Group for the Analysis of Development

Available open access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. This book explores the transformative potential of education in achieving Sustainable Development Goals 13 (climate action), 16 (peace, justice and strong institutions) and 10 (reduced inequalities). Examining case studies of secondary schooling in Nepal, Peru and Uganda, it critiques the established assumption of linear progress from education to social change. Instead, it argues for just-driven education and introduces an integrated justice framework encompassing environmental, epistemic, transitional and social justice. The authors reveal how connecting education to local contexts empowers young people to critically engage with justice and drive systemic reform, offering a visionary blueprint for sustainable development worldwide.

Background: Health consciousness refers to an individual's level of knowledge and concern regarding the impact of food on personal health; sensory appeal to the influence of attributes such as taste, aroma, appearance, and texture on food preference; and perception of front-of-package (FOP) labels refers to how the presentation of nutritional information on the package affects product choice. Given the increasing concerns about unhealthy food consumption among university students and the role of FOP labels in guiding food choices, it is essential to understand how these factors influence purchase intentions. Objective: This study was to examine the relationship between health consciousness, sensory appeal, and perception of FOP labels with purchase intentions for unhealthy foods in university students. Methods: A cross-sectional predictive study involved 361 students from public and private universities using a non-probability purpose-sampling approach. Data were collected through a previously validated questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results: The results revealed a significant positive association between sensory appeal and purchase intentions for unhealthy foods (β = 0.339; p < 0.001). In contrast, health consciousness (β = -0.296; p < 0.001) and perception of FOP labels (β = -0.237; p < 0.001) were inversely related to purchase intentions. Conclusion: These findings suggest that promoting health consciousness, improving perceptions of FOP labels, and addressing sensory appeal could effectively encourage healthier eating habits and prevent diet-related diseases among university students.

Abstract Mixed-species aggregations at fixed resources may demonstrate complex social structure and behaviors. However, these systems are underappreciated in behavioral ecology, ultimately limiting our understanding of population and community processes. Here we observed 13 species of parrots, macaws, and parakeets in foraging assemblages at exposed cliffs in southeast Perú. For each species, we developed a multivariate index of group impact by accumulating 9 separate metrics of abundance, chronology, functions, and interactions. This index appreciates species that join aggregations in large numbers, participate early, serve in functional roles, interact with others, and are socially dominant. We used Random Forest (“RF”) algorithms to build nonlinear multiple regressions to assess and rank the influence of a suite of taxonomic and morphometric factors on this index. The RF models (R2 = 0.96) indicate parrots with smaller brains (controlled for body size) have the highest impact scores, with several potential underlying mechanisms. We further document a distinct sequence of group participation where subordinate species serve as pioneers that initiate group assembly and foraging, while dominant species serve as sentinels, foraging after subordinates. This result suggests that sequenced tradeoffs and reciprocal altruism may be important in these mixed-species groups.

To determine the activity of cefiderocol against 101 Peruvian Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Carbapenem- and/or third- and fourth-generation cephalosporin-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were isolated in nine Peruvian health centres. Antibiotic susceptibility was established by automated methods and/or disc diffusion (10 antimicrobial agents), colistin agar test (colistin) and microdilution (cefiderocol). The presence of bla PER, bla CTX-M, bla GES, bla KPC, bla IMI, bla IMP, bla NDM, bla OXA-23, bla OXA-24, bla OXA-48, bla OXA-58, bla VIM and oprD was established by PCR; bla CTX-M and oprD were sequenced. The levels of antimicrobial resistance ranged from 20.8% (colistin) to 97.0% (meropenem). The MIC of cefiderocol ranged from ≤ 0.06 to 8 mg/L (one isolate). Cefiderocol resistance rates were 1.0% (according to the FDA and EUCAST) and 0% according to CLSI, whereas 14.9% and 1.0% of isolates were classified as cefiderocol-intermediate according to FDA and CLSI, respectively. CTX-M-131 and GES, and IMP and VIM were the most frequent ESBLs and carbapenemases, respectively. The presence of oprD mutations was tested in 47 carbapenem-resistant isolates, 23 with oprD-inactivating mutations as the sole underlying mechanism. Although no specific association was found between the presence of ESBLs and carbapenemases with cefiderocol resistance, carbapenemase-producing isolates tended to present slightly higher cefiderocol MIC values. The cefiderocol-resistant isolate did not present ESBLs or carbapenemases, showing only an oprD-inactivating mutation. Cefiderocol showed excellent activity against P. aeruginosa, irrespective of the presence of ESBLs and/or carbapenemases. The high number of isolates bordering cefiderocol-resistant levels suggests the need for cautious use and continuous surveillance of this antibiotic.

In 2019, Nike made the most radical move to date, breaking away from Amazon to develop its Consumer Direct Offense strategy further. It was a strategy that focused on greater brand control, high profits, and owning consumer data through proprietary properties, including the Nike App and SNKRS. The early period of this strategic turn out proved quite promising; direct-to-consumer revenues experienced remarkable growth, digital interaction began to accelerate, and investor confidence drove the company's stock to an unprecedented level. By 2023-2024, the model, however, pointed to underlying structural constraints. Digital revenues grew more slowly, competition intensified, and consumers flocked towards websites that provided more convenience and price visibility. What started as a bold experiment in platform independence revealed weaknesses regarding scalability and long-term resilience. This paper examines Nike's path out of the platform and back, utilizing financial and strategic reports, while also considering industry intelligence. The results highlight the two-sided nature of platform secession. Although it may provide short-term expansion and autonomy in operations, it carries the risk of long-term weakness in markets where network effects and competition prevail. The re-engagement of Nike with Amazon in 2025 can demonstrate the strategic urgency of mixed efforts that would allow achieving the advantages of both extensive letting platforms and a specific ownership channel.

Tema rada jeste analiza upravljanja građenja stambeno-poslovnog objekta sa finansijsko-ekonomskog aspekta. Urađen je dinamički plan na osnovu kog smo uradili analizu vremena i troškova izgradnje objekta. Analizirani su planirani i stvarni troškovi izgradnje stambeno-poslovnog objekta.

Depression and intimate partner violence (IPV) are highly related. However, it is unclear what drives this relationship: the form of violence (psychological, physical, or sexual) or its severity. In this study, we first identify patterns of combined forms and severity of violence and then estimate the effects of IPV on depression. We use the DHS and focus on Peru, a country with high IPV rates. Five classes of IPV were identified. The more intense the IPV class, the higher the effect on recent depression. However, the effect on depression tends to be smaller when levels of depression are higher.

Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a la violencia de pareja en gestantes durante la pandemia Covid-19 en el Centro de Salud (C.S.) San Luis, periodo enero a diciembre de 2021. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico de caso-control. La población fueron gestantes atendidas en un establecimiento de atención primaria, de las cuales se tomó una muestra y se distribuyeron en un grupo caso (133) y uno control (133). La violencia de pareja fue identificada mediante Ficha de Detección de Violencia del MINSA. Se usó la prueba Chi-cuadrado con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Además, se estimaron Odds Ratios crudos (ORc) y ajustados (ORa), este último mediante regresión logística binaria. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue 30 años; asimismo, prevaleció la violencia psicológica (69.2%), seguido de la violencia física (50.4%) y la violencia sexual (9.8%). En el análisis bivariado, el bajo nivel educativo (ORc=2.07; p=0.026), la violencia previa a la gestación (ORc=13.09; p=0.000), el consumo de alcohol por la pareja (ORc=1.69; p=0.040) y el antecedente de violencia infantil (ORc=2.03; p=0.033) fueron factores que incrementaron la probabilidad de presentar violencia de pareja en la gestación. No obstante, luego del análisis multivariado solo la violencia pregestacional (ORa=13.98; p=0.000) se asoció con la violencia de pareja durante la pandemia. Conclusiones: La violencia de pareja previa al embarazo es el único factor asociado a la violencia en gestantes durante la pandemia Covid-19 atendidas en el C.S. San Luis.

BackgroundThere is an increasing amount of data from Latin America on the characterization of BRCA variants; however, there is limited information from Peru. We conducted a retrospective study to describe germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic(P/LP) variants and variants of uncertain/unknown significance (VUS) in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in Peru, in patients with breast and ovarian cancer, candidates for treatment with poly (adenosine diphosphate–ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors.MethodsThe patients were evaluated during the period 2019-2021. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples and targeted sequencing was performed using the Ampliseq BRCA panel. Genetic variant interpretation was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the American College of Medical Genetics and ClinVar. During this period, 525 patients (143 with breast cancer and 382 with ovarian cancer) were studied. ResultsWe found that 14.7% (21/143) of breast cancer patients and 20.7% (79/382) of ovarian cancer patients were carriers of P/LP variants in BRCA1/2. The most frequent pathogenic variants detected in BRCA1 were c.2105dupT (BIC: 2224insT, n=12, 18.75%), c.68_69delAG (BIC: 185delAG, n=6, 9.38%), c.140G>T and c.815_824dupAGCCATGTGG (n=5, 7.81%), while in BRCA2 were c.8023A>G (n=6, 16.67%), c.6024dupG (BIC: 6252insG, n=4, 11.11%), and c.9235delG (BIC: 9463delG, n=3, 8.33%). Regarding VUS, we found that 6.99% (10/143) of breast cancer patients and 7.33% (28/382) of ovarian cancer patients were carriers of a VUS in BRCA1/2. For BRCA1, the most frequent VUS was c.93C>G (n=2), and for BRCA2, c.5465A>T (n=4), c.3101T>C (n=3), c.205C>A and c.437T>C (n=2). ConclusionWe found a frequency of 14.7% germline mutations in breast cancer patients and 20.7% in ovarian cancer patients. The most recurrent mutations were BRCA1 c.2105dupT and BRCA2 c.8023A>G. We found that BRCA2 c.8023A>G, c.6024dupG, and c.9235delG were not previously reported in Peruvian patients. BRCA1 c.2344dupA is a novel mutation that has not been previously reported in any database. The frequency of VUS in our cohort was 7.2%.