Government Nizamia General Hospital

Abstract Foodborne diseases remain a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries where awareness regarding microbial contamination of food is often limited. Among the most common foodborne pathogens are Salmonella and Escherichia coli, which are responsible for a wide range of gastrointestinal infections associated with contaminated food and water. The present study aimed to assess the level of public knowledge regarding these pathogens and general food contamination practices among individuals residing in the southern regions of India. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among randomly selected individuals from the states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka using a structured questionnaire. The survey included questions assessing knowledge, awareness, and food handling practices related to foodborne pathogens. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate relationships among variables. A total of 210 participants completed the survey. Results indicated that while a moderate proportion of participants were aware that microorganisms can contaminate food (68%), only a smaller percentage correctly identified Salmonella (41%) and E. coli (38%) as common causes of foodborne illness. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between educational level and knowledge of foodborne pathogens (r = 0.46). PCA revealed two major components explaining the majority of variation: general awareness of food contamination and safe food handling practices. The findings highlight the need for improved public education and awareness programs focusing on food safety and prevention of microbial contamination. Strengthening public knowledge could contribute to reducing the burden of foodborne diseases in the region. Keywords: Foodborne pathogens, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, food contamination, public awareness, food safety, survey study, principal component analysis

Background: Acute febrile illness (AFI) presents a major health problem marked by raised body temperature and related symptoms, which Unani medicine understands through its special humoral paradigm. Within the conventional Unani medical system, this study investigates the basic ideas, risk factors, and preventative strategies for acute fever. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study involving 200 participants diagnosed with AFI in outpatient department attendees of the department of community medicine, Government Nizamia Tibbi College and Hospital. from July 2024 to December 2024. Data Analysis was by SPSS. Results: The study identified several key risk factors for AFI, including e.g., poor sanitation, lack of vaccination, environmental factors. Additionally, Unani preventive strategies, such as the use of specific herbal remedies, dietary modifications, and lifestyle changes, demonstrated efficacy in reducing the incidence of AFI. Participants who adhered to Unani preventive measures exhibited a reduction in AFI symptoms. Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of integrating traditional Unani practices with modern public health initiatives to effectively address AFI. By leveraging the strengths of both approaches. Further research is recommended to explore the mechanisms of action of Unani interventions and their potential for broader application in public health.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the ability to completely transform the healthcare industry by enhancing diagnosis, treatment, and resource allocation. To ensure patient safety and equitable access to healthcare, it also presents ethical and practical issues that need to be carefully addressed. Its integration into healthcare is a crucial topic. To realize its full potential, however, the ethical issues around data privacy, prejudice, and transparency, as well as the practical difficulties posed by workforce adaptability and statutory frameworks, must be addressed. While there is growing knowledge about the advantages of AI in healthcare, there is a significant lack of knowledge about the moral and practical issues that come with its application, particularly in the setting of emergency and critical care. The majority of current research tends to concentrate on the benefits of AI, but thorough studies that investigate the potential disadvantages and ethical issues are scarce. The purpose of our article is to identify and examine the ethical and practical difficulties that arise when implementing AI in emergency medicine and critical care, to provide solutions to these issues, and to give suggestions to healthcare professionals and policymakers. In order to responsibly and successfully integrate AI in these important healthcare domains, policymakers and healthcare professionals must collaborate to create strong regulatory frameworks, safeguard data privacy, remove prejudice, and give healthcare workers the necessary training.

The Nizamsagar Reservoir is one of the oldest irrigation projects in India, constructed across the Manjeera River, a tributary of the Godavari River. The present study aimed to analyse15 different water parameters of Nizamsagar Reservoir from June 2021 to May 2022 from two different locations. Standard methods were used for the analysis of various physico-chemical parameters, and correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationships between different types of physico-chemical parameters by using MS Excel software. All the physico-chemical parameters of reservoir water are within the permissible limits according to the standard methods of APHA and AWWA.

Background: Unani System of Medicine (USM) is one of the traditional systems of medicine practiced in India and the Indian subcontinent. It is a holistic system of health care based on inceptive principles applied by Hippocrates, Galen, and Ibn-e-Sina, the founders of present-day medicine. USM encompasses a distinct way of looking at the human body and it considers health to be the result of natural dynamic harmonious balance within the body. USM also recognizes the presence of inherent wisdom which is responsible for controlling all physiological functions, maintenance of health, restoration of health, and self-healing. This intrinsic ability of the body to restore health and the mechanism that activates the body’s healing process is called Tabi’at/ physis. The ultimate goal of prevention of disease can be obtained by optimization of tabi’at/physis, increasing the host defense. It can be achieved through the implication of asbab-e-sitta zarooriyah which includes some Unani Regimenal Therapies also, fostering change in lifestyle habits resulting in good health. Aims: In this raging pandemic all the therapeutic strategies are based on destroying the agent, breaking the means of transmission and immunization. Although we are leaving behind a huge gap in maintaining the host defense even though it has a crucial role in disease dynamics. In this paper, we have attempted to highlight the concept of tabi’at/Physis and its optimization to prevent this disease and its transmission. Methods: The authors had gone through classical Unani medical textbooks books related to the concept of tabi’at, asbab-e-sitta zarooriyah, and various modalities that help in health promotion and host defense. Important Unani medicine textbooks like Al Qanoon, Kamilus Sana’at, Kitab-al- Hawi, Al-asbab wa Alamat, Moalijat Buqratiya, Firdausul Hikmat and Kitabul Mansuri in addition to other published literature on the concerned subject was also reviewed for further clarification on the topic. Keywords: Unani System of Medicine, Tabi’at (physis), Host defense & Asbab-e- Sitta zarooriyah

Background: The nephroprotective effect of crude powder of Asgand (Withania samnifera Dunal) was studied against cisplatin induced renal toxicity in wistar albino rats of either sex.
 Results: The powder of Withania somnifera Dunal at dose level 700 and 1400 mg/kg body wt/day showed reduction in elevated blood urea, serum creatinine and uric acid. It was found to protect kidney damage by cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity as evidenced by oral administration of Asgand (Withania samnifera Dunal) (700 mg/kg) inhibited the rise in blood urea nitrogen (121.7%), Serum cratinine (76.64%), and uric acid (92.7%). There were 92.71% inhibition in the rise of BUN, 92% inhibition in the rise of serum creatinine and 106.6% inhibition in the rise of uric acid with 1400 mg.
 Conclusion: The findings suggest that the famous Unani herb Asgand Powder possesses marked nephroprotective activity and could offer a promising role in the treatment of acute renal injury caused by nephrotoxins like cisplatin.
 Keywords: Withania somnifera Dunal, Cisplatin, Asgand, Nephroprotection, Unani Medicine

The Siddha system of medicine is capable of treating all types of skin diseases. This trial medicine Parangichakkai chooranam is the sasthric preparation. The aim of the present study is investigating the phytochemical and physiochemical analysis of the trial drug Parangichakkai chooranam. Phytochemical analysis, heavy metal analysis and physiochemical parameters such as ash values, extract values, loss of drying were determined as protocol. The physiochemical parameters such as the total as value was found to be 14.3 1.054, insoluble ash value 0.0660.041, loss of drying 11.50.9 and water-soluble extract 5.2130.9, alcohol soluble extract found to be 13.82.553. the phytochemical analysis of different extracts gave positive test for Alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, coumarin, phenol, tannin, protein, sugar. The heavy metal analysis showed the presence of heavy metal mercury at 0.027ppm, which may be less than the recommended limit. The results obtained indicate that the drug is of standard quality and can be used as reference standard.

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a seasonally recurring bilateral inflammation of cornea and conjunctiva found in individuals with atopic background characterised by symptoms like itching, watering, foreign body sensation. Chronic epithelial trauma provoked by eye rubbing due to intense ocular itching has been postulated as important risk factor in the pathogenesis of keratoconus.

BACKGROUNDChronic Obstructive Airways Disease or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is acknowledged by the WHO as the fourth commonest cause of death worldwide.The aim of the study is to analyse various cardiovascular manifestations of "COPD" with the help of Electrocardiography and Echocardiography. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis is a prospective observational study.Patients admitted in Department of Pulmonary Medicine, MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences, Ghanpur with symptoms suggestive of airway obstruction of more than 2 years duration and in whom clinical diagnosis of COPD is made.They were subjected to investigations.Patients with FEV1/FVC ≤0.7 and FEV1< 80% of the predicted, which does not change significantly (<200 mL) after bronchodilator therapy with 0.3 mg of salbutamol nebulisation were included.The included patients would undergo Electrocardiography and Echocardiography for analysis. RESULTSTotal number of patients assessed (n): 50.Mean age of the patients in this study was 50.7.The common ECG changes seen in the present study were-Right axis deviation (28%), Incomplete RBBB (12%) and P Pulmonale (34%).The Echocardiography assessment showed that 44% of patients had evidence of elevated pulmonary artery pressure, 4 patients had right atrial dilatation, and 1 patient had pericardial effusion. CONCLUSIONElectrocardiography has high sensitivity in detecting pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients as evidenced by P Pulmonale, right axis deviation, right ventricular hypertrophy.Majority of the patients with electrocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension also had Echocardiographic evidence of elevated pulmonary artery pressure.

BACKGROUNDRheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a long-lasting autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints.It typically results in warm, swollen and painful joints.Pain and stiffness often worsen following rest.Most commonly, the wrist and hands are involved with the same joints typically involved on both sides of the body.The disease may also affect other parts of the body.The objectives of this study is to study the pulmonary manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis in the study population. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis prospective study was carried out at GMC, Nizamabad.The study was conducted from April 2015 to April 2015. RESULTSIn the present study, females are more suffering with RA (57.5%) when compared to males (42.5%).In the present study, the commonest age group of patients in the present study is between 40 to 50 years with a range of 30 -60 years.All 80 patients had polyarthritis, out of which 23 patients (28.75%) had deformities, out of which 7 were males and 16 were females.Felty's syndrome was present in 7 patients, uveitis was seen in 2 patients, vasculitis in 2 patients and pericardial effusion was seen in 3 patients.Though Rheumatoid Arthritis is common in females, pleuropulmonary manifestations are relatively common in males. CONCLUSIONRheumatoid arthritis usually appears during third to fifth decades of life.Their prevalence increases with age.Those patients who had long-standing disease had more articular deformities.Factors associated with poor prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis include insidious polyarticular onset, male patients, extra-articular manifestations.Rheumatoid arthritis is prevalent in females, but pleuropulmonary manifestations are common in males.Prevalence of pleuropulmonary manifestations is independent of duration of rheumatoid arthritis and presence of levels of antinuclear antibodies and C-reactive protein.But presence of pleuropulmonary manifestations indicate the severity of disease process.They are more common in patients who are having high titres of rheumatoid factor and subcutaneous nodules.Among all pleuropulmonary manifestations, pleural effusion is the most prevalent followed by diffuse interstitial fibrosis and bronchiectasis.