficiency and diversion performance was investigated among all stages. Calculating standard deviation of pumped liquid volume among clusters of all stages was made to validate newly-developed temporary-plugging and diversion technology. The abnormal pressure drop of some bridge plugs were identified through the monitoring system during fracturing. Combining with pressure-drop transient analytics, operators further quantitatively evaluated parameters of near-wellbore fracture networks within reservoirs.

Prior to moving newly developed catalyst-coated membranes (CCMs) into large applications for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), a scaling-up test is essential. However, this usually experiences a large performance drop due to the design challenges faced in the testing cell and assembly with a large active area. This work investigates a series of parameters in assembling the testing cell when scaling up the CCM from 5 cm2 to 50 cm2, including assembling force, gasket thickness, and their combination with different porous transport layers (PTLs). At an optimal assembling construction, a CCM with an active area of 5 cm2 achieves a current density of 2.4 A/cm2 at 1.8 V when tested in a 50 cm2 testing cell. In comparison, the same CCM achieves 2.2 A/cm2 when tested in a 5 cm2 testing cell. However, when scaling up to a CCM with an active area of 50 cm2, the current density drops to 1.73 A/cm2. The influence mechanisms are then explored with the assembly procedures for further improvement of the testing performance of PEM water electrolyzers.

Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power are abundant along highways. To enhance the utilization rate of energy within service areas, self-sustained energy systems for highway service zones have been developed. These systems aim to achieve self-sufficiency in energy by producing, converting, storing, and using energy locally, thereby reducing the losses associated with long-distance energy transportation and improving the overall efficiency of the system. However, maintenance and repair can lead to system downtime, posing challenges to the self-sustained operation of these energy systems. This paper proposes an innovative maintenance scheduling plan tailored for self-sustained energy systems in highway service areas to address these challenges. We have established a multi-energy system that integrates various renewable sources, including cold, heat, electricity, and hydrogen, and set up a joint optimization objective. Compared to traditional sequential maintenance methods, our approach not only reduces operational and maintenance costs but also enhances the system's self-sufficiency and efficiency. The queuing time for electric vehicle charging within the service area is substantially reduced, leading to an overall improvement in the operational efficiency of the service zone.